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Article ; Online: Post-cessation weight concerns among women calling a state tobacco quitline.

Beebe, Laura A / Bush, Terry

2015 Volume 48, Issue 1 Suppl 1, Page(s) S61–4

Abstract: Background: Obese and overweight women who smoke are more likely to be concerned about weight gain following cessation, impacting ability to quit and relapse.: Purpose: To determine differences in weight concerns for underweight, normal weight, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Obese and overweight women who smoke are more likely to be concerned about weight gain following cessation, impacting ability to quit and relapse. Purpose: To determine differences in weight concerns for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese female smokers by race/ethnicity. Methods: From March to November 2008, female adult tobacco users calling the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline were asked questions to determine the prevalence of obesity and concern for cessation-related weight gain. A score of 50 or greater, where 0=not at all concerned and 100=very concerned, on one of two weight concerns questions defined the outcome. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. For the current analyses in 2013, race, ethnicity, age, education, marital status, and tobacco use history were examined as covariates. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs. Results: A significant interaction between race and BMI was observed; thus, separate models were created for white (n=3,579); black (n=330); American Indian (n=441); and Hispanic (n=125) women. BMI was independently associated with weight concerns among all racial/ethnic groups, but the strength of the association varied. For black and Hispanic women, there was a particularly strong association between BMI and weight concerns among obese women (OR=9.55, 95% CI=5.05, 18.07, and OR=8.46, 95% CI=2.57, 27.83, respectively), although sample sizes were small. Conclusions: State quitlines should consider tailoring promotional efforts and treatment protocols to include concerns about weight gain, especially for obese African American and Hispanic smokers.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight/ethnology ; Ethnic Groups/psychology ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/ethnology ; Obesity/psychology ; Oklahoma/epidemiology ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Overweight/ethnology ; Overweight/psychology ; Prevalence ; Smoking/ethnology ; Smoking/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/ethnology ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Smoking Prevention
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.004
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Article ; Online: The impact of primary care behavioral health services on patient behaviors: A randomized controlled trial.

Robinson, Patricia / Von Korff, Michael / Bush, Terry / Lin, Elizabeth H B / Ludman, Evette J

Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare

2020 Volume 38, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–15

Abstract: Introduction: Greater understanding of the impact of low intensity psychosocial interventions delivered by behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) working in an integrated care program (ICP) may promote better depression care.: Method: In a randomized ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Greater understanding of the impact of low intensity psychosocial interventions delivered by behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) working in an integrated care program (ICP) may promote better depression care. Method: In a randomized controlled trial, 153 participants identified as depressed by their primary care provider (PCP) were assigned to ICP or usual care (UC, management by PCP, including specialty referral). In the ICP condition, BHCs worked collaboratively with PCPs and liaison psychiatrists. Results: ICP participants with lower and higher severity symptoms reported significantly greater use of coping strategies than UC participants at the 1-month follow up (lower: p = .002; higher: p = .016). ICP participants with lower severity continued to report significantly greater use of coping strategies than UC participants at the 4-month (p = .024), and 7-month (p = .012) follow ups. ICP participants were more likely to be following relapse preventions plans at the 4-month follow up (lower: 89.5% vs. 50%, p = .0.000; higher 74.1% vs. 33%, p = .0001). ICP participants also reported use of antidepressant medications on more days than UC participants at the 4-month follow up (lower: 21.27 vs. 14.49 days, p = .049; higher: 24.61 vs. 17.08 days, p = .035). Patient retention in the ICP was high, and ICP participants were significantly more satisfied with depression care than UC participants at follow-up assessments. Discussion: Delivery of low intensity psychosocial interventions by BHCs was associated with improvements to behavior charge targets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Behavioral Medicine/methods ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/methods ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards ; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/trends ; Depression/psychology ; Depression/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health Services/standards ; Mental Health Services/supply & distribution ; Middle Aged ; Patient Satisfaction ; Primary Health Care/methods ; Primary Health Care/standards ; Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1326859-4
ISSN	1939-0602 ; 1091-7527 ; 0736-1718
ISSN (online)	1939-0602
ISSN	1091-7527 ; 0736-1718
DOI	10.1037/fsh0000474
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Article: Race differences in predictors of weight gain among a community sample of smokers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a multiple behavior change intervention.

Tan, Marcia M / Bush, Terry / Lovejoy, Jennifer C / Javitz, Harold / Torres, Alula Jimenez / Wassum, Ken / Spring, Bonnie

Preventive medicine reports

2020 Volume 21, Page(s) 101303

Abstract: African Americans have disproportionate rates of post-cessation weight gain compared to non-Hispanic whites, but few studies have examined this weight gain in a multiracial sample of smokers receiving evidence-based treatment in a community setting. We ... ...

Abstract	African Americans have disproportionate rates of post-cessation weight gain compared to non-Hispanic whites, but few studies have examined this weight gain in a multiracial sample of smokers receiving evidence-based treatment in a community setting. We examined race differences in short-term weight gain during an intervention to foster smoking cessation plus weight management. Data were drawn from the Best Quit Study, a randomized controlled trial conducted via telephone quitlines across the U.S. from 2013 to 2017. The trial tested the effects on cessation and weight gain prevention of adding a weight control intervention either simultaneously with or sequentially after smoking cessation treatment. African Americans (n = 665) and whites (n = 1723) self-reported smoking status and weight during ten intervention calls. Random effects longitudinal modeling was used to examine predictors of weight change over the intervention period (average 16 weeks). There was a significant race × treatment effect; in the simultaneous group, weight increased for African Americans at a faster rate compared to whites (b = 0.302, SE = 0.129,
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2785569-7
ISSN	2211-3355
ISSN	2211-3355
DOI	10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101303
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Article ; Online: Marijuana Use and Adherence to Smoking Cessation Treatment Among Callers to Tobacco Quitlines.

Carpenter, Kelly M / Torres, Alula J / Salmon, Erica E / Carlini, Beatriz H / Vickerman, Katrina A / Schauer, Gillian L / Bush, Terry

Preventing chronic disease

2020 Volume 17, Page(s) E102

Abstract: Introduction: Tobacco kills over half a million adults annually in the United States. Most smokers want to quit, and over 400,000 call state-funded quitlines for help each year. Marijuana use among tobacco users is common and may impede quitting, but co- ...

Abstract	Introduction: Tobacco kills over half a million adults annually in the United States. Most smokers want to quit, and over 400,000 call state-funded quitlines for help each year. Marijuana use among tobacco users is common and may impede quitting, but co-use rates among quitline callers are unknown. The purpose of our observational study was to describe marijuana use among quitline callers in states with legalized marijuana. Methods: Participants were 1,059 smokers aged 21 or older from Oregon, Alaska, and Washington, DC, who called quitlines from September through December 2016. Data on quitline callers' demographics, tobacco and marijuana use, and quitline use were collected. We used χ Result: Among quitline callers in our study, 24% reported using marijuana in the past 30 days: 28.9% in Alaska, 16.7% in Washington, DC, and 25.0% in Oregon (P = .009). Current users, compared with non-users (n = 772), were less likely to be women (48.4% vs 62.0%, respectively, P < .001). Current marijuana users were less likely to be given nicotine replacement therapy (68.4%) than current nonusers (74.1%) (P < .001), but more likely to complete 3 or more counseling calls (P = .005). Of those who used marijuana in the past 30 days, 62.3% used marijuana on 1 to 19 days, 9.0% used on 20 to 29 days, and 28.7% on all 30 days. Among current marijuana users, the percentage who wanted to quit or reduce marijuana use (42.6%) was higher in Alaska (54.6%) and the District of Columbia (56.8%) than in Oregon (37.9%), P = .03. Conclusion: One in 4 quitline callers reported past 30-day marijuana use. Given that nearly half (43%) wanted to reduce marijuana use, addressing co-use may be an important addition to quitline treatment. Future studies should assess co-use effects on tobacco cessation outcomes and explore combined treatment or bidirectional referrals between quitlines and marijuana treatment providers.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alaska ; Counseling ; District of Columbia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Use ; Oregon ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Use ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd17.200110
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Article ; Online: The effect of tobacco cessation on weight gain, obesity, and diabetes risk.

Bush, Terry / Lovejoy, Jennifer C / Deprey, Mona / Carpenter, Kelly M

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2016 Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 1834–1841

Abstract: Objective: Most smokers gain weight after quitting, and some develop new onset obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the current science investigating the consequences of tobacco cessation on body weight and diabetes, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Most smokers gain weight after quitting, and some develop new onset obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the current science investigating the consequences of tobacco cessation on body weight and diabetes, as well as intervention strategies that minimize or prevent weight gain while still allowing for successful tobacco cessation. Methods: Systematic reviews and relevant studies that were published since prior reviews were selected. Results: Smoking cessation can cause excessive weight gain in some individuals and can be associated with clinically significant outcomes such as diabetes or obesity onset. Interventions that combine smoking cessation and weight control can be effective for improving cessation and minimizing weight gain but need to be tested in specific populations. Conclusions: Despite the health benefits of quitting tobacco, post-cessation weight gain and new onset obesity and diabetes are a significant concern. Promising interventions may need to be more widely applied to reduce the consequences of both obesity and tobacco use.
MeSH term(s)	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/etiology ; Risk ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking Prevention ; Tobacco Use Cessation ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Weight Gain
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.21582
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Article ; Online: Impact of a novel oral health promotion program on routine oral hygiene among socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers: results from a randomized semi-pragmatic trial.

McClure, Jennifer B / Anderson, Melissa L / Krakauer, Chloe / Blasi, Paula / Bush, Terry / Nelson, Jennifer / Catz, Sheryl L

Translational behavioral medicine

2019 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 469–477

Abstract: Smokers are at high risk of oral disease and report sub-optimal oral hygiene. Improving smokers' oral hygiene could reduce their future disease risk. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a novel, multi-modal oral health promotion program ...

Abstract	Smokers are at high risk of oral disease and report sub-optimal oral hygiene. Improving smokers' oral hygiene could reduce their future disease risk. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a novel, multi-modal oral health promotion program (Oral Health 4 Life; OH4L) targeted to socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers and delivered through state-funded tobacco quitlines. Smokers (n = 718) were randomized to standard quitline care or standard care plus OH4L. OH4L recipients received a comprehensive behavioral intervention and were advised of the benefits of routine oral hygiene, encouraged to brush and floss daily (for better oral health and to manage cigarette cravings), and provided a toothbrush and floss. Participants were followed for 6 months to assess the intervention effects on routine oral hygiene (brushing and flossing) and changes in motivation and self-efficacy. Data were collected between 2015 and 2017. At 2-month follow-up, OH4L participants were more likely to meet the American Dental Association (ADA) recommendations for brushing twice daily (adjusted RR = 1.15 [1.04, 1.27], p = .006), flossing daily (adjusted RR = 1.20 [1.03, 1.39], p = .02), and for both brushing and flossing (adjusted RR = 1.33 [1.10, 1.61], p = .003). Daily flossing was more likely at 6-month follow-up (adjusted RR = 1.21 [1.04, 1.42], p = .02) among OH4L participants. The change in self-efficacy and motivation for daily flossing from baseline to 2 months was significantly greater among OH4L participants and mediated the intervention effect on flossing at 6 months. Integrating oral hygiene promotion with standard tobacco quitline services improved oral health self-care.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Smokers ; United States ; Vulnerable Populations
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Pragmatic Clinical Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2586893-7
ISSN	1613-9860 ; 1869-6716
ISSN (online)	1613-9860
ISSN	1869-6716
DOI	10.1093/tbm/ibz009
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Article ; Online: Predictors of engagement in post-discharge quitline counseling among hospitalized smokers.

Scheuermann, Taneisha S / Preacher, Kristopher J / Carlini, Beatriz H / Bush, Terry / Magnusson, Brooke / Nazir, Niaman / Richter, Kimber P

Journal of behavioral medicine

2018 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 139–149

Abstract: Quitlines provide evidence-based tobacco treatment and multiple calls yield higher quit rates. This study aimed to identify subgroups of smokers with greater quitline engagement following referral during hospitalization. Data were from a randomized ... ...

Abstract	Quitlines provide evidence-based tobacco treatment and multiple calls yield higher quit rates. This study aimed to identify subgroups of smokers with greater quitline engagement following referral during hospitalization. Data were from a randomized clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of fax referral (referral faxed to proactive quitline) versus warm handoff (patient connected to quitline at bedside) (n = 1054). Classification and regression trees analyses evaluated individual and treatment/health system-related variables and their interactions. Among all participants, warm handoff, higher ratings of the tobacco treatment care transition, and being older predicted completing more quitline calls. Among patients enrolled in the quitline, higher transition of care ratings, being older, and use of cessation medication post-discharge predicted completing more calls. Three of the four factors influencing engagement were characteristics of treatment within the hospital (quality of tobacco treatment care transition and referral method) and therapy (use of cessation medications), suggesting potential targets to increase quitline engagement post-discharge.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Counseling ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Discharge ; Referral and Consultation ; Smokers/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Transitional Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	441827-x
ISSN	1573-3521 ; 0160-7715
ISSN (online)	1573-3521
ISSN	0160-7715
DOI	10.1007/s10865-018-9951-6
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Article ; Online: Factors associated with future dental care utilization among low-income smokers overdue for dental visits.

Blasi, Paula R / Krakauer, Chloe / Anderson, Melissa L / Nelson, Jennifer / Bush, Terry / Catz, Sheryl L / McClure, Jennifer B

BMC oral health

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 183

Abstract: Background: Smokers are at increased risk of oral disease. While routine dental care can help prevent and treat oral health problems, smokers have far lower rates of dental care utilization compared with non-smokers. We sought to better understand which ...

Abstract	Background: Smokers are at increased risk of oral disease. While routine dental care can help prevent and treat oral health problems, smokers have far lower rates of dental care utilization compared with non-smokers. We sought to better understand which factors may facilitate or hinder dental care utilization among low-income smokers participating in a randomized intervention trial in order to inform future intervention planning. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data collected between 2015 and 2017 as part of the OralHealth4Life trial. Participants were eligible callers to the Louisiana, Nebraska, and Oregon state tobacco quitlines who had no dental appointment in the prior or upcoming six months. We examined the association between participants' baseline characteristics and their receiving professional dental care between baseline and the 6-month follow-up survey. Results: Participants were racially diverse (42% non-White) and two-thirds had an annual household income under $20,000. Most (86.7%) had not had a dental cleaning in more than one year. Commonly cited barriers to dental care included cost (83.7%) and no dental insurance (78.1%). Those with dental insurance were more likely to see a dentist at follow-up (RR 1.66). Similarly, those reporting a dental insurance barrier to care were less likely to see a dentist at follow-up (RR 0.69); however, there was no significant utilization difference between those reporting a cost barrier vs. those who did not. After controlling for these financial factors, the following baseline characteristics were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of dental care utilization at 6 months: higher motivation (RR 2.16) and self-efficacy (RR 1.80) to visit the dentist, having a disability (RR 1.63), having a higher education level (RR 1.52), and having perceived gum disease (RR 1.49). Factors significantly associated with a lower likelihood of dental care utilization included being married (RR 0.68) and not having a last dental cleaning within the past year (RR 0.47). Conclusions: Our findings provide important insight into factors that may facilitate or deter use of professional dental care among low-income smokers. This information could inform the development of future interventions to promote dental care utilization. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02347124 registered 27 January 2015.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Dental Care/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Louisiana ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nebraska ; Oregon ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Poverty ; Risk Factors ; Smokers
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-018-0646-8
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Article ; Online: Oral Health Promotion and Smoking Cessation Program Delivered via Tobacco Quitlines: The Oral Health 4 Life Trial.

McClure, Jennifer B / Bush, Terry / Anderson, Melissa L / Blasi, Paula / Thompson, Ella / Nelson, Jennifer / Catz, Sheryl L

American journal of public health

2018 Volume 108, Issue 5, Page(s) 689–695

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the effects of a novel oral health promotion program (Oral Health 4 Life; OH4L) delivered through state-funded tobacco quitlines.: Methods: Using a semipragmatic design to balance experimental control and generalizability, we ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To assess the effects of a novel oral health promotion program (Oral Health 4 Life; OH4L) delivered through state-funded tobacco quitlines. Methods: Using a semipragmatic design to balance experimental control and generalizability, we randomized US quitline callers (n = 718) to standard care or standard care plus OH4L. We followed participants for 6 months to assess effects on professional dental care and smoking abstinence. We collected data between 2015 and 2017. Results: Participants were racially diverse (42% non-White) and socioeconomically disadvantaged. Most (71%) reported fair or poor oral health, and all were overdue for routine dental care. At 6 months, professional dental care and abstinence did not significantly differ between arms, but abstinence favored the experimental arm and was significantly higher among experimental participants at 2 months in a complete case sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: OH4L was not effective for promoting dental care, but integrating oral health counseling with quitline counseling may offer some advantage for smoking cessation. Public Health Implications. We offer a model for conducting semipragmatic trials and partnering with tobacco quitlines to evaluate population-level public health interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Counseling ; Health Promotion/methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Oral Health ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention/methods ; Smoking Prevention/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2017.304279
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Article ; Online: Simultaneous vs. sequential treatment for smoking and weight management in tobacco quitlines: 6 and 12 month outcomes from a randomized trial.

Bush, Terry / Lovejoy, Jennifer / Javitz, Harold / Torres, Alula Jimenez / Wassum, Ken / Tan, Marcia M / Spring, Bonnie

BMC public health

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 678

Abstract: Background: Smoking cessation often results in weight gain which discourages many smokers from quitting and can increase health risks. Treatments to reduce cessation-related weight gain have been tested in highly controlled trials of in-person treatment, ...

Abstract	Background: Smoking cessation often results in weight gain which discourages many smokers from quitting and can increase health risks. Treatments to reduce cessation-related weight gain have been tested in highly controlled trials of in-person treatment, but have never been tested in a real-world setting, which has inhibited dissemination. Methods: The Best Quit Study (BQS) is a replication and "real world" translation using telephone delivery of a prior in-person efficacy trial. Design: randomized control trial in a quitline setting. Eligible smokers (n = 2540) were randomized to the standard 5-call quitline intervention or quitline plus simultaneous or sequential weight management. Regression analyses tested effectiveness of treatments on self-reported smoking abstinence and weight change at 6 and 12 months. Results: Study enrollees were from 10 commercial employer groups and three state quitlines. Participants were between ages 18-72, 65.8% female, 68.2% white; 23.0% Medicaid-insured, and 76.3% overweight/obese. The follow-up response rate was lower in the simultaneous group than the control group at 6 months (p = 0.01). While a completers analysis of 30-day point prevalence abstinence detected no differences among groups at 6 or 12 months, multiply imputed abstinence showed quit rate differences at 6 months for:simultaneous (40.3%) vs. sequential (48.3%), p = 0.034 and simultaneous vs. control (44.9%), p = 0.043. At 12 months, multiply imputed abstinence, was significantly lower for the simultaneous group (40.7%) vs. control (46.0%), p < 0.05 and vs. sequential (46.3%), p < 0.05. Weight gain at 6 and 12 months was minimal and not different among treatment groups. The sequential group completed fewer total calls (3.75) vs. control (4.16) and vs. simultaneous group (3.83), p = 0.01, and fewer weight calls (0.94) than simultaneous (2.33), p < 0.0001. The number of calls completed predicted 30-day abstinence, p < 0.001, but not weight outcomes. Discussion: This study offers a model for evaluating population-level public health interventions conducted in partnership with tobacco quitlines. Conclusions: Simultaneous (vs. sequential) delivery of phone/web weight management with cessation treatment in the quitline setting may adversely affect quit rate. Neither a simultaneous nor sequential approach to addressing weight produced any benefit on suppressing weight gain. This study highlights the need and the challenges of testing intensive interventions in real-world settings. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01867983 . Registered: May 30, 2013.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Counseling/methods ; Female ; Hotlines ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Overweight/prevention & control ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Prevention ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-018-5574-7
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