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  1. Article ; Online: Military occupation and testicular germ cell tumour risk among US Air Force servicemen.

    Denic-Roberts, Hristina / McGlynn, Katherine / Rhee, Jongeun / Byrne, Celia / Lang, Michael / Vu, Paul / Purdue, Mark / Rusiecki, Jennifer

    Occupational and environmental medicine

    2023  Volume 80, Issue 6, Page(s) 312–318

    Abstract: Objectives: Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among active duty US military servicemen. Occupational risk factors may play a role in TGCT aetiology, although the evidence is inconclusive. The objective of ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among active duty US military servicemen. Occupational risk factors may play a role in TGCT aetiology, although the evidence is inconclusive. The objective of our study was to investigate associations between military occupations and TGCT risk among US Air Force (USAF) servicemen.
    Methods: This nested case-control study among active duty USAF servicemen obtained information on military occupations for 530 histologically confirmed TGCT cases diagnosed during 1990-2018 and 530 individually matched controls. We determined military occupations using Air Force Specialty Codes ascertained at two time points: at case diagnosis and at a time point on average 6 years earlier. We computed adjusted ORs and 95% CIs from conditional logistic regression models to evaluate associations between occupations and TGCT risk.
    Results: The mean age at TGCT diagnosis was 30 years. Increased TGCT risk was observed for pilots (OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.20-6.74) and servicemen with aircraft maintenance jobs (OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.03-3.31) who held those jobs at both time points. Fighter pilots (n=18) and servicemen with firefighting jobs (n=18) at the time of case diagnosis had suggestively elevated TGCT odds (OR=2.73, 95% CI: 0.96-7.72 and OR=1.94, 95% CI: 0.72-5.20, respectively).
    Conclusions: In this matched, nested case-control study of young active duty USAF servicemen, we found that pilots and men with aircraft maintenance jobs had elevated TGCT risk. Further research is needed to elucidate specific occupational exposures underlying these associations.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Military Personnel ; Case-Control Studies ; Occupations ; Testicular Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Testicular Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/etiology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/complications ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1180733-7
    ISSN 1470-7926 ; 1351-0711
    ISSN (online) 1470-7926
    ISSN 1351-0711
    DOI 10.1136/oemed-2022-108628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Mammographic Breast Density and Acculturation: Longitudinal Analysis in Chinese Immigrants.

    Almeida, Rebeca / Fang, Carolyn Y / Byrne, Celia / Tseng, Marilyn

    Journal of immigrant and minority health

    2020  Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 1223–1231

    Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Asian American women have experienced steadily increasing breast cancer incidence rates over the past several decades. The increased rate might be in part due to acculturation. We tested the hypothesis ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Asian American women have experienced steadily increasing breast cancer incidence rates over the past several decades. The increased rate might be in part due to acculturation. We tested the hypothesis that higher level of acculturation was associated with higher mammographic breast density (MBD), an indicator of breast cancer risk, in a cohort of 425 premenopausal Chinese immigrant women in Philadelphia. Generalized estimating equations accounted for repeated observations and adjusted for age, type of mammographic image, body mass index, months of breastfeeding, number of live births, age at first birth, and menopausal stage (pre, early peri, late peri, post). Results indicated that acculturation level was not associated with any of the MBD measures. Findings were contrary to our hypothesis and previous, cross-sectional studies. In this study population, reproductive factors had a greater effect on MBD than acculturation-related behaviors in adulthood.
    MeSH term(s) Acculturation ; Adult ; Breast Density ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; China/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2220162-2
    ISSN 1557-1920 ; 1557-1912
    ISSN (online) 1557-1920
    ISSN 1557-1912
    DOI 10.1007/s10903-020-01107-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Invited commentary: assessing breast density change--lessons for future studies.

    Byrne, Celia

    American journal of epidemiology

    2008  Volume 167, Issue 9, Page(s) 1037–1040

    Abstract: Breast density is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer risk, and quantitative measurement is fairly reproducible. However, to study change in breast density, other issues should also be considered. Most studies of breast density have relied ... ...

    Abstract Breast density is one of the strongest predictors of breast cancer risk, and quantitative measurement is fairly reproducible. However, to study change in breast density, other issues should also be considered. Most studies of breast density have relied on one assessment, yet the mammographic features of the breast that constitute breast density change with age and/or menopause. When measuring breast density change, issues related to assessment are of greater concern. In addition, because age-period and cohort effects are codefined, evaluation of age trends must also consider the possible explanations of period and cohort effects. The prevalence of different factors affecting breast density changed dramatically over the last 50 years. In this issue of the Journal (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1027-1036), Kelemen et al. evaluate how factors known to be related to breast density influence breast density change with age. These authors are to be complimented on their detailed analysis and consideration of many of these issues. They not only describe the averaged effects of age on breast density changes but also consider whether patterns of density change differ for women with different exposure histories.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/physiology ; Breast/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Menopause/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwn062
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Comparing mammographic measures across populations.

    Fuhrman, Barbara J / Byrne, Celia

    Journal of the National Cancer Institute

    2014  Volume 106, Issue 5

    MeSH term(s) Breast/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Radiography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2992-0
    ISSN 1460-2105 ; 0027-8874 ; 0198-0157
    ISSN (online) 1460-2105
    ISSN 0027-8874 ; 0198-0157
    DOI 10.1093/jnci/dju109
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A Nested Case-Control Study of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Testicular Germ Cell Tumors among U.S. Air Force Servicemen.

    Purdue, Mark P / Rhee, Jongeun / Denic-Roberts, Hristina / McGlynn, Katherine A / Byrne, Celia / Sampson, Joshua / Botelho, Julianne Cook / Calafat, Antonia M / Rusiecki, Jennifer

    Environmental health perspectives

    2023  Volume 131, Issue 7, Page(s) 77007

    Abstract: Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a component of firefighting foams used at military installations. Although high PFAS exposures have been related to cancer risks among civilian populations, the effects for military personnel ... ...

    Abstract Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a component of firefighting foams used at military installations. Although high PFAS exposures have been related to cancer risks among civilian populations, the effects for military personnel are unclear.
    Objectives: We investigated associations between serum PFAS concentrations and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) among U.S. Air Force servicemen.
    Methods: This nested case-control study involved active-duty Air Force servicemen with sera from the Department of Defense Serum Repository. We selected 530 cases and 530 controls individually matched on birth date, race and ethnicity, year entered the service, and year of sample collection, with prediagnostic serum samples collected between 1988 and 2017. A second prediagnostic sample, collected a median of 4 y after the first, was selected for 187 case-control pairs. Seven PFAS were quantified using isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from conditional logistic regression adjusting for military grade, number of deployments, and, in some models, other PFAS, estimated associations between PFAS concentrations (categorized using quartiles among controls) and TGCT.
    Results: Elevated concentrations of some PFAS were observed for military employment in firefighting [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid] and service at a base with high PFAS concentrations in drinking water (PFHxS). Elevated PFOS concentrations in the second sample were positively associated with TGCT [OR for fourth vs. first quartile
    Discussion: We identified service-related predictors of PFAS concentrations and increased TGCT relative risks with elevated PFOS concentrations among Air Force servicemen. These findings warrant further investigation in other populations and military service branches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12603.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Military Personnel ; Case-Control Studies ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; Fluorocarbons ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/epidemiology ; Environmental Pollutants
    Chemical Substances perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (9H2MAI21CL) ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (355-46-4) ; Fluorocarbons ; Environmental Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 195189-0
    ISSN 1552-9924 ; 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
    ISSN (online) 1552-9924
    ISSN 0091-6765 ; 1078-0475
    DOI 10.1289/EHP12603
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Impact of Mammography Screening Guideline Changes in a Universally Insured Population.

    Bytnar, Julie A / Byrne, Celia / Olsen, Cara / Witkop, Catherine / Martin, Mary Beth / Banaag, Amanda / Koehlmoos, Tracey

    Journal of women's health (2002)

    2021  Volume 30, Issue 12, Page(s) 1720–1728

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Medicare ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1139774-3
    ISSN 1931-843X ; 1059-7115 ; 1540-9996
    ISSN (online) 1931-843X
    ISSN 1059-7115 ; 1540-9996
    DOI 10.1089/jwh.2020.8546
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Race and overall survival in men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Department of Defense Military Health System, 1990-2010.

    Alexander, Melannie / Zhu, Kangmin / Cullen, Jennifer / Byrne, Celia / Brown, Derek / Shao, Stephanie / Rusiecki, Jennifer

    Cancer causes & control : CCC

    2019  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 627–635

    Abstract: Background: In the U.S. general population, black men experience poorer survival after prostate cancer (CaP) diagnosis compared to white men, and findings may be impacted by unequal access to healthcare. The objective of the study is to investigate ... ...

    Abstract Background: In the U.S. general population, black men experience poorer survival after prostate cancer (CaP) diagnosis compared to white men, and findings may be impacted by unequal access to healthcare. The objective of the study is to investigate racial differences in overall survival (OS) among Department of Defense beneficiaries diagnosed with CaP.
    Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing the Automated Central Tumor Registry within the Military Healthcare System, a system designed to provide equal access. Men diagnosed with primary prostate adenocarcinomas between 1990 and 2010 [n = 18,484; 24% Non-Hispanic black (NHB), 76% Non-Hispanic white (NHW)] were followed through 2013 for vital status. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier estimation curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression models were used to examine racial differences in OS.
    Results: Age-specific Kaplan-Meier analyses showed equivalent OS for NHW and NHB men in all age groups, except for 75+, where NHB had poorer OS (p = 0.0048). Multivariable Cox PH models revealed no significant differences in OS for race (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.95-1.08), except in men aged ≥ 75 years, where NHB men had poorer OS (HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.08-1.49).
    Conclusions: Findings suggest that in a healthcare system designed for equal access, disparities in OS among men diagnosed with CaP may not exist.
    MeSH term(s) Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Continental Population Groups/statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1064022-8
    ISSN 1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
    ISSN (online) 1573-7225
    ISSN 0957-5243
    DOI 10.1007/s10552-019-01163-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Mammographic density: a breast cancer risk factor or diagnostic indicator?

    Byrne, Celia

    Academic radiology

    2002  Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 253–255

    MeSH term(s) Breast/anatomy & histology ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1355509-1
    ISSN 1076-6332
    ISSN 1076-6332
    DOI 10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80367-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Blast traumatic brain injury and serum inflammatory cytokines: a repeated measures case-control study among U.S. military service members.

    Rusiecki, Jennifer / Levin, Lynn I / Wang, Li / Byrne, Celia / Krishnamurthy, Jayasree / Chen, Ligong / Galdzicki, Zygmunt / French, Louis M

    Journal of neuroinflammation

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

    Abstract: Background: There is a paucity of human data on exposure to blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and the corresponding systemic cytokine immune response at later time points (i.e., months, years) post-injury.: Methods: We conducted a repeated measures, ...

    Abstract Background: There is a paucity of human data on exposure to blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) and the corresponding systemic cytokine immune response at later time points (i.e., months, years) post-injury.
    Methods: We conducted a repeated measures, case-control study, examining associations of serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, measured both pre- and post-deployment with having mild and moderate/severe bTBI. Utilizing serum from the Department of Defense Serum Repository cytokines were measured via an ELISA-based array for 15 cytokines. We compared pre- vs. post-levels among mild cases, moderate/severe cases, and controls and carried out case-control comparisons, using paired t- tests and generalized linear models.
    Results: The average time between bTBI and post-deployment/bTBI serum among cases was 315.8 days. From pre- to post-deployment/bTBI, levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) were decreased among both mild cases (μ = - 83.43 pg/ml; s.e. = 21.66) and moderate/severe cases (μ = - 107.67 pg/ml; s.e. = 28.74 pg/ml), while levels increased among controls (μ = 32.86 pg/ml; s.e. = 30.29). The same pattern occurred for matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3), with levels decreasing for moderate/severe cases (μ = - 3369.24 pg/ml; s.e. = 1701.68) and increasing for controls (μ = 1859.60 pg/ml; s.e. = 1737.51) from pre- to post-deployment/bTBI. Evidence was also suggestive of case-control differences, from pre- to post-deployment/bTBI for interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) among moderate/severe cases.
    Conclusion: The findings of this longitudinal study indicate that in the chronic phase of bTBI, levels of IL-8 and MMP3 may be substantially lower than pre-injury. These results need confirmation in other studies, potentially those that account for treatment differences, which was not possible in our study.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Blast Injuries/blood ; Blast Injuries/complications ; Blast Injuries/immunology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/blood ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/etiology ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/immunology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation/blood ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1742-2094
    ISSN (online) 1742-2094
    DOI 10.1186/s12974-019-1624-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: The Impact of Mammography Screening Guideline Changes Among Women Serving in the U.S. Military.

    Bytnar, Julie A / Byrne, Celia / Olsen, Cara / Witkop, Catherine T / Martin, Mary Beth / Banaag, Amanda / Koehlmoos, Tracey

    Military medicine

    2020  Volume 185, Issue 11-12, Page(s) e2088–e2096

    Abstract: Introduction: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) modified their screening guidelines for breast cancer in November 2009. Previous studies evaluated the impact of these guideline changes among privately and Medicare insured populations. ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) modified their screening guidelines for breast cancer in November 2009. Previous studies evaluated the impact of these guideline changes among privately and Medicare insured populations. Women in the military form a unique population exposed to many social, environmental, and occupational hazards that may increase breast cancer incidence. By evaluating mammography screening rates among women in the military before and after the USPSTF guideline changes, this study evaluated the impact of the USPSTF breast cancer guideline change on screening mammography use within the military population and determined whether current guidelines were followed for this high-risk population with universal health care access.
    Materials and methods: This study evaluated the impact of the 2009 guideline changes among the population of universally insured military servicewomen, comparing the proportion of active duty women aged 40 to 64 receiving mammograms from fiscal years 2006 to 2015 using an interrupted time series analysis. Stratified analyses evaluated differences by age (aged 40-49, 50-64), race, military branch, and rank. This research is considered exempt by the Uniformed Services University Institutional Review Board.
    Results: The proportion of insured military servicewomen receiving mammograms increased from October 2005 through September 2009. A significant decrease occurred in the first quarter of 2010 following the publication of the screening guideline update. From this new baseline, the proportion of women screened increased again through September 2015. Comparative analyses showed more pronounced effects both immediately and over time among the women aged 50 to 64 compared to those aged 40 to 49 years and among older enlisted women compared with their officer counterparts. The patterns were near identical in all subgroups; however, no changes in rate were evident among Air Force and black servicewomen aged 50 to 64 and Army and Navy/Marine Corps servicewomen aged 40 to 49 years. No racial disparities in screening or impact were noted.
    Conclusions: The USPSTF guidelines had differential impacts among some subpopulations. While older women, aged 50 to 64 years, had a greater temporary reduction immediately after the guideline change, younger women aged 40 to 49 years had a longer-term reduction in screening following the guideline changes. No racial disparities in the proportion screened or in the impact of the guideline change were noted in this population with universal health coverage. The lack of Department of Defense standard breast cancer screening guidelines was evident from the different patterns of mammography utilization observed among military branches. To completely understand the impact of the updated screening guidelines, future studies must incorporate research focusing on changes in breast cancer morbidity and mortality as well as updated cost-benefit analyses.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening ; Medicare ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 391061-1
    ISSN 1930-613X ; 0026-4075
    ISSN (online) 1930-613X
    ISSN 0026-4075
    DOI 10.1093/milmed/usaa176
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