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Artikel: The COVID-19 Citizen Science Study: Protocol for a Longitudinal Digital Health Cohort Study.

Beatty, Alexis L / Peyser, Noah D / Butcher, Xochitl E / Carton, Thomas W / Olgin, Jeffrey E / Pletcher, Mark J / Marcus, Gregory M

JMIR research protocols

2021 Band 10, Heft 8, Seite(n) e28169

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed a global public response and innovation in clinical study methods.: Objective: The COVID-19 Citizen Science study was designed to generate knowledge about participant-reported COVID-19 symptoms, ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed a global public response and innovation in clinical study methods. Objective: The COVID-19 Citizen Science study was designed to generate knowledge about participant-reported COVID-19 symptoms, behaviors, and disease occurrence. Methods: COVID-19 Citizen Science is a longitudinal cohort study launched on March 26, 2020, on the Eureka Research Platform. This study illustrates important advances in digital clinical studies, including entirely digital study participation, targeted recruitment strategies, electronic consent, recurrent and time-updated assessments, integration with smartphone-based measurements, analytics for recruitment and engagement, connection with partner studies, novel engagement strategies such as participant-proposed questions, and feedback in the form of real-time results to participants. Results: As of February 2021, the study has enrolled over 50,000 participants. Study enrollment and participation are ongoing. Over the lifetime of the study, an average of 59% of participants have completed at least one survey in the past 4 weeks. Conclusions: Insights about COVID-19 symptoms, behaviors, and disease occurrence can be drawn through digital clinical studies. Continued innovation in digital clinical study methods represents the future of clinical research. International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/28169.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-08-30
Erscheinungsland	Canada
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2719222-2
ISSN	1929-0748
ISSN	1929-0748
DOI	10.2196/28169
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccine Type and Adverse Effects Following Vaccination.

Beatty, Alexis L / Peyser, Noah D / Butcher, Xochitl E / Cocohoba, Jennifer M / Lin, Feng / Olgin, Jeffrey E / Pletcher, Mark J / Marcus, Gregory M

JAMA network open

2021 Band 4, Heft 12, Seite(n) e2140364

Abstract: Importance: Little is known about the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects in a real-world population.: Objective: To evaluate factors potentially associated with participant-reported adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination.: ...

Abstract	Importance: Little is known about the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects in a real-world population. Objective: To evaluate factors potentially associated with participant-reported adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccination. Design, setting, and participants: The COVID-19 Citizen Science Study, an online cohort study, includes adults aged 18 years and older with a smartphone or internet access. Participants complete daily, weekly, and monthly surveys on health and COVID-19-related events. This analysis includes participants who provided consent between March 26, 2020, and May 19, 2021, and received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose. Exposures: Participant-reported COVID-19 vaccination. Main outcomes and measures: Participant-reported adverse effects and adverse effect severity. Candidate factors in multivariable logistic regression models included age, sex, race, ethnicity, subjective social status, prior COVID-19 infection, medical conditions, substance use, vaccine dose, and vaccine brand. Results: The 19 586 participants had a median (IQR) age of 54 (38-66) years, and 13 420 (68.8%) were women. Allergic reaction or anaphylaxis was reported in 26 of 8680 participants (0.3%) after 1 dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine, 27 of 11 141 (0.2%) after 2 doses of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine or 1 dose of the JNJ-78436735 (Johnson & Johnson) vaccine. The strongest factors associated with adverse effects were vaccine dose (2 doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 or 1 dose of JNJ-78436735 vs 1 dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273; odds ratio [OR], 3.10; 95% CI, 2.89-3.34; P < .001), vaccine brand (mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2, OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.86-2.15; P < .001; JNJ-78436735 vs BNT162b2: OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.79; P < .001), age (per 10 years: OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.72-0.76; P < .001), female sex (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.53-1.78; P < .001), and having had COVID-19 before vaccination (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.77-2.66; P < .001). Conclusions and relevance: In this real-world cohort, serious COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects were rare and comparisons across brands could be made, revealing that full vaccination dose, vaccine brand, younger age, female sex, and having had COVID-19 before vaccination were associated with greater odds of adverse effects. Large digital cohort studies may provide a mechanism for independent postmarket surveillance of drugs and devices.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/administration & dosage ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/adverse effects ; Ad26COVS1/administration & dosage ; Ad26COVS1/adverse effects ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Anaphylaxis/chemically induced ; BNT162 Vaccine/administration & dosage ; BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Factors
Chemische Substanzen	Ad26COVS1 ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 (EPK39PL4R4) ; BNT162 Vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-12-01
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40364
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Simultaneous detection of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes with the open source, cloud-based, CZ ID pipeline.

Lu, Dan / Kalantar, Katrina L / Chu, Victoria T / Glascock, Abigail L / Guerrero, Estella S / Bernick, Nina / Butcher, Xochitl / Ewing, Kirsty / Fahsbender, Elizabeth / Holmes, Olivia / Hoops, Erin / Jones, Ann E / Lim, Ryan / McCanny, Suzette / Reynoso, Lucia / Rosario, Karyna / Tang, Jennifer / Valenzuela, Omar / Mourani, Peter M /

Pickering, Amy J / Raphenya, Amogelang R / Alcock, Brian P / McArthur, Andrew G / Langelier, Charles R

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens represent urgent threats to human health, and their surveillance is of paramount importance. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has revolutionized such efforts, but remains challenging due to the lack of ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens represent urgent threats to human health, and their surveillance is of paramount importance. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has revolutionized such efforts, but remains challenging due to the lack of open-access bioinformatics tools capable of simultaneously analyzing both microbial and AMR gene sequences. To address this need, we developed the Chan Zuckerberg ID (CZ ID) AMR module, an open-access, cloud-based workflow designed to integrate detection of both microbes and AMR genes in mNGS and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. It leverages the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database and associated Resistance Gene Identifier software, and works synergistically with the CZ ID short-read mNGS module to enable broad detection of both microbes and AMR genes. We highlight diverse applications of the AMR module through analysis of both publicly available and newly generated mNGS and WGS data from four clinical cohort studies and an environmental surveillance project. Through genomic investigations of bacterial sepsis and pneumonia cases, hospital outbreaks, and wastewater surveillance data, we gain a deeper understanding of infectious agents and their resistomes, highlighting the value of integrating microbial identification and AMR profiling for both research and public health. We leverage additional functionalities of the CZ ID mNGS platform to couple resistome profiling with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships between nosocomial pathogens, and further demonstrate the potential to capture the longitudinal dynamics of pathogen and AMR genes in hospital acquired bacterial infections. In sum, the new AMR module advances the capabilities of the open-access CZ ID microbial bioinformatics platform by integrating pathogen detection and AMR profiling from mNGS and WGS data. Its development represents a critical step toward democratizing pathogen genomic analysis and supporting collaborative efforts to combat the growing threat of AMR.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-04-18
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.04.12.589250
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Simultaneous detection of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes with the open source, cloud-based, CZ ID pipeline.

Research square

2024

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens represent urgent threats to human health, and their surveillance is of paramount importance. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has revolutionized such efforts, but remains challenging due to the lack of open-access bioinformatics tools capable of simultaneously analyzing both microbial and AMR gene sequences. To address this need, we developed the CZ ID AMR module, an open-access, cloud-based workflow designed to integrate detection of both microbes and AMR genes in mNGS and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. It leverages the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database and associated Resistance Gene Identifier software, and works synergistically with the CZ ID short-read mNGS module to enable broad detection of both microbes and AMR genes. We highlight diverse applications of the AMR module through analysis of both publicly available and newly generated mNGS and WGS data from four clinical cohort studies and an environmental surveillance project. Through genomic investigations of bacterial sepsis and pneumonia cases, hospital outbreaks, and wastewater surveillance data, we gain a deeper understanding of infectious agents and their resistomes, highlighting the value of integrating microbial identification and AMR profiling for both research and public health. We leverage additional functionalities of the CZ ID mNGS platform to couple resistome profiling with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships between nosocomial pathogens, and further demonstrate the potential to capture the longitudinal dynamics of pathogen and AMR genes in hospital acquired bacterial infections. In sum, the new AMR module advances the capabilities of the open-access CZ ID microbial bioinformatics platform by integrating pathogen detection and AMR profiling from mNGS and WGS data. Its development represents a critical step toward democratizing pathogen genomic analysis and supporting collaborative efforts to combat the growing threat of AMR.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-05-02
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-4271356/v1
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Remote Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Eastman, Jennifer A / Kaup, Allison R / Bahorik, Amber L / Butcher, Xochitl / Attarha, Mouna / Marcus, Gregory M / Pletcher, Mark J / Olgin, Jeffrey E / Barnes, Deborah E / Yaffe, Kristine

JMIR formative research

2022 Band 6, Heft 2, Seite(n) e30410

Abstract: Background: Adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) are also at increased risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. However, it is often difficult to study the relationships between CVRFs and cognitive function because cognitive ...

Abstract	Background: Adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) are also at increased risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. However, it is often difficult to study the relationships between CVRFs and cognitive function because cognitive assessment typically requires time-consuming in-person neuropsychological evaluations that may not be feasible for real-world situations. Objective: We conducted a proof-of-concept study to determine if the association between CVRFs and cognitive function could be detected using web-based, self-administered cognitive tasks and CVRF assessment. Methods: We recruited 239 participants aged ≥50 years (mean age 62.7 years, SD 8.8; 42.7% [n=102] female, 88.7% [n=212] White) who were enrolled in the Health eHeart Study, a web-based platform focused on cardiac disease. The participants self-reported CVRFs (hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation) using web-based health surveys between August 2016 and July 2018. After an average of 3 years of follow-up, we remotely evaluated episodic memory, working memory, and executive function via the web-based Posit Science platform, BrainHQ. Raw data were normalized and averaged into 3 domain scores. We used linear regression models to examine the association between CVRFs and cognitive function. Results: CVRF prevalence was 62.8% (n=150) for high cholesterol, 45.2% (n=108) for hypertension, 10.9% (n=26) for atrial fibrillation, and 7.5% (n=18) for diabetes. In multivariable models, atrial fibrillation was associated with worse working memory (β=-.51, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.11) and worse episodic memory (β=-.31, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.04); hypertension was associated with worse episodic memory (β=-.27, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.11). Diabetes and high cholesterol were not associated with cognitive performance. Conclusions: Self-administered web-based tools can be used to detect both CVRFs and cognitive health. We observed that atrial fibrillation and hypertension were associated with worse cognitive function even in those in their 60s and 70s. The potential of mobile assessments to detect risk factors for cognitive aging merits further investigation.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-02-02
Erscheinungsland	Canada
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2561-326X
ISSN (online)	2561-326X
DOI	10.2196/30410
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Prospective arrhythmia surveillance after a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Dewland, Thomas A / Whitman, Isaac R / Win, Sithu / Sanchez, Jose M / Olgin, Jeffrey E / Pletcher, Mark J / Santhosh, Lekshmi / Kumar, Uday / Joyce, Sean / Yang, Vivian / Hwang, Janet / Ogomori, Kelsey / Peyser, Noah / Horner, Cathy / Wen, David / Butcher, Xochitl / Marcus, Gregory M

Open heart

2022 Band 9, Heft 1

Abstract: Background: Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed among patients hospitalised with acute COVID-19 infection, and palpitations remain a common symptom among the much larger outpatient population of COVID-19 survivors in the convalescent stage of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiac arrhythmias have been observed among patients hospitalised with acute COVID-19 infection, and palpitations remain a common symptom among the much larger outpatient population of COVID-19 survivors in the convalescent stage of the disease. Objective: To determine arrhythmia prevalence among outpatients after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods: Adults with a positive COVID-19 test and without a history of arrhythmia were prospectively evaluated with 14-day ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Participants were instructed to trigger the monitor for palpitations. Results: A total of 51 individuals (mean age 42±11 years, 65% women) underwent monitoring at a median 75 (IQR 34-126) days after a positive COVID-19 test. Median monitoring duration was 13.2 (IQR 10.5-13.8) days. No participant demonstrated atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), sustained ventricular tachycardia or infranodal atrioventricular block. Nearly all participants (96%) had an ectopic burden of <1%; one participant had a 2.8% supraventricular ectopic burden and one had a 15.4% ventricular ectopic burden. While 47 (92%) participants triggered their monitor for palpitation symptoms, 78% of these triggers were for either sinus rhythm or sinus tachycardia. Conclusions: We did not find evidence of malignant or sustained arrhythmias in outpatients after a positive COVID-19 diagnosis. While palpitations were common, symptoms frequently corresponded to sinus rhythm/sinus tachycardia or non-malignant arrhythmias such as isolated ectopy or non-sustained SVT. While these findings cannot exclude the possibility of serious arrhythmias in select individuals, they do not support a strong or widespread proarrhythmic effect of COVID-19 infection after resolution of acute illness.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/virology ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pandemics ; Population Surveillance ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-01-12
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2053-3624
ISSN	2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/openhrt-2021-001758
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Predictors of incident viral symptoms ascertained in the era of COVID-19.

Marcus, Gregory M / Olgin, Jeffrey E / Peyser, Noah D / Vittinghoff, Eric / Yang, Vivian / Joyce, Sean / Avram, Robert / Tison, Geoffrey H / Wen, David / Butcher, Xochitl / Eitel, Helena / Pletcher, Mark J

PloS one

2021 Band 16, Heft 6, Seite(n) e0253120

Abstract: Background: In the absence of universal testing, effective therapies, or vaccines, identifying risk factors for viral infection, particularly readily modifiable exposures and behaviors, is required to identify effective strategies against viral ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the absence of universal testing, effective therapies, or vaccines, identifying risk factors for viral infection, particularly readily modifiable exposures and behaviors, is required to identify effective strategies against viral infection and transmission. Methods: We conducted a world-wide mobile application-based prospective cohort study available to English speaking adults with a smartphone. We collected self-reported characteristics, exposures, and behaviors, as well as smartphone-based geolocation data. Our main outcome was incident symptoms of viral infection, defined as fevers and chills plus one other symptom previously shown to occur with SARS-CoV-2 infection, determined by daily surveys. Findings: Among 14, 335 participants residing in all 50 US states and 93 different countries followed for a median 21 days (IQR 10-26 days), 424 (3%) developed incident viral symptoms. In pooled multivariable logistic regression models, female biological sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.39-2.20, p<0.001), anemia (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.16-1.81, p = 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.08-1.68, p = 0.007), cigarette smoking in the last 30 days (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.35-2.55, p<0.001), any viral symptoms among household members 6-12 days prior (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.67-2.55, p<0.001), and the maximum number of individuals the participant interacted with within 6 feet in the past 6-12 days (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25, p<0.001) were each associated with a higher risk of developing viral symptoms. Conversely, a higher subjective social status (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.93, p<0.001), at least weekly exercise (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47-0.70, p<0.001), and sanitizing one's phone (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63-0.99, p = 0.037) were each associated with a lower risk of developing viral symptoms. Interpretation: While several immutable characteristics were associated with the risk of developing viral symptoms, multiple immediately modifiable exposures and habits that influence risk were also observed, potentially identifying readily accessible strategies to mitigate risk in the COVID-19 era.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-06-17
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0253120
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Individualized Studies of Triggers of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The I-STOP-AFib Randomized Clinical Trial.

Marcus, Gregory M / Modrow, Madelaine Faulkner / Schmid, Christopher H / Sigona, Kathi / Nah, Gregory / Yang, Jiabei / Chu, Tzu-Chun / Joyce, Sean / Gettabecha, Shiffen / Ogomori, Kelsey / Yang, Vivian / Butcher, Xochitl / Hills, Mellanie True / McCall, Debbe / Sciarappa, Kathleen / Sim, Ida / Pletcher, Mark J / Olgin, Jeffrey E

JAMA cardiology

2021 Band 7, Heft 2, Seite(n) 167–174

Abstract: Importance: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. Although patients have reported that various exposures determine when and if an AF event will occur, a prospective evaluation of patient-selected triggers has not been conducted, and ... ...

Abstract	Importance: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. Although patients have reported that various exposures determine when and if an AF event will occur, a prospective evaluation of patient-selected triggers has not been conducted, and the utility of characterizing presumed AF-related triggers for individual patients remains unknown. Objective: To test the hypothesis that n-of-1 trials of self-selected AF triggers would enhance AF-related quality of life. Design, setting, and participants: A randomized clinical trial lasting a minimum of 10 weeks tested a smartphone mobile application used by symptomatic patients with paroxysmal AF who owned a smartphone and were interested in testing a presumed AF trigger. Participants were screened between December 22, 2018, and March 29, 2020. Interventions: n-of-1 Participants received instructions to expose or avoid self-selected triggers in random 1-week blocks for 6 weeks, and the probability their trigger influenced AF risk was then communicated. Controls monitored their AF over the same time period. Main outcomes and measures: AF was assessed daily by self-report and using a smartphone-based electrocardiogram recording device. The primary outcome comparing n-of-1 and control groups was the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life (AFEQT) score at 10 weeks. All participants could subsequently opt for additional trigger testing. Results: Of 446 participants who initiated (mean [SD] age, 58 [14] years; 289 men [58%]; 461 White [92%]), 320 (72%) completed all study activities. Self-selected triggers included caffeine (n = 53), alcohol (n = 43), reduced sleep (n = 31), exercise (n = 30), lying on left side (n = 17), dehydration (n = 10), large meals (n = 7), cold food or drink (n = 5), specific diets (n = 6), and other customized triggers (n = 4). No significant differences in AFEQT scores were observed between the n-of-1 vs AF monitoring-only groups. In the 4-week postintervention follow-up period, significantly fewer daily AF episodes were reported after trigger testing compared with controls over the same time period (adjusted relative risk, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43- 0.83; P < .001). In a meta-analysis of the individualized trials, only exposure to alcohol was associated with significantly heightened risks of AF events. Conclusions and relevance: n-of-1 Testing of AF triggers did not improve AF-associated quality of life but was associated with a reduction in AF events. Acute exposure to alcohol increased AF risk, with no evidence that other exposures, including caffeine, more commonly triggered AF. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03323099.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Atrial Fibrillation/etiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology ; Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control ; Caffeine/adverse effects ; Cold Temperature/adverse effects ; Dehydration/complications ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise/adverse effects ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Positioning/adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Self Report ; Single-Case Studies as Topic ; Sleep ; Smartphone ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Chemische Substanzen	Caffeine (3G6A5W338E)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-11-13
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2380-6591
ISSN (online)	2380-6591
DOI	10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5010
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Predictors of incident SARS-CoV-2 infections in an international prospective cohort study.

Lin, Anthony / Vittinghoff, Eric / Olgin, Jeffrey / Peyser, Noah / Aung, Sidney / Joyce, Sean / Yang, Vivian / Hwang, Janet / Avram, Robert / Nah, Gregory / Tison, Geoffrey H / Beatty, Alexis / Runge, Ryan / Wen, David / Butcher, Xochitl / Horner, Cathy / Eitel, Helena / Pletcher, Mark / Marcus, Gregory M

BMJ open

2021 Band 11, Heft 9, Seite(n) e052025

Abstract: Objective: Until effective treatments and vaccines are made readily and widely available, preventative behavioural health measures will be central to the SARS-CoV-2 public health response. While current recommendations are grounded in general infectious ...

Abstract	Objective: Until effective treatments and vaccines are made readily and widely available, preventative behavioural health measures will be central to the SARS-CoV-2 public health response. While current recommendations are grounded in general infectious disease prevention practices, it is still not entirely understood which particular behaviours or exposures meaningfully affect one's own risk of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our objective is to identify individual-level factors associated with one's personal risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Design: Prospective cohort study of adult participants from 26 March 2020 to 8 October 2020. Setting: The COVID-19 Citizen Science Study, an international, community and mobile-based study collecting daily, weekly and monthly surveys in a prospective and time-updated manner. Participants: All adult participants over the age of 18 years were eligible for enrolment. Primary outcome measure: The primary outcome was incident SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed via PCR or antigen testing. Results: 28 575 unique participants contributed 2 479 149 participant-days of data across 99 different countries. Of these participants without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of enrolment, 112 developed an incident infection. Pooled logistic regression models showed that increased age was associated with lower risk (OR 0.98 per year, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00, p=0.019), whereas increased number of non-household contacts (OR 1.10 per 10 contacts, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20, p=0.024), attending events of at least 10 people (OR 1.26 per 10 events, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.50, p=0.007) and restaurant visits (OR 1.95 per 10 visits, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.68, p<0.001) were associated with significantly higher risk of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Our study identified three modifiable health behaviours, namely the number of non-household contacts, attending large gatherings and restaurant visits, which may meaningfully influence individual-level risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-09-21
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052025
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: HLA-B*15:01 is associated with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Augusto, Danillo G / Yusufali, Tasneem / Peyser, Noah D / Butcher, Xochitl / Marcus, Gregory M / Olgin, Jeffrey E / Pletcher, Mark J / Maiers, Martin / Hollenbach, Jill A

medRxiv

Abstract: Background. Evidence has shown that a large proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals do not experience symptomatic disease. Owing to its critical role in immune response, we hypothesized that variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may ... ...

Abstract	Background. Evidence has shown that a large proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals do not experience symptomatic disease. Owing to its critical role in immune response, we hypothesized that variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may underly asymptomatic infection. Methods. We enrolled 29,947 individuals registered in the National Marrow Donor Program for whom high-resolution HLA genotyping data were available in a smartphone-based study designed to track COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. Among 21,893 individuals who completed the baseline survey, our discovery (N=640) and replication (N=788) cohorts were comprised of self-identified White subjects who reported a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2. We tested for association of five HLA loci (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1) with asymptomatic vs. symptomatic infection. Results. HLA-B15:01 was significantly increased in asymptomatic individuals in the discovery cohort compared to symptomatic (OR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.38-4.24, p = 0.0016, pcorr = 0.048), and we reproduced this association in the replication cohort (OR= 2.32; 95%CI = 1.10-4.43, p = 0.017). We found robust association of HLA-B15:01 in the combined dataset (OR=2.40 95% CI = 1.54-3.64; p = 5.67 x10-5) and observed that homozygosity of this allele increases more than eight times the chance of remaining asymptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR = 8.58, 95%CI = 1.74-34.43, p = 0.003). Finally, we demonstrated the association of HLA-B15:01 with asymptomatic SARS-Cov-2 infection is enhanced by the presence of HLA-DRB104:01 Conclusion. HLA-B*15:01 is strongly associated with asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is likely to be involved in the mechanism underlying early viral clearance.
Schlagwörter	covid19
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-05-17
Verlag	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.05.13.21257065
Datenquelle	COVID19

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