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Article: China Bowl cave: An Early-Middle Holocene non-analog faunule from Grand Rapids, central Manitoba, Canada

Burns, James A

Quaternary international. 2019 Feb. 16,

2019

Abstract: China Bowl, a small vadose cave in the northern Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada (53+° N, 99+° W), yielded the first recorded cave assemblage from central Manitoba—an Early-Middle Holocene vertebrate faunule dating to 7715 rcy BP (8500 cal y BP). The ...

Abstract	China Bowl, a small vadose cave in the northern Interlake Region of Manitoba, Canada (53+° N, 99+° W), yielded the first recorded cave assemblage from central Manitoba—an Early-Middle Holocene vertebrate faunule dating to 7715 rcy BP (8500 cal y BP). The faunule, comprising mainly small mammals and amphibians, suggests an open taiga punctuated by mixed groves of trees on drier uplands interspersed with low-lying wetlands in an area occupied only a few centuries previously by proglacial Lake Agassiz. Identified elements include 3368 teeth derived from 17 small mammalian species, most of which are today locally sympatric taxa. This late, non-analog fauna, which includes Bison sp. indet., also features collared lemming (Dicrostonyx, perhaps D. richardsoni) which is now disjunct from the China Bowl locality by some 400–500 km to the north. The early postglacial, post-Agassiz occurrence of Dicrostonyx in the northern Interlake supports hypotheses about (Richardson's?) collared lemming still recolonizing northward from a refugium south of the late-Wisconsin Glacial Maximum (LGM) limits as ice and Lake Agassiz shorelines retreated. More than 3800 amphibian bones were also recovered, along with a few snake and fewer avian remains.
Keywords	Bison (genus) ; Dicrostonyx richardsoni ; Holocene epoch ; amphibians ; birds ; bison ; bones ; fauna ; groves ; highlands ; ice ; lakes ; shorelines ; small mammals ; snakes ; sympatry ; taiga ; teeth ; trees ; wetlands ; Manitoba
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0216
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ISSN	1040-6182
DOI	10.1016/j.quaint.2019.02.021
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Minimizing Thermal Damage During Thulium Laser-Assisted Partial Arytenoidectomy: Pulsed Versus Continuous Cutting in an Ex-Vivo Calf Model.

Barnett, Erica / Heaton, James T / Petrillo, Robert H / Purnell, Philip / Burns, James A

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

2023 Volume 132, Issue 11, Page(s) 1355–1360

Abstract: Objectives: The 2 µm-wavelength thulium laser is an effective cutter during partial arytenoidectomy, but thermal trauma can damage adjacent laryngeal tissue. Pulsing laser energy may reduce trauma when compared to continuous-wave cutting. This study ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The 2 µm-wavelength thulium laser is an effective cutter during partial arytenoidectomy, but thermal trauma can damage adjacent laryngeal tissue. Pulsing laser energy may reduce trauma when compared to continuous-wave cutting. This study measured temperature changes, thermal trauma, and time to complete partial arytenoidectomy, with and without pulsing, in an ex-vivo calf model. Methods: Tissue temperature and time to complete a trans-cartilaginous cut were measured during partial arytenoidectomy on ex-vivo calf vocal folds (N = 24) using a thulium laser in continuous-wave (CW, N = 12) and pulsed-wave (PW, N = 12) modes. Energy was 5 W for CW and PW cuts; pulse-widths were 250, 500, and 750 ms. Thermal damage was analyzed histologically by measuring the depth of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inactivation perpendicular to the laser-cut edge at the vocal process. Paired t-tests compared CW and PW modes. Results: Change in temperature was lower using CW (6.5°C) compared to PW modes (250 ms = 18°; 500 ms = 16°; 750 = 19°; Conclusions: 1. Thulium laser cuts in continuous-mode unexpectedly produced less tissue heating yet created similar thermal damage than pulsed-mode cuts during simulated partial arytenoidectomy. 2. Trans-cartilaginous cuts were completed significantly faster in continuous-mode as compared to pulsed-mode cutting. 3. Pulsing the thulium laser does not minimize thermal damage compared to continuous wave cutting during thulium laser-assisted partial arytenoidectomy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Thulium ; Laser Therapy/adverse effects ; Larynx/pathology ; Vocal Cords/surgery ; Vocal Cords/pathology ; Lasers
Chemical Substances	Thulium (8RKC5ATI4P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120642-4
ISSN	1943-572X ; 0003-4894
ISSN (online)	1943-572X
ISSN	0003-4894
DOI	10.1177/00034894231157648
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Article ; Online: The Use of 532-Nanometer-Pulsed Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) Laser in Laryngology: A Systematic Review of Current Indications, Safety, and Voice Outcomes.

Lechien, Jerome R / Burns, James A / Akst, Lee M

Ear, nose, & throat journal

2020 Volume 100, Issue 1_suppl, Page(s) 4S–13S

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the indications, efficacy, safety, and outcomes of potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser procedures for treatment of laryngeal disease.: Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for studies providing ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the indications, efficacy, safety, and outcomes of potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser procedures for treatment of laryngeal disease. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for studies providing information about the indications, efficacy, and safety of both in-office and operative suspension microlaryngoscopy KTP laser procedure in treatment of laryngeal disease. Diagnostic criteria and clinical outcome evaluation of included studies were analyzed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Results: Of the initial screened 140 papers, 17 met our inclusion criteria. Six papers involved KTP laser procedures for benign and malignant vocal fold lesions in suspension microlaryngoscopy only, 10 papers focused on only in-office KTP laser procedures for benign vocal fold lesions, and 1 paper included both in-office and suspension microlaryngoscopy procedures. The following lesions may be considered as indications for KTP laser procedures: Reinke's edema, sulcus vocalis, vocal fold hemorrhage, polyp, granuloma, cyst, scar, papillomatosis, dysplasia, leukoplakia, and early vocal fold malignancies. Irrespective of the types of procedure (in-office vs suspension microlaryngoscopy), the KTP laser is associated with a low complication rate and overall good vocal fold vibration recovery. There is an important heterogeneity among studies concerning laser settings, indications, and outcomes used for the assessment of treatment effectiveness. There are no controlled studies directly comparing KTP laser with other lasers (ie, carbon dioxide laser). Conclusion: The use of KTP laser procedures for treatment of laryngeal disease has increased over the past decade, especially for office-based management of vocal fold lesions. Future controlled studies are needed to compare the safety and outcomes of the KTP laser to other techniques.
MeSH term(s)	Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases/surgery ; Laryngoscopy/methods ; Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; Otolaryngology/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Vocal Cords/surgery ; Voice Quality
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	750153-5
ISSN	1942-7522 ; 0145-5613
ISSN (online)	1942-7522
ISSN	0145-5613
DOI	10.1177/0145561319899183
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Article ; Online: Optical coherence tomography: imaging the larynx.

Burns, James A

Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery

2012 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 477–481

Abstract: Purpose of review: Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image the larynx during diagnosis and treatment of a vast array of laryngeal disorders continues to develop along with innovative surgical techniques. Precise delineation of vocal fold- ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to image the larynx during diagnosis and treatment of a vast array of laryngeal disorders continues to develop along with innovative surgical techniques. Precise delineation of vocal fold-layered microstructure allows for better understanding of the impact of benign and malignant lesions on laryngeal function, and optical coherence is uniquely suited to provide detail of the interface between these lesions and adjacent normal tissue. This review provides the reader with a timely update on current clinical and research applications of OCT. Recent findings: Recent advances in OCT include adaptation of these modalities to obtain images of moving vocal folds and provide real-time information during procedures. Additionally, an augmented form of OCT called polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) shows promise in further characterizing benign and malignant lesions and in delineating areas of normal pliability from scar. PS-OCT can quantify areas of increased collagen (scar) and three-dimensional PS-OCT imaging can visualize the extent and location of lesions within vocal folds. Summary: Imaging the layered microstructure of vocal folds to precisely delineate boundaries between normal pliability and scar provides valuable information during diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant disorders. Current OCT imaging techniques are guiding phonomicrosurgical interventions and improving patient care.
MeSH term(s)	Cicatrix/diagnosis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Vocal Cords/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1232518-1
ISSN	1531-6998 ; 1068-9508
ISSN (online)	1531-6998
ISSN	1068-9508
DOI	10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283582d7d
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Article ; Online: Surgeon Positioning During Awake Laryngeal Surgery: An Ergonomic Analysis.

Baird, Brandon J / Tynan, Monica A / Tracy, Lauren F / Heaton, James T / Burns, James A

The Laryngoscope

2021 Volume 131, Issue 12, Page(s) 2752–2758

Abstract: Objectives: While it is acknowledged that otolaryngologists performing microlaryngeal surgery can develop musculoskeletal symptoms due to suboptimal body positioning relative to the patient, flexible laryngoscopy and awake laryngeal surgeries (ALSs) can ...

Abstract	Objectives: While it is acknowledged that otolaryngologists performing microlaryngeal surgery can develop musculoskeletal symptoms due to suboptimal body positioning relative to the patient, flexible laryngoscopy and awake laryngeal surgeries (ALSs) can also pose ergonomic risk. This prospective study measured the effects of posture during ergonomically good and bad positions during laryngoscopy using ergonomic analysis, skin-surface electromyography (EMG), and self-reported pain ratings. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Eight participants trained in laryngoscopy assumed four ergonomically distinct standing positions (side/near, side/far, front/near, front/far) at three different heights (neutral-top of patient's head in line with examiner's shoulder, high-6 inches above neutral, and low-6 inches below neutral) in relation to a simulated patient. Participants' postures were analyzed using the validated Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA, 1 [best] to 7 [worst]) tool for the 12 positions. Participants then simulated ALS for 10 minutes in a bad position (low-side-far) and a good position (neutral-front-near) with 12 EMG sensors positioned on the limbs and torso. Results: The position with the worst RULA score was the side/near/high (7.0), and the best was the front/near/neutral (4.5). EMG measurements revealed significant differences between simulated surgery in the bad and good positions, with bad position eliciting an average of 206% greater EMG root-mean-squared magnitude across all sampled muscles compared to the good posture (paired t-test, df = 7, P < .01), consistent with self-reported fatigue/pain when positioned poorly. Conclusion: Quantitative and qualitative measurements demonstrate the impact of surgeon posture during simulated laryngoscopy and suggest ergonomically beneficial posture that should facilitate ALSs. Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:2752-2758, 2021.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Ergonomics ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy/adverse effects ; Laryngoscopy/methods ; Laryngoscopy/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Microsurgery/adverse effects ; Microsurgery/methods ; Microsurgery/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology ; Musculoskeletal Pain/etiology ; Musculoskeletal Pain/physiopathology ; Musculoskeletal Pain/prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Occupational Diseases/physiopathology ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Self Report/statistics & numerical data ; Standing Position ; Surgeons/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80180-x
ISSN	1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
ISSN (online)	1531-4995
ISSN	0023-852X
DOI	10.1002/lary.29717
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Article: Oncologic efficacy of angiolytic KTP laser treatment of early glottic cancer.

Zeitels, Steven M / Burns, James A

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

2014 Volume 123, Issue 12, Page(s) 840–846

Abstract: Objective: Angiolytic laser removal of early glottic cancer with ultra-narrow margins was reported in a pilot study 5 years ago as an innovative surgical treatment strategy to better preserve vocal function. Subsequently, in a cohort of > 90 patients, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Angiolytic laser removal of early glottic cancer with ultra-narrow margins was reported in a pilot study 5 years ago as an innovative surgical treatment strategy to better preserve vocal function. Subsequently, in a cohort of > 90 patients, enhanced voice outcomes were achieved and there was diminished need for post-treatment phonosurgical reconstruction. However, the initial pilot study examining oncologic efficacy had a limited number of patients and most did not have 3-year follow-up. Consequently, further analysis of the oncologic efficacy is valuable. Method: Retrospective review. Results: One hundred seventeen patients (T1a-71, T1b-11, T2a-10, T2b-25) underwent potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser treatment of early glottic cancer with a minimum 3-year follow-up (average = 53 months). The "b" designation delineated bilateral disease. Disease control for T1 and T2 lesions was 96% (79/82) and 80% (28/35), respectively. All 10 recurrences were treated with radiotherapy. Fifty percent (5/10) were controlled with radiotherapy, and the other 5 died of disease. Larynx preservation and survival were achieved in 99% (81/82) with T1 disease and 89% (31/35) with T2 disease. Conclusion: This investigation provides further evidence that angiolytic KTP laser removal of early glottic cancer with ultra-narrow margins is an effective oncologic treatment strategy. Radiotherapy was preserved for future use in more than 90% of patients. Since a majority of patients are referred by an otolaryngologist to undergo treatment of early glottic cancer with radiotherapy, this investigation provides compelling information to reappraise this paradigm.
MeSH term(s)	Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery ; Glottis/surgery ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; Microsurgery/methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Phosphates ; Retrospective Studies ; Titanium ; Voice Quality
Chemical Substances	Phosphates ; potassium titanylphosphate (12690-20-9) ; Titanium (D1JT611TNE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120642-4
ISSN	1943-572X ; 0003-4894
ISSN (online)	1943-572X
ISSN	0003-4894
DOI	10.1177/0003489414538936
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Article ; Online: Optimal Arytenoid Position in Laryngeal Framework Surgery: An Anatomic Human Larynx Study.

Burckardt, Elizabeth S / Lopez-Guerra, Gerardo / Kobler, James B / Tynan, Monica A / Petrillo, Robert H / Van Stan, Jarrad H / Burns, James A

The Laryngoscope

2021 Volume 131, Issue 11, Page(s) 2540–2544

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of stitch placement on arytenoid medialization by measuring normative cricoarytenoid joint anatomy and changes in arytenoid position when varying arytenopexy stitch configuration. ...

Abstract	Objectives: The purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of stitch placement on arytenoid medialization by measuring normative cricoarytenoid joint anatomy and changes in arytenoid position when varying arytenopexy stitch configuration. Methods: This adult human larynx study was done in two parts. First, measurements of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage anatomy relevant to cricoarytenoid joint function were made in 45 preserved larynges (26 male (M), 19 female (F)) using digital calipers. Second, the arytenoids of six fresh larynges ( three M, three F) were sutured to the cricoid using various arytenopexy-stitch placements ranging from inferior-lateral to superior-medial, and the resulting arytenoid positions were compared by measuring medial displacement of the arytenoid body and change in glottal configuration from macro still images using Image J. Paired t-tests were used to compare the results. Results: Cartilage and joint facet dimensions showed differences between males (M) and females (F). Cricoid facet lengths averaged 9.3 mm (M) and 7.1 mm (F), and widths averaged 4.9 mm (M) and 4.0 mm (F). The arytenoid facet widths averaged 10.5 mm (M) and 9.7 mm (F). Average distances between cricoid facets were 11.8 mm for both males and females. Securing the arytenoid superior-medially on the cricoid facet produced more medialization (2.2 mm vs 1.0 mm, P < .001) and better glottic aperture configuration (9.5° vs 2.7°, P < .001) than securing the arytenoid inferior-laterally on the facet. Conclusions: Anatomic consistency in cricoarytenoid anatomy provides reliable surgical landmarks for ideal placement of an arytenopexy suture to optimally reposition the arytenoid cartilage. Optimal arytenoid medialization can be accurately reproduced with an arytenopexy-suture that is placed superior-medially on the cricoid facet. Level of evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 131:2540-2544, 2021.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Anatomic Landmarks ; Arytenoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology ; Arytenoid Cartilage/surgery ; Cadaver ; Cricoid Cartilage/anatomy & histology ; Cricoid Cartilage/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngoplasty/methods ; Male ; Suture Techniques ; Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80180-x
ISSN	1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
ISSN (online)	1531-4995
ISSN	0023-852X
DOI	10.1002/lary.29578
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Article ; Online: Carbon debris and fiber cleaving: Effects on potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser energy and chorioallantoic membrane model vessel coagulation.

Tracy, Lauren F / Kobler, James B / Van Stan, Jarrad H / Burns, James A

The Laryngoscope

2019 Volume 129, Issue 10, Page(s) 2244–2248

Abstract: Objectives/hypothesis: Photoangiolytic precision afforded by the 532-nm potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser relies on predictable energy delivery. Inadequate energy output can cause vessel rupture, and excessive energy can cause thermal damage. The ... ...

Abstract	Objectives/hypothesis: Photoangiolytic precision afforded by the 532-nm potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser relies on predictable energy delivery. Inadequate energy output can cause vessel rupture, and excessive energy can cause thermal damage. The quality of the cleaved surface and carbon deposits from ablated tissue are two factors that could negatively impact fiber performance. The effects of these on energy output and blood vessel coagulation were assessed using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Study design: Comparative analysis. Methods: Laser fibers with carbon debris, optimal fiber cleaving, and suboptimal cleaving were inspected at three times magnification, and the light dispersion pattern of each fiber was rated. The average energy output from consecutive pulses through each fiber configuration was recorded. The effect of these fiber conditions on clinical efficacy was estimated by measuring vessel coagulation versus rupture in the CAM model. Repeated measures analysis of variance compared results. Results: Carbon debris and suboptimal cleaving resulted in decreased energy output in comparison to optimal cleaving ([-Δ244 mJ, d = 4.31, P < .001] and [-Δ195 mJ, d = 6.04, P < .001]). Optimal cleaving resulted in immediate coagulation of vessels. Fibers with suboptimal cleaving and carbon debris had unpredictable outcomes, requiring multiple pulses for coagulation or causing vessel rupture. Conclusions: KTP laser fiber function is significantly affected by fiber tip condition. Carbon debris and suboptimal cleaving create significant attenuation of energy, which results in an unpredictable angiolytic effect, as demonstrated by increased vessel rupture in the CAM model. Optimal recleaving of KTP laser fibers restores prior energy output and predictable coagulation. Care should be taken to avoid carbon debris on laser-fiber tips and to cleave fibers properly. Level of evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 129:2244-2248, 2019.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Coagulation/radiation effects ; Blood Vessels/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis ; Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply ; Chorioallantoic Membrane/surgery ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; Models, Anatomic ; Surface Properties
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80180-x
ISSN	1531-4995 ; 0023-852X
ISSN (online)	1531-4995
ISSN	0023-852X
DOI	10.1002/lary.27948
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Article ; Online: Simulators for Laryngeal and Airway Surgery.

Burns, James A / Adkins, Lacey K / Dailey, Seth / Klein, Adam M

Otolaryngologic clinics of North America

2017 Volume 50, Issue 5, Page(s) 903–922

Abstract: There is growing support from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Health Care Organizations for a competency-based evaluation of medical and surgical performance. This is part of the ... ...

Abstract	There is growing support from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Health Care Organizations for a competency-based evaluation of medical and surgical performance. This is part of the quality movement in health care whereby the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and third-party insurance companies have begun to link reimbursement incentives to positive surgical outcomes. Laryngeal and airway surgery require precise technique and significant mastered skill that can be difficult to obtain during otolaryngology residency training. Simulators are useful for developing laryngeal and airway surgery skills ultimately evaluated in a competency-based manner.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	417489-6
ISSN	1557-8259 ; 0030-6665
ISSN (online)	1557-8259
ISSN	0030-6665
DOI	10.1016/j.otc.2017.05.003
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Article ; Online: Estimation of Subglottal Pressure From Neck Surface Vibration in Patients With Voice Disorders.

Marks, Katherine L / Lin, Jonathan Z / Burns, James A / Hron, Tiffiny A / Hillman, Robert E / Mehta, Daryush D

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2020 Volume 63, Issue 7, Page(s) 2202–2218

Abstract: Purpose Given the established linear relationship between neck surface vibration magnitude and mean subglottal pressure (Ps) in vocally healthy speakers, the purpose of this study was to better understand the impact of the presence of a voice disorder on ...

Abstract	Purpose Given the established linear relationship between neck surface vibration magnitude and mean subglottal pressure (Ps) in vocally healthy speakers, the purpose of this study was to better understand the impact of the presence of a voice disorder on this baseline relationship. Method Data were obtained from participants with voice disorders representing a variety of glottal conditions, including phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction, nonphonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction, and unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Participants were asked to repeat /p/-vowel syllable strings from loud-to-soft loudness levels in multiple vowel contexts (/pa/, /pi/, /pu/) and pitch levels (comfortable, higher than comfortable, lower than comfortable). Three statistical metrics were computed to analyze the regression line between neck surface accelerometer (ACC) signal magnitude and Ps within and across pitch, vowel, and voice disorder category: coefficient of determination (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phonation ; Speech Acoustics ; Vibration ; Voice ; Voice Disorders/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00409
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