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Article: Effects of a prolonged standardized diet on normalizing the human metabolome

Winnike, Jason H / Busby, Marjorie G / Watkins, Paul B / O'Connell, Thomas M

American journal of clinical nutrition AJN. 2009 Dec., v. 90, no. 6

2009

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the effects of acute dietary interventions on the human metabolome have been studied, the extent to which the metabolome can be normalized by extended dietary standardization has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE: We examined the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Although the effects of acute dietary interventions on the human metabolome have been studied, the extent to which the metabolome can be normalized by extended dietary standardization has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE: We examined the metabolic profiles of healthy human subjects after extended dietary standardization to see whether the inherent variation in the human metabolome could be decreased. DESIGN: A cohort of 10 healthy volunteers was admitted to a clinical research center for 2 wk of dietary standardization. Daily serum and urine samples and serum samples at a 2-wk follow-up visit were collected. The samples were analyzed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS: NMR spectra were collected to globally profile the higher-concentration metabolites (>μmol/L concentrations). Metabolic changes were observed in some serum samples after day 1 or the 2-wk follow-up visit. For each subject, the samples from all other days had similar profiles. The urinary metabolome reflected no effects from dietary standardization. Pooled 24-h urine samples were studied, which indicated that any normalization that does occur would do so in <24 h. CONCLUSIONS: For both the urinary and serum metabolome, a single day of dietary standardization appears to provide all of the normalization that is achievable within the strict controls implemented in a clinical research setting. After 24 h, the subjects remain in their metabolic space; the remaining intra- and intersubject variations appear to be influenced by variables such as genetics, age, and lifestyle.
Keywords	long term effects ; diet ; metabolome ; metabolites ; metabolism ; human health ; health status ; food intake ; nutritional intervention ; humans ; cohort studies ; urine ; genetics ; age ; health effects assessments ; lifestyle ; sociodemographic characteristics ; functional foods ; diet therapy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2009-12
Size	p. 1496-1501.
Publishing place	American Society for Clinical Nutrition
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effects of a prolonged standardized diet on normalizing the human metabolome.

Winnike, Jason H / Busby, Marjorie G / Watkins, Paul B / O'Connell, Thomas M

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2009 Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 1496–1501

Abstract: Background: Although the effects of acute dietary interventions on the human metabolome have been studied, the extent to which the metabolome can be normalized by extended dietary standardization has not yet been examined.: Objective: We examined the ...

Abstract	Background: Although the effects of acute dietary interventions on the human metabolome have been studied, the extent to which the metabolome can be normalized by extended dietary standardization has not yet been examined. Objective: We examined the metabolic profiles of healthy human subjects after extended dietary standardization to see whether the inherent variation in the human metabolome could be decreased. Design: A cohort of 10 healthy volunteers was admitted to a clinical research center for 2 wk of dietary standardization. Daily serum and urine samples and serum samples at a 2-wk follow-up visit were collected. The samples were analyzed by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: NMR spectra were collected to globally profile the higher-concentration metabolites (>micromol/L concentrations). Metabolic changes were observed in some serum samples after day 1 or the 2-wk follow-up visit. For each subject, the samples from all other days had similar profiles. The urinary metabolome reflected no effects from dietary standardization. Pooled 24-h urine samples were studied, which indicated that any normalization that does occur would do so in <24 h. Conclusions: For both the urinary and serum metabolome, a single day of dietary standardization appears to provide all of the normalization that is achievable within the strict controls implemented in a clinical research setting. After 24 h, the subjects remain in their metabolic space; the remaining intra- and intersubject variations appear to be influenced by variables such as genetics, age, and lifestyle.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolome ; Middle Aged ; Principal Component Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.3945/ajcn.2009.28234
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Article ; Online: Anthropometric measures: poor predictors of body fat in children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy.

Kuperminc, Michelle N / Gurka, Matthew J / Bennis, Jacey A / Busby, Marjorie G / Grossberg, Richard I / Henderson, Richard C / Stevenson, Richard D

Developmental medicine and child neurology

2010 Volume 52, Issue 9, Page(s) 824–830

Abstract: Aim: This purpose of our study was to assess and compare anthropometric measures of adiposity and direct measurement of percentage body fat by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We also compared our results in ...

Abstract	Aim: This purpose of our study was to assess and compare anthropometric measures of adiposity and direct measurement of percentage body fat by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We also compared our results in children with CP with results from a national sample of typically developing children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Method: Anthropometry and DXA were obtained from 58 participants with CP (25 females, 33 males; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III-V; mean age 13 y 1 mo [SD 3 y], range 8-18 y). Height was estimated from knee height, which was measured with knee height calipers; weight was measured on a sitting scale. The relation between percentage body fat measured by DXA and z-scores of each of the anthropometric measures (body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and mid-upper arm fat area) was assessed by linear models. Agreement analysis was performed to assess the ability of each anthropometric measure to predict percentage body fat by DXA. Results: None of the anthropometric measures were adequately associated with percentage body fat by DXA. All anthropometric methods tended to underestimate percentage body fat in children with CP. Interpretation: Single anthropometric measures do not perform well in predicting percentage body fat in children with or without CP. Further work is needed to develop clinically useful and simple assessments that will predict percentage body fat and to determine the relation between percentage body fat and health to guide clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Anthropometry/methods ; Arm/pathology ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis ; Cerebral Palsy/pathology ; Child ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80369-8
ISSN	1469-8749 ; 0012-1622
ISSN (online)	1469-8749
ISSN	0012-1622
DOI	10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03694.x
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Article ; Online: Assessment and correction of skinfold thickness equations in estimating body fat in children with cerebral palsy.

Gurka, Matthew J / Kuperminc, Michelle N / Busby, Marjorie G / Bennis, Jacey A / Grossberg, Richard I / Houlihan, Christine M / Stevenson, Richard D / Henderson, Richard C

Developmental medicine and child neurology

2009 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) e35–41

Abstract: Aim: To assess the accuracy of skinfold equations in estimating percentage body fat in children with cerebral palsy (CP), compared with assessment of body fat from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).: Method: Data were collected from 71 ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To assess the accuracy of skinfold equations in estimating percentage body fat in children with cerebral palsy (CP), compared with assessment of body fat from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Method: Data were collected from 71 participants (30 females, 41 males) with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I-V) between the ages of 8 and 18 years. Estimated percentage body fat was computed using established (Slaughter) equations based on the triceps and subscapular skinfolds. A linear model was fitted to assess the use of a simple correction to these equations for children with CP. Results: Slaughter's equations consistently underestimated percentage body fat (mean difference compared with DXA percentage body fat -9.6/100 [SD 6.2]; 95% confidence interval [CI] -11.0 to -8.1). New equations were developed in which a correction factor was added to the existing equations based on sex, race, GMFCS level, size, and pubertal status. These corrected equations for children with CP agree better with DXA (mean difference 0.2/100 [SD=4.8]; 95% CI -1.0 to 1.3) than existing equations. Interpretation: A simple correction factor to commonly used equations substantially improves the ability to estimate percentage body fat from two skinfold measures in children with CP.
MeSH term(s)	Absorptiometry, Photon/methods ; Adipose Tissue/pathology ; Adolescent ; Algorithms ; Anthropometry/methods ; Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis ; Cerebral Palsy/pathology ; Child ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skinfold Thickness
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80369-8
ISSN	1469-8749 ; 0012-1622
ISSN (online)	1469-8749
ISSN	0012-1622
DOI	10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03474.x
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Article: Ad libitum choline intake in healthy individuals meets or exceeds the proposed adequate intake level.

Fischer, Leslie M / Scearce, Julie A / Mar, Mei-Heng / Patel, Jayanti R / Blanchard, Renee T / Macintosh, Beth A / Busby, Marjorie G / Zeisel, Steven H

The Journal of nutrition

2005 Volume 135, Issue 4, Page(s) 826–829

Abstract: Choline is an essential nutrient for humans that is used to synthesize membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Betaine, a metabolite of choline, functions as a methyl-group donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, and ...

Abstract	Choline is an essential nutrient for humans that is used to synthesize membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Betaine, a metabolite of choline, functions as a methyl-group donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, and is important for renal function. Accurate analysis of choline intake was previously not possible because the choline content of most foods was not known. Using new and recently published data on the concentrations of choline in common foods, we measured the choline content of diets consumed ad libitum by healthy adult volunteers housed in a clinical research center and compared these with estimates of choline intake derived from 3-d food records kept by subjects immediately before study enrollment. Mean choline intake in this subject population met or slightly exceeded the current Adequate Intake (AI) of 7 mg/(kg . d) set by the Institute of Medicine. Men and women consumed similar amounts of choline per day (8.4 and. 6.7 mg/kg, respectively; P = 0.11). Choline intakes estimated from the 3-d food records were significantly lower than this (when expressed as mg/kg, or as total mg, but not when normalized to energy intake), suggesting underreporting of food intake. Intake of betaine, which may spare choline utilization as a methyl-group donor, was 5.3 mg/(kg . d) in men and 4.7 mg/(kg . d) in women. Intake of folate, vitamin B-12, and methionine + cysteine, were similar and sufficient in all subjects. The current recommended AI for choline seems to be a good approximation of the actual intake of this nutrient.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; Choline/pharmacokinetics ; Energy Intake ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; North Carolina ; Nutritional Requirements ; Sex Characteristics
Chemical Substances	Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
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Article: Ad Libitum Choline Intake in Healthy Individuals Meets or Exceeds the Proposed Adequate Intake Level

Fischer, Leslie M / Scearce, Julie A / Mar, Mei-Heng / Patel, Jayanti R / Blanchard, Renee T / Macintosh, Beth A / Busby, Marjorie G / Zeisel, Steven H

Journal of nutrition. 2005 Apr., v. 135, no. 4

2005

Abstract	Choline is an essential nutrient for humans that is used to synthesize membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Betaine, a metabolite of choline, functions as a methyl-group donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, and is important for renal function. Accurate analysis of choline intake was previously not possible because the choline content of most foods was not known. Using new and recently published data on the concentrations of choline in common foods, we measured the choline content of diets consumed ad libitum by healthy adult volunteers housed in a clinical research center and compared these with estimates of choline intake derived from 3-d food records kept by subjects immediately before study enrollment. Mean choline intake in this subject population met or slightly exceeded the current Adequate Intake (AI) of 7 mg/(kg · d) set by the Institute of Medicine. Men and women consumed similar amounts of choline per day (8.4 and. 6.7 mg/kg, respectively; P = 0.11). Choline intakes estimated from the 3-d food records were significantly lower than this (when expressed as mg/kg, or as total mg, but not when normalized to energy intake), suggesting underreporting of food intake. Intake of betaine, which may spare choline utilization as a methyl-group donor, was 5.3 mg/(kg · d) in men and 4.7 mg/(kg · d) in women. Intake of folate, vitamin B-12, and methionine + cysteine, were similar and sufficient in all subjects. The current recommended AI for choline seems to be a good approximation of the actual intake of this nutrient.
Keywords	eating habits ; nutrient intake ; choline ; dietary recommendations ; measurement ; adults ; men ; women ; estimation ; food intake ; betaine ; nutrient utilization ; folic acid ; vitamin B12 ; methionine ; cysteine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2005-04
Size	p. 826-829.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Choline- and betaine-defined diets for use in clinical research and for the management of trimethylaminuria.

Busby, Marjorie G / Fischer, Leslie / da Costa, Kerry-Ann / Thompson, Dorothene / Mar, Mei-Heng / Zeisel, Steven H

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

2004 Volume 104, Issue 12, Page(s) 1836–1845

Abstract: This article describes the development of a series of choline- and betaine-controlled diets that were served to research subjects as part of an ongoing study of diet requirements in humans. These diets were developed based on the analysis of choline and ... ...

Abstract	This article describes the development of a series of choline- and betaine-controlled diets that were served to research subjects as part of an ongoing study of diet requirements in humans. These diets were developed based on the analysis of choline and betaine in individual foods. The calculated diets were compared with analyses of all foods combined into a single sample for each day. The laboratory analyses of choline and betaine in the whole-diet aliquots matched the estimated amounts in the diets that were calculated from the analyses of individual foods. These diets were adjusted for several levels of choline and betaine and were well accepted by research subjects who consumed them for a time period of up to 2 months. This article describes applications of this diet for use in clinical research on methyl-group requirements in humans and for use in clinical practice for counseling the client who requires a choline-controlled diet.
MeSH term(s)	Betaine/administration & dosage ; Betaine/metabolism ; Choline/administration & dosage ; Choline/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Dietetics/standards ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diet therapy ; Methylamines/urine ; Methylation ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Requirements ; Practice Guidelines as Topic
Chemical Substances	Methylamines ; Betaine (3SCV180C9W) ; trimethylamine (LHH7G8O305) ; Choline (N91BDP6H0X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	390806-9
ISSN	1878-3570 ; 0002-8223
ISSN (online)	1878-3570
ISSN	0002-8223
DOI	10.1016/j.jada.2004.09.027
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Article: Safety and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to postmenopausal women

Bloedon, LeAnne T / Jeffcoat, A. Robert / Lopaczynski, Wlodek / Schell, Michael J / Black, Tracy M / Dix, Kelly J / Thomas, Brian F / Albright, Craig / Busby, Marjorie G / Crowell, James A / Zeisel, Steven H

American journal of clinical nutrition. 2002 Nov., v. 76, no. 5

2002

Abstract: Background: Soy isoflavones are being evaluated as chemopreventive agents for breast and other cancers. Objective: The objective was to perform safety and pharmacokinetic studies of purified unconjugated isoflavone preparations containing genistein, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Soy isoflavones are being evaluated as chemopreventive agents for breast and other cancers. Objective: The objective was to perform safety and pharmacokinetic studies of purified unconjugated isoflavone preparations containing genistein, daidzein, and glycitein in postmenopausal women. Design: Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women ingested a single dose of 1 of 2 purified (from soybeans) isoflavone preparations that delivered a genistein dose of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg body wt. These doses were higher than those previously administered to human females. Toxicity studies were performed 24 h and 3, 6, 14, and 30 d after isoflavone administration. Kinetic studies were performed during the first 24 h. Results: We observed a 7% decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a 32% decrease in the neutrophil count 24 h after treatment with formulation A. Isolated episodes of nausea, pedal edema, and breast tenderness were judged to be possibly related to the study treatment. The terminal plasma half-lives for free genistein, daidzein, and glycitein averaged 3.8, 7.7, and 3.4 h, respectively. The terminal pseudo half-lives for total genistein and total daidzein in plasma averaged 10.1 and 10.8 h, respectively. The estimated bioavailabilities of both total genistein and total daidzein from each of the 2 formulations were not significantly different. Conclusions: A single-dose administration of purified unconjugated isoflavones at amounts that exceed normal dietary intakes had minimal clinical toxicity in healthy postmenopausal women. The pharmacokinetic data suggest that chronic dosing at 12-24-h intervals would not lead to progressive accumulation of these isoflavones.
Keywords	bioavailability ; daidzein ; diastolic blood pressure ; edema ; females ; genistein ; glycitein ; half life ; nausea ; neoplasms ; pharmacokinetics ; postmenopause ; soybeans ; toxicity ; toxicity testing ; women
Language	English
Dates of publication	2002-11
Size	p. 1126-1137.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Safety and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to postmenopausal women.

Bloedon, LeAnne T / Jeffcoat, A Robert / Lopaczynski, Wlodek / Schell, Michael J / Black, Tracy M / Dix, Kelly J / Thomas, Brian F / Albright, Craig / Busby, Marjorie G / Crowell, James A / Zeisel, Steven H

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2002 Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 1126–1137

Abstract: Background: Soy isoflavones are being evaluated as chemopreventive agents for breast and other cancers.: Objective: The objective was to perform safety and pharmacokinetic studies of purified unconjugated isoflavone preparations containing genistein, ...

Abstract	Background: Soy isoflavones are being evaluated as chemopreventive agents for breast and other cancers. Objective: The objective was to perform safety and pharmacokinetic studies of purified unconjugated isoflavone preparations containing genistein, daidzein, and glycitein in postmenopausal women. Design: Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women ingested a single dose of 1 of 2 purified (from soybeans) isoflavone preparations that delivered a genistein dose of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg body wt. These doses were higher than those previously administered to human females. Toxicity studies were performed 24 h and 3, 6, 14, and 30 d after isoflavone administration. Kinetic studies were performed during the first 24 h. Results: We observed a 7% decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a 32% decrease in the neutrophil count 24 h after treatment with formulation A. Isolated episodes of nausea, pedal edema, and breast tenderness were judged to be possibly related to the study treatment. The terminal plasma half-lives for free genistein, daidzein, and glycitein averaged 3.8, 7.7, and 3.4 h, respectively. The terminal pseudo half-lives for total genistein and total daidzein in plasma averaged 10.1 and 10.8 h, respectively. The estimated bioavailabilities of both total genistein and total daidzein from each of the 2 formulations were not significantly different. Conclusions: A single-dose administration of purified unconjugated isoflavones at amounts that exceed normal dietary intakes had minimal clinical toxicity in healthy postmenopausal women. The pharmacokinetic data suggest that chronic dosing at 12-24-h intervals would not lead to progressive accumulation of these isoflavones.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Genistein/blood ; Genistein/urine ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Isoflavones/administration & dosage ; Isoflavones/adverse effects ; Isoflavones/blood ; Isoflavones/pharmacokinetics ; Isoflavones/pharmacology ; Isoflavones/urine ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause/drug effects ; Postmenopause/metabolism ; Glycine max/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Drug Combinations ; Isoflavones ; daidzein (6287WC5J2L) ; glycitein (92M5F28TVF) ; Genistein (DH2M523P0H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1126
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Article: Clinical characteristics and pharmacokinetics of purified soy isoflavones: single-dose administration to healthy men.

Busby, Marjorie G / Jeffcoat, A Robert / Bloedon, LeAnne T / Koch, Matthew A / Black, Tracy / Dix, Kelly J / Heizer, William D / Thomas, Brian F / Hill, Judith M / Crowell, James A / Zeisel, Steven H

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2001 Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) 126–136

Abstract: Background: Soy isoflavones are potential cancer chemoprevention treatments.: Objective: We conducted safety studies of purified unconjugated genistein, daidzein, and glycitein, and defined pharmacokinetic parameters for their absorption and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Soy isoflavones are potential cancer chemoprevention treatments. Objective: We conducted safety studies of purified unconjugated genistein, daidzein, and glycitein, and defined pharmacokinetic parameters for their absorption and metabolism. Design: Thirty healthy men ingested a single dose of 1 of 2 isoflavone preparations purified from soy. The delivered doses of genistein (1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg/kg body wt) were higher than those previously administered to humans. Formulation A was composed of 90 +/- 5% genistein, 10% daidzein, and 1% glycitein. Formulation B was composed of 43% genistein, 21% daidzein, and 2% glycitein. Results: We observed no clinically significant behavioral or physical changes after treatment. We observed elevations in lipoprotein lipase and hypophosphatemia that were possibly related to the treatment but that were associated with no clinical toxicity. Considerable quantities of isoflavones were excreted in urine as conjugates. The terminal elimination rate, elimination half-life, area under the curve, maximum plasma concentration, apparent systemic clearance, and volume of distribution were estimated for genistein and daidzein. The mean elimination half-lives with both formulations were 3.2 h for free genistein and 4.2 h for free daidzein. The mean pseudo half-lives were 9.2 h for total genistein and 8.2 h for total daidzein. Conclusions: Dietary supplements of purified unconjugated isoflavones administered to humans in single doses exceeding normal dietary intake manyfold resulted in minimal clinical toxicity. Genistein and daidzein (free and total) were rapidly cleared from plasma and excreted in urine.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/blood ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/blood ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics ; Genistein/blood ; Genistein/pharmacokinetics ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Isoflavones/adverse effects ; Isoflavones/blood ; Isoflavones/pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Glycine max
Chemical Substances	Anticarcinogenic Agents ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ; Isoflavones ; daidzein (6287WC5J2L) ; glycitein (92M5F28TVF) ; Genistein (DH2M523P0H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2001-12-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1093/ajcn/75.1.126
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