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Article ; Online: Axenic green microalgae for the treatment of textile effluent and the production of biofuel: a promising sustainable approach.

Pandey, Ashutosh / Kant, Gaurav / Chaudhary, Ashvani / Amesho, Kaissan T T / Reddy, Karen / Bux, Faizal

World journal of microbiology & biotechnology

2024 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 81

Abstract: An integrated approach to nutrient recycling utilizing microalgae could provide feasible solutions for both environmental control and energy production. In this study, an axenic microalgae strain, Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 was evaluated for its ... ...

Abstract	An integrated approach to nutrient recycling utilizing microalgae could provide feasible solutions for both environmental control and energy production. In this study, an axenic microalgae strain, Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 was evaluated for its potential as a biofuel feedstock and textile wastewater (TWW) treatment. The microalgae isolate was grown on TWW supplemented with different proportions of standard BG-11 medium varying from 0 to 100% (v/v). The results showed that TWW supplemented with 20% (v/v) BG11 medium demonstrated promising results in terms of Chlorella sorokiniana ASK25 biomass (3.80 g L
MeSH term(s)	Biofuels ; Microalgae ; Chlorella ; Fatty Acids ; Textiles
Chemical Substances	Biofuels ; Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1499109-3
ISSN	1573-0972 ; 0959-3993
ISSN (online)	1573-0972
ISSN	0959-3993
DOI	10.1007/s11274-023-03863-2
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Article ; Online: Anthelmintic resistance in soil-transmitted helminths: One-Health considerations.

Ng'etich, Annette Imali / Amoah, Isaac Dennis / Bux, Faizal / Kumari, Sheena

Parasitology research

2023 Volume 123, Issue 1, Page(s) 62

Abstract: The One-Health approach recognizes the intricate connection between human, animal, and environmental health, and that cooperative effort from various professionals provides comprehensive awareness and potential solutions for issues relating to the health ...

Abstract	The One-Health approach recognizes the intricate connection between human, animal, and environmental health, and that cooperative effort from various professionals provides comprehensive awareness and potential solutions for issues relating to the health of people, animals, and the environment. This approach has increasingly gained appeal as the standard strategy for tackling emerging infectious diseases, most of which are zoonoses. Treatment with anthelmintics (AHs) without a doubt minimizes the severe consequences of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs); however, evidence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) development to different helminths of practically every animal species and the distinct groups of AHs is overwhelming globally. In this regard, the correlation between the application of anthelmintic drugs in both human and animal populations and the consequent development of anthelmintic resistance in STHs within the context of a One-Health framework is explored. This review provides an overview of the major human and animal STHs, treatment of the STHs, AR development and drug-related factors contributing towards AR, One-Health and STHs, and an outline of some One-Health strategies that may be used in combating AR.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Helminthiasis/drug therapy ; Helminthiasis/prevention & control ; Helminthiasis/parasitology ; Soil/parasitology ; One Health ; Anthelmintics/pharmacology ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Helminths
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Anthelmintics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	284966-5
ISSN	1432-1955 ; 0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
ISSN (online)	1432-1955
ISSN	0932-0113 ; 0044-3255
DOI	10.1007/s00436-023-08088-8
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Article ; Online: A probabilistic assessment of microbial infection risks due to occupational exposure to wastewater in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant.

Amoah, Isaac Dennis / Kumari, Sheena / Bux, Faizal

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 843, Page(s) 156849

Abstract: Exposure to pathogens during wastewater treatment could result in significant health risks. In this paper, a probabilistic approach for assessing the risks of microbial infection for workers in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant is presented. ...

Abstract	Exposure to pathogens during wastewater treatment could result in significant health risks. In this paper, a probabilistic approach for assessing the risks of microbial infection for workers in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant is presented. A number of exposure routes were modelled, including hand-to-mouth and droplet ingestion of untreated wastewater, droplet ingestion and inhalation of aerosols after secondary treatment, and ingestion of sludge during drying. Almost all workers exposed to untreated wastewater could be infected with the three selected potential pathogens of pathogenic E. coli, Norovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. Hand-to-mouth ingestion is the single most significant route of exposure at the head of works. There is also a risk of infections resulting from ingestion of droplets or inhalation of aerosols at the aeration tanks or contaminated hands at the clarifiers during secondary wastewater treatment. For sludge, the risks of infection with Norovirus was found to be the highest due to accidental ingestion (median risks of 2.2 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology ; Cryptosporidium ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Norovirus ; Occupational Exposure ; Risk Assessment ; Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Sewage ; Waste Water
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156849
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Article: Photosynthesis and pigment production: elucidation of the interactive effects of nutrients and light on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Mogany, Trisha / Bhola, Virthie / Ramanna, Luveshan / Bux, Faizal

Bioprocess and biosystems engineering. 2022 Jan., v. 45, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produces a variety of compounds that can be beneficial to human and animal health. Among these compounds, application of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, has gained considerable interest in numerous ...

Abstract	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produces a variety of compounds that can be beneficial to human and animal health. Among these compounds, application of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, has gained considerable interest in numerous industries. A better understanding on the interactive effects of essential nutrients and light on microalgal physiology and pigment production would be beneficial in improving cultivation strategies. Therefore, this study evaluated biomass, carotenoid and chlorophyll yield and the following fluorescence parameters: quantum yield in PS II [Y(II)] and electron transport rate (ETR) using response surface methodology (RSM). The Fᵥ/Fₘ, Y(NO) and Y(NPQ) were also monitored; however, no significant relationship was observed. From the investigation it was apparent that nitrogen and carbon; as well as the interactive effects of (nitrogen and carbon) and (carbon and light irradiance) were significant factors. The model predicted the optimum conditions for maximum carotenoids (8.15 ± 0.389 mg g⁻¹) were 08.7 mol l⁻¹ of nitrogen, 0.2 mol l⁻¹ and 50 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹ of light irradiance. While maximum chlorophyll (33.6 ± 0.854 mg g⁻¹) required a higher nitrogen (11.21 mol l⁻¹). The photosynthetic parameters [Y(II), ETR] was correlated with the primary pigments and biomass production. Increased photosynthetic activity was associated with high carbon and light. The Y(II)and ETR of PSII under these conditions were 0.2 and ~ 14, respectively. This approach was accurate in developing the model, optimizing factors and analysing interaction effects. This study served to provide a better understanding on the interactions between factors influencing pigment biosynthesis and photosynthetic performance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Keywords	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; animal and human health ; biomass production ; bioprocessing ; biosynthesis ; carbon ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; electron transfer ; fluorescence ; light intensity ; microalgae ; models ; nitrogen ; photons ; photosystem II ; response surface methodology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 187-201.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1476357-6
ISSN	1432-0797 ; 1615-7605 ; 1615-7591
ISSN (online)	1432-0797 ; 1615-7605
ISSN	1615-7591
DOI	10.1007/s00449-021-02651-2
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Article: A probabilistic assessment of microbial infection risks due to occupational exposure to wastewater in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant

Amoah, Isaac Dennis / Kumari, Sheena / Bux, Faizal

Science of the total environment. 2022 June 16,

2022

Abstract	Exposure to pathogens during wastewater treatment could result in significant health risks. In this paper, a probabilistic approach for assessing the risks of microbial infection for workers in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant is presented. A number of exposure routes were modelled, including hand-to-mouth and droplet ingestion of untreated wastewater, droplet ingestion and inhalation of aerosols after secondary treatment, and ingestion of sludge during drying. Almost all workers exposed to untreated wastewater could be infected with the three selected potential pathogens of pathogenic E. coli, Norovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. Hand-to-mouth ingestion is the single most significant route of exposure at the head of works. There is also a risk of infections resulting from ingestion of droplets or inhalation of aerosols at the aeration tanks or contaminated hands at the clarifiers during secondary wastewater treatment. For sludge, the risks of infection with Norovirus was found to be the highest due to accidental ingestion (median risks of 2.2 × 10⁻²(±3.3 × 10⁻³)). Regardless of the point and route of exposure, Norovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. presented the highest risks. The study finds that occupational exposure to wastewater at wastewater treatment plants can result in significant viral and protozoan infections. This risk assessment framework can be used to establish and measure the success of risk reduction measures in wastewater treatment plants. These measures could include the use of personal protective equipment and adherence to strict personal hygiene.
Keywords	Cryptosporidium ; Escherichia coli ; Norovirus ; Protozoa ; activated sludge ; aeration ; breathing ; droplets ; environment ; good hygiene practices ; ingestion ; occupational exposure ; probability analysis ; risk ; risk assessment process ; risk reduction ; safety equipment ; wastewater ; wastewater treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0616
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156849
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Article: Ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems in India: Science and practices

Singh, Kripal / Byun, Chaeho / Bux, Faizal

Ecological engineering. 2022 June 08,

2022

Abstract: India with 2.4% of total global land area is home for about 8% of global biological diversity. In providing goods and services to 18% of world's human population this megadiverse country is losing its biological wealth at an alarming rate. The ... ...

Abstract	India with 2.4% of total global land area is home for about 8% of global biological diversity. In providing goods and services to 18% of world's human population this megadiverse country is losing its biological wealth at an alarming rate. The degradation of terrestrial (forests, grasslands, agriculture, etc.) and aquatic (small to large fresh and marine water bodies) ecosystems has been the key factor in accelerating this irreversible and unrepairable loss. Although ecosystem restoration targets are well reflected in various programs and policies of India, the scientific insights and preparedness on this topic and critical analysis of this knowledge to guide policy initiatives for ecosystem restoration was lacking. Therefore, this editorial paper reviewed 22 papers, published in special issue on ‘Ecological Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems in India: Science and Practices’ in Ecological Engineering journal, to analyse the scientific knowledge to inform policy and practices towards achieving ecosystem restoration goals in India. Most studies in this special issue focus on providing solutions for restoration of different degraded ecosystems. A few of them are solving the dilemma of native and non-native species selection for reforestation and afforestation activities. One study provides insights on management of an invasive species in grassland ecosystems. Three studies suggest adopting conservation agriculture practices to enhance agricultural biodiversity, carbon sequestration and socio-economic benefits for marginal farmers. Two out of five papers dealing with aquatic ecosystems provide a framework to quantify the magnitude of degradation, other two propose restoration technologies for coastal zones on India and one assessing the effectiveness of relocating collar reef from degraded urban coasts to reference coastal sites.
Keywords	agricultural conservation practice ; agrobiodiversity ; carbon sequestration ; ecological restoration ; grasslands ; human population ; introduced species ; invasive species ; issues and policy ; reforestation ; socioeconomics ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0608
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1127407-4
ISSN	0925-8574
ISSN	0925-8574
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106708
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Article: Techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production over lipid extracted algae derived catalyst

Mustapha, Sherif Ishola / Bux, Faizal / Isa, Yusuf Makarfi

Biofuels. 2022 May 28, v. 13, no. 5

2022

Abstract: The utilization of algal biomass residue after lipid extraction for other purposes can lead to maximum usage of algal biomass and economically beneficial microalgal biodiesel technology. In this study, the performance and economic potential of the ... ...

Abstract	The utilization of algal biomass residue after lipid extraction for other purposes can lead to maximum usage of algal biomass and economically beneficial microalgal biodiesel technology. In this study, the performance and economic potential of the conversion of Scenedesmus sp. lipids to biodiesel over lipid extracted algae (LEA) derived catalysts were investigated. The lipid extracted algae (LEA) derived catalysts (Ni/C and Ni/Fe₃O₄-C) were synthesized by impregnation technique and characterized using different analytical tools. The biodiesel conversion of 96.43%, 98.5% and 95.12% was achieved using biochar (C), Ni/C, and Ni/Fe₃O₄-C respectively under the following conditions: reaction time (4 h), temperature (60 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (30:1) and catalyst dosage (15% w/w of oil). The findings from this study have shown that the use of lipid extracted algae derived catalysts reduced the unit production cost of microalgal biodiesel from 2.03 $/kg to (1.70–1.74 $/kg) when compared to homogeneous catalyst. Among the lipid extracted algae derived catalysts, the use of Ni/C catalyst gave the lowest unit production cost (1.70 $/kg) for biodiesel production from microalgae. The recyclability potential of the LEA derived catalysts could improve the economic viability of the process. The payback period in the range of 1.32 yr–5.57 yr obtained using LEA derived catalysts was below the lifespan of the project (10 years), suggesting that the proposed microalgal biodiesel production is economically feasible.
Keywords	Scenedesmus ; biochar ; biodiesel ; biomass ; catalysts ; economic feasibility ; economic sustainability ; lipids ; longevity ; methanol ; microalgae ; oils ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0528
Size	p. 663-674.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	1759-7277
DOI	10.1080/17597269.2021.1878577
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Article: Effects of antimicrobials in anammox mediated systems: critical review.

Zungu, Phumza Vuyokazi / Kosgey, Kiprotich / Kumari, Sheena / Bux, Faizal

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

2022 Volume 86, Issue 6, Page(s) 1551–1564

Abstract: Anammox-mediated systems are thought to be cost-effective and efficient technologies for removing nitrogen from wastewater by converting nitrite and ammonium into dinitrogen gas. However, there are inhibitory substances that reduce the effectiveness and ... ...

Abstract	Anammox-mediated systems are thought to be cost-effective and efficient technologies for removing nitrogen from wastewater by converting nitrite and ammonium into dinitrogen gas. However, there are inhibitory substances that reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes, preventing their widespread application. Antimicrobial agents are among these substances that have been observed to inhibit anammox-mediated processes. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of various antimicrobials on the anammox-based systems with emphasis on the effects in different reactor configurations, sludge types and microbial population of anammox-based systems. In addition, this review also discusses the mechanisms by which nitrifying bacteria are inhibited by the antimicrobials. Gaps in knowledge based on this review as well as future research needs have also been suggested. This review gives a better knowledge of antimicrobial effects on anammox-based systems and provides some guidance on the type of system to use to treat antimicrobial-containing wastewater using anammox-based processes.
MeSH term(s)	Ammonium Compounds ; Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ; Anaerobiosis ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bioreactors/microbiology ; Denitrification ; Nitrites ; Nitrogen ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage/microbiology ; Waste Water/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Ammonium Compounds ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Nitrites ; Sewage ; Waste Water ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	764273-8
ISSN	1996-9732 ; 0273-1223
ISSN (online)	1996-9732
ISSN	0273-1223
DOI	10.2166/wst.2022.284
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Article ; Online: Photosynthesis and pigment production: elucidation of the interactive effects of nutrients and light on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Mogany, Trisha / Bhola, Virthie / Ramanna, Luveshan / Bux, Faizal

Bioprocess and biosystems engineering

2021 Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 187–201

Abstract	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produces a variety of compounds that can be beneficial to human and animal health. Among these compounds, application of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, has gained considerable interest in numerous industries. A better understanding on the interactive effects of essential nutrients and light on microalgal physiology and pigment production would be beneficial in improving cultivation strategies. Therefore, this study evaluated biomass, carotenoid and chlorophyll yield and the following fluorescence parameters: quantum yield in PS II [Y(II)] and electron transport rate (ETR) using response surface methodology (RSM). The F
MeSH term(s)	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/metabolism ; Light ; Photosynthesis ; Pigments, Biological
Chemical Substances	Pigments, Biological
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476357-6
ISSN	1615-7605 ; 1432-0797 ; 1615-7591
ISSN (online)	1615-7605 ; 1432-0797
ISSN	1615-7591
DOI	10.1007/s00449-021-02651-2
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Article: Biological nitrogen removal from low carbon wastewater.

Kosgey, Kiprotich / Zungu, Phumza Vuyokazi / Bux, Faizal / Kumari, Sheena

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 968812

Abstract: Nitrogen has traditionally been removed from wastewater by nitrification and denitrification processes, in which organic carbon has been used as an electron donor during denitrification. However, some wastewaters contain low concentrations of organic ... ...

Abstract	Nitrogen has traditionally been removed from wastewater by nitrification and denitrification processes, in which organic carbon has been used as an electron donor during denitrification. However, some wastewaters contain low concentrations of organic carbon, which may require external organic carbon supply, increasing treatment costs. As a result, processes such as partial nitrification/anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) (PN/A), autotrophic denitrification, nitritation-denitritation and bioelectrochemical processes have been studied as possible alternatives, and are thus evaluated in this study based on process kinetics, applicability at large-scale and process configuration. Oxygen demand for nitritation-denitritation and PN/A is 25% and 60% lower than for nitrification/denitrification, respectively. In addition, PN/A process does not require organic carbon supply, while its supply for nitritation-denitritation is 40% less than for nitrification/denitrification. Both PN/A and nitritation-denitritation produce less sludge compared to nitrification/denitrification, which saves on sludge handling costs. Similarly, autotrophic denitrification generates less sludge compared to heterotrophic denitrification and could save on sludge handling costs. However, autotrophic denitrification driven by metallic ions, elemental sulfur (S) and its compounds could generate harmful chemicals. On the other hand, hydrogenotrophic denitrification can remove nitrogen completely without generation of harmful chemicals, but requires specialized equipment for generation and handling of hydrogen gas (H
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.968812
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