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  1. Article ; Online: Amplitude- and Phase-Resolved Infrared Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy of Polaritons in a Liquid Environment.

    Virmani, Divya / Bylinkin, Andrei / Dolado, Irene / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Hillenbrand, Rainer

    Nano letters

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 1360–1367

    Abstract: Polaritons allow for strong light-matter coupling and for highly sensitive analysis of (bio)chemical substances and processes. Nanoimaging of the polaritons' evanescent fields is critically important for experimental mode identification and field ... ...

    Abstract Polaritons allow for strong light-matter coupling and for highly sensitive analysis of (bio)chemical substances and processes. Nanoimaging of the polaritons' evanescent fields is critically important for experimental mode identification and field confinement studies. Here we describe two setups for polariton nanoimaging and spectroscopy in liquid. We first demonstrate the mapping of localized plasmon polaritons in metal antennas with a transflection infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM), where the tip acts as a near-field scattering probe. We then demonstrate a total internal reflection (TIR)-based setup, where the tip is both launching and probing ultraconfined polaritons in van der Waals materials (here phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride flakes), laying the foundation for s-SNOM-based polariton interferometry in liquid. Our results promise manifold applications, for example, in situ studies of strong coupling between polaritons and molecular vibrations or chemical reactions at the bare or functionalized surfaces of polaritonic materials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Real-space nanoimaging of THz polaritons in the topological insulator Bi

    Chen, Shu / Bylinkin, Andrei / Wang, Zhengtianye / Schnell, Martin / Chandan, Greeshma / Li, Peining / Nikitin, Alexey Y / Law, Stephanie / Hillenbrand, Rainer

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1374

    Abstract: Plasmon polaritons in topological insulators attract attention from a fundamental perspective and for potential THz photonic applications. Although polaritons have been observed by THz far-field spectroscopy on topological insulator microstructures, real- ...

    Abstract Plasmon polaritons in topological insulators attract attention from a fundamental perspective and for potential THz photonic applications. Although polaritons have been observed by THz far-field spectroscopy on topological insulator microstructures, real-space imaging of propagating THz polaritons has been elusive so far. Here, we show spectroscopic THz near-field images of thin Bi
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-28791-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Planar refraction and lensing of highly confined polaritons in anisotropic media.

    Duan, J / Álvarez-Pérez, G / Tresguerres-Mata, A I F / Taboada-Gutiérrez, J / Voronin, K V / Bylinkin, A / Chang, B / Xiao, S / Liu, S / Edgar, J H / Martín, J I / Volkov, V S / Hillenbrand, R / Martín-Sánchez, J / Nikitin, A Y / Alonso-González, P

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4325

    Abstract: Refraction between isotropic media is characterized by light bending towards the normal to the boundary when passing from a low- to a high-refractive-index medium. However, refraction between anisotropic media is a more exotic phenomenon which remains ... ...

    Abstract Refraction between isotropic media is characterized by light bending towards the normal to the boundary when passing from a low- to a high-refractive-index medium. However, refraction between anisotropic media is a more exotic phenomenon which remains barely investigated, particularly at the nanoscale. Here, we visualize and comprehensively study the general case of refraction of electromagnetic waves between two strongly anisotropic (hyperbolic) media, and we do it with the use of nanoscale-confined polaritons in a natural medium: α-MoO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-24599-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Dual-Band Coupling of Phonon and Surface Plasmon Polaritons with Vibrational and Electronic Excitations in Molecules.

    Bylinkin, Andrei / Calavalle, Francesco / Barra-Burillo, María / Kirtaev, Roman V / Nikulina, Elizaveta / Modin, Evgeny / Janzen, Eli / Edgar, James H / Casanova, Fèlix / Hueso, Luis E / Volkov, Valentyn S / Vavassori, Paolo / Aharonovich, Igor / Alonso-Gonzalez, Pablo / Hillenbrand, Rainer / Nikitin, Alexey Y

    Nano letters

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 3985–3993

    Abstract: Strong coupling (SC) between light and matter excitations bears intriguing potential for manipulating material properties. Typically, SC has been achieved between mid-infrared (mid-IR) light and molecular vibrations or between visible light and excitons. ...

    Abstract Strong coupling (SC) between light and matter excitations bears intriguing potential for manipulating material properties. Typically, SC has been achieved between mid-infrared (mid-IR) light and molecular vibrations or between visible light and excitons. However, simultaneously achieving SC in both frequency bands remains unexplored. Here, we introduce polaritonic nanoresonators (formed by h-BN layers on Al ribbons) hosting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at visible frequencies and phonon polaritons (PhPs) at mid-IR frequencies, which simultaneously couple to excitons and molecular vibrations in an adjacent layer of CoPc molecules, respectively. Employing near-field optical nanoscopy, we demonstrate the colocalization of near fields at both visible and mid-IR frequencies. Far-field transmission spectroscopy of the nanoresonator structure covered with a layer of CoPc molecules shows clear mode splittings in both frequency ranges, revealing simultaneous SPP-exciton and PhP-vibron coupling. Dual-band SC may offer potential for manipulating coupling between exciton and molecular vibration in future optoelectronics, nanophotonics, and quantum information applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00768
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Near- and Far-Field Observation of Phonon Polaritons in Wafer-Scale Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition.

    Calandrini, Eugenio / Voronin, Kirill / Balci, Osman / Barra-Burillo, Maria / Bylinkin, Andrei / Shinde, Sachin M / Sharma, Subash / Casanova, Fèlix / Hueso, Luis E / Chuvilin, Andrei / McAleese, Clifford / Conran, Ben R / Wang, Xiaochen / Teo, Kenneth / Volkov, Valentyn S / Ferrari, Andrea C / Nikitin, Alexey Y / Hillenbrand, Rainer

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2023  Volume 35, Issue 44, Page(s) e2302045

    Abstract: Polaritons in layered materials (LMs) are a promising platform to manipulate and control light at the nanometer scale. Thus, the observation of polaritons in wafer-scale LMs is critically important for the development of industrially relevant ... ...

    Abstract Polaritons in layered materials (LMs) are a promising platform to manipulate and control light at the nanometer scale. Thus, the observation of polaritons in wafer-scale LMs is critically important for the development of industrially relevant nanophotonics and optoelectronics applications. In this work, phonon polaritons (PhPs) in wafer-scale multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown by chemical vapor deposition are reported. By infrared nanoimaging, the PhPs are visualized, and PhP lifetimes of ≈0.6 ps are measured, comparable to that of micromechanically exfoliated multilayer hBN. Further, PhP nanoresonators are demonstrated. Their quality factors of ≈50 are about 0.7 times that of state-of-the-art devices based on exfoliated hBN. These results can enable PhP-based surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (e.g., for gas sensing) and infrared photodetector applications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202302045
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Giant optical anisotropy in transition metal dichalcogenides for next-generation photonics.

    Ermolaev, G A / Grudinin, D V / Stebunov, Y V / Voronin, K V / Kravets, V G / Duan, J / Mazitov, A B / Tselikov, G I / Bylinkin, A / Yakubovsky, D I / Novikov, S M / Baranov, D G / Nikitin, A Y / Kruglov, I A / Shegai, T / Alonso-González, P / Grigorenko, A N / Arsenin, A V / Novoselov, K S /
    Volkov, V S

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 854

    Abstract: Large optical anisotropy observed in a broad spectral range is of paramount importance for efficient light manipulation in countless devices. Although a giant anisotropy has been recently observed in the mid-infrared wavelength range, for visible and ... ...

    Abstract Large optical anisotropy observed in a broad spectral range is of paramount importance for efficient light manipulation in countless devices. Although a giant anisotropy has been recently observed in the mid-infrared wavelength range, for visible and near-infrared spectral intervals, the problem remains acute with the highest reported birefringence values of 0.8 in BaTiS
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-21139-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Remote near-field spectroscopy of vibrational strong coupling between organic molecules and phononic nanoresonators.

    Dolado, Irene / Maciel-Escudero, Carlos / Nikulina, Elizaveta / Modin, Evgenii / Calavalle, Francesco / Chen, Shu / Bylinkin, Andrei / Alfaro-Mozaz, Francisco Javier / Li, Jiahan / Edgar, James H / Casanova, Fèlix / Vélez, Saül / Hueso, Luis E / Esteban, Ruben / Aizpurua, Javier / Hillenbrand, Rainer

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 6850

    Abstract: Phonon polariton (PhP) nanoresonators can dramatically enhance the coupling of molecular vibrations and infrared light, enabling ultrasensitive spectroscopies and strong coupling with minute amounts of matter. So far, this coupling and the resulting ... ...

    Abstract Phonon polariton (PhP) nanoresonators can dramatically enhance the coupling of molecular vibrations and infrared light, enabling ultrasensitive spectroscopies and strong coupling with minute amounts of matter. So far, this coupling and the resulting localized hybrid polariton modes have been studied only by far-field spectroscopy, preventing access to modal near-field patterns and dark modes, which could further our fundamental understanding of nanoscale vibrational strong coupling (VSC). Here we use infrared near-field spectroscopy to study the coupling between the localized modes of PhP nanoresonators made of h-BN and molecular vibrations. For a most direct probing of the resonator-molecule coupling, we avoid the direct near-field interaction between tip and molecules by probing the molecule-free part of partially molecule-covered nanoresonators, which we refer to as remote near-field probing. We obtain spatially and spectrally resolved maps of the hybrid polariton modes, as well as the corresponding coupling strengths, demonstrating VSC on a single PhP nanoresonator level. Our work paves the way for near-field spectroscopy of VSC phenomena not accessible by conventional techniques.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-34393-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Ultra-compact injection terahertz laser using the resonant inter-layer radiative transitions in multi-graphene-layer structure.

    Dubinov, Alexander A / Bylinkin, Andrey / Aleshkin, Vladimir Ya / Ryzhii, Victor / Otsuji, Taiichi / Svintsov, Dmitry

    Optics express

    2016  Volume 24, Issue 26, Page(s) 29603–29612

    Abstract: The optimization of laser resonators represents a crucial issue for the design of tera-hertz semiconductor lasers with high gain and low absorption loss. In this paper, we put forward and optimize the surface plasmonic metal waveguide geometry for the ... ...

    Abstract The optimization of laser resonators represents a crucial issue for the design of tera-hertz semiconductor lasers with high gain and low absorption loss. In this paper, we put forward and optimize the surface plasmonic metal waveguide geometry for the recently proposed tera-hertz injection laser based on resonant radiative transitions between tunnel-coupled graphene layers. We find an optimal number of active graphene layer pairs corresponding to the maximum net modal gain. The maximum gain increases with frequency and can be as large as ∼ 500 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 8 THz, while the threshold length of laser resonator can be as small as ∼ 50 μm. Our findings substantiate the possibility of ultra-compact voltage-tunable graphene-based lasers operating at room temperature.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.24.029603
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Nanoscale Guiding of Infrared Light with Hyperbolic Volume and Surface Polaritons in van der Waals Material Ribbons.

    Dolado, Irene / Alfaro-Mozaz, Francisco Javier / Li, Peining / Nikulina, Elizaveta / Bylinkin, Andrei / Liu, Song / Edgar, James H / Casanova, Felix / Hueso, Luis E / Alonso-González, Pablo / Vélez, Saül / Nikitin, Alexey Y / Hillenbrand, Rainer

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 9, Page(s) e1906530

    Abstract: Van der Waals (vdW) materials host a variety of polaritons, which make them an emerging material platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Due to the layered structure of vdW materials, the polaritons can exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion and ... ...

    Abstract Van der Waals (vdW) materials host a variety of polaritons, which make them an emerging material platform for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Due to the layered structure of vdW materials, the polaritons can exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion and propagate as nanoscale-confined volume modes in thin flakes. On the other hand, surface-confined modes can be found at the flake edges. Surprisingly, the guiding of these modes in ribbons-representing typical linear waveguide structures-is widely unexplored. Here, a detailed study of hyperbolic phonon polaritons propagating in hexagonal boron nitride ribbons is reported. Employing infrared nanoimaging, a variety of modes are observed. Particularly, the fundamental volume waveguide mode that exhibits a cutoff width is identified, which, interestingly, can be lowered by reducing the waveguide thickness. Further, hybridization of the surface modes and their evolution with varying frequency and waveguide width are observed. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that the symmetrically hybridized surface mode does not exhibit a cutoff width, and thus enables linear waveguiding of the polaritons in arbitrarily narrow ribbons. The experimental data, supported by simulations, establish a solid basis for the understanding of hyperbolic polaritons in linear waveguides, which is of critical importance for their application in future photonic devices.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.201906530
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  10. Article ; Online: Active and Passive Tuning of Ultranarrow Resonances in Polaritonic Nanoantennas.

    Duan, Jiahua / Alfaro-Mozaz, Francisco Javier / Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier / Dolado, Irene / Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo / Titova, Elena / Bylinkin, Andrei / Tresguerres-Mata, Ana Isabel F / Martín-Sánchez, Javier / Liu, Song / Edgar, James H / Bandurin, Denis A / Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo / Hillenbrand, Rainer / Nikitin, Alexey Y / Alonso-González, Pablo

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 10, Page(s) e2104954

    Abstract: Optical nanoantennas are of great importance for photonic devices and spectroscopy due to their capability of squeezing light at the nanoscale and enhancing light-matter interactions. Among them, nanoantennas made of polar crystals supporting phonon ... ...

    Abstract Optical nanoantennas are of great importance for photonic devices and spectroscopy due to their capability of squeezing light at the nanoscale and enhancing light-matter interactions. Among them, nanoantennas made of polar crystals supporting phonon polaritons (phononic nanoantennas) exhibit the highest quality factors. This is due to the low optical losses inherent in these materials, which, however, hinder the spectral tuning of the nanoantennas due to their dielectric nature. Here, active and passive tuning of ultranarrow resonances in phononic nanoantennas is realized over a wide spectral range (≈35 cm
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-30
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.202104954
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