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  1. Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever in domestic ruminants in Guinea in 2017–2019

    Cécile Troupin / Isabelle Ellis / Bakary Doukouré / Alimou Camara / Moustapha Keita / Moise Kagbadouno / Jean-Mathieu Bart / Ramadan Diallo / Sandra Lacôte / Philippe Marianneau / Martin H Groschup / Noël Tordo

    BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Abstract Background Brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever are considered as Neglected Zoonotic Diseases (NZDs) leading to socioeconomic losses in livestock globally, and particularly in developing countries of Africa where they are under-reported. ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever are considered as Neglected Zoonotic Diseases (NZDs) leading to socioeconomic losses in livestock globally, and particularly in developing countries of Africa where they are under-reported. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of these 3 zoonotic diseases in domestic ruminants in Guinea from 2017 to 2019. A total of 1357 sera, sampled from 463 cattle, 408 goats and 486 sheep, were collected in 17 Guinean prefectures and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Cattle was the species with highest seroprevalence (5 to 20-fold higher than in small ruminants) for the three diseases. The seroprevalence of brucellosis, mostly focused in Western Guinea, was 11.0% (51 of 463) in cattle, 0.4% (2 in 486) in sheep while no specific antibodies were found in goats. Q fever, widespread across the country, was the most frequently detected zoonosis with a mean seroprevalence of 20.5% (95 in 463), 4.4% (18 in 408) and 2.3% (11 in 486) in cattle, goats and sheep, respectively. The mean seroprevalence of RVF was 16.4% (76 in 463) in cattle, 1.0% (4 in 408) in goats and 1.0% (5 in 486) in sheep. Among the samples 19.3% were seropositive for at least one of the three NZDs, 2.5% showed specific antibodies against at least two pathogens and 4 cattle (0.8%) were seropositive for all three pathogens. In cattle, adults over 3-years old and females presented a higher antibody seroprevalence for the three diseases, in congruence with putative exposure risk. Conclusions This study confirms the circulation of these three zoonotic pathogens in Guinea and highlights the need for implementing a syndromic surveillance of ruminant abortions by the Guinean veterinary authorities as well as for the screening of the human population at risk (veterinarians, breeders, slaughterers) in a One Health perspective.
    Keywords Brucellosis ; Q fever ; Rift Valley fever ; Serology ; Domestic ruminants ; Guinea ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 Circulation, Guinea, March 2020–July 2021

    Solène Grayo / Cécile Troupin / Moussa Moïse Diagne / Houlou Sagno / Isabelle Ellis / Bakary Doukouré / Amadou Diallo / Jean-Mathieu Bart / Mohamed Lamine Kaba / Benoit Henry / Billy Sivahera Muyisa / Mamadou Saliou Sow / Ndongo Dia / Ousmane Faye / Sakoba Keita / Noël Tordo

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 28, Iss 2, Pp 457-

    2022  Volume 460

    Abstract: This overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 circulation over 1.5 years in Guinea demonstrates that virus clades and variants of interest and concern were progressively introduced, mostly by travellers through Conakry, before ... ...

    Abstract This overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 circulation over 1.5 years in Guinea demonstrates that virus clades and variants of interest and concern were progressively introduced, mostly by travellers through Conakry, before spreading through the country. Sequencing is key to following virus evolution and establishing efficient control strategies.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; complete genome sequencing ; variants ; coronavirus disease ; SARS-CoV-2 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Comparison of intra- and inter-host genetic diversity in rabies virus during experimental cross-species transmission.

    Emilie M Bonnaud / Cécile Troupin / Laurent Dacheux / Edward C Holmes / Elodie Monchatre-Leroy / Marion Tanguy / Christiane Bouchier / Florence Cliquet / Jacques Barrat / Hervé Bourhy

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e

    2019  Volume 1007799

    Abstract: The development of high-throughput genome sequencing enables accurate measurements of levels of sub-consensus intra-host virus genetic diversity and analysis of the role played by natural selection during cross-species transmission. We analysed the ... ...

    Abstract The development of high-throughput genome sequencing enables accurate measurements of levels of sub-consensus intra-host virus genetic diversity and analysis of the role played by natural selection during cross-species transmission. We analysed the natural and experimental evolution of rabies virus (RABV), an important example of a virus that is able to make multiple host jumps. In particular, we (i) analyzed RABV evolution during experimental host switching with the goal of identifying possible genetic markers of host adaptation, (ii) compared the mutational changes observed during passage with those observed in natura, and (iii) determined whether the colonization of new hosts or tissues requires adaptive evolution in the virus. To address these aims, animal infection models (dog and fox) and primary cell culture models (embryo brain cells of dog and fox) were developed and viral variation was studied in detail through deep genome sequencing. Our analysis revealed a strong unidirectional host evolutionary effect, as dog-adapted rabies virus was able to replicate in fox and fox cells relatively easily, while dogs or neuronal dog cells were not easily susceptible to fox adapted-RABV. This suggests that dog RABV may be able to adapt to some hosts more easily than other host variants, or that when RABV switched from dogs to red foxes it lost its ability to adapt easily to other species. Although no difference in patterns of mutation variation between different host organs was observed, mutations were common following both in vitro and in vivo passage. However, only a small number of these mutations also appeared in natura, suggesting that adaptation during successful cross-species virus transmission is a complex, multifactorial evolutionary process.
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Dual Combined Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Diagnosis of Lyssavirus Infection.

    Laurent Dacheux / Florence Larrous / Rachel Lavenir / Anthony Lepelletier / Abdellah Faouzi / Cécile Troupin / Jalal Nourlil / Philippe Buchy / Herve Bourhy

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 7, p e

    2016  Volume 0004812

    Abstract: The definitive diagnosis of lyssavirus infection (including rabies) in animals and humans is based on laboratory confirmation. The reference techniques for post-mortem rabies diagnosis are still based on direct immunofluorescence and virus isolation, but ...

    Abstract The definitive diagnosis of lyssavirus infection (including rabies) in animals and humans is based on laboratory confirmation. The reference techniques for post-mortem rabies diagnosis are still based on direct immunofluorescence and virus isolation, but molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods, are increasingly being used and now constitute the principal tools for diagnosing rabies in humans and for epidemiological analyses. However, it remains a key challenge to obtain relevant specificity and sensitivity with these techniques while ensuring that the genetic diversity of lyssaviruses does not compromise detection. We developed a dual combined real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (combo RT-qPCR) method for pan-lyssavirus detection. This method is based on two complementary technologies: a probe-based (TaqMan) RT-qPCR for detecting the RABV species (pan-RABV RT-qPCR) and a second reaction using an intercalating dye (SYBR Green) to detect other lyssavirus species (pan-lyssa RT-qPCR). The performance parameters of this combined assay were evaluated with a large panel of primary animal samples covering almost all the genetic variability encountered at the viral species level, and they extended to almost all lyssavirus species characterized to date. This method was also evaluated for the diagnosis of human rabies on 211 biological samples (positive n = 76 and negative n = 135) including saliva, skin and brain biopsies. It detected all 41 human cases of rabies tested and confirmed the sensitivity and the interest of skin biopsy (91.5%) and saliva (54%) samples for intra-vitam diagnosis of human rabies. Finally, this method was successfully implemented in two rabies reference laboratories in enzootic countries (Cambodia and Morocco). This combined RT-qPCR method constitutes a relevant, useful, validated tool for the diagnosis of rabies in both humans and animals, and represents a promising tool for lyssavirus surveillance.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Customized online and onsite training for rabies-control officers

    Hervé Bourhy / Cécile Troupin / Ousmane Faye / François-Xavier Meslin / Bernadette Abela-Ridder / Amadou Alpha Sall / Jean-Pierre Kraehenbuhl

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 93, Iss 7, Pp 503-

    2015  Volume 506

    Abstract: AbstractProblem It is difficult to deliver adequate training for people working in rabies control in low and middle-income countries. Popular e-learning systems for low-income settings are not well suited to developing and testing practical skills, ... ...

    Abstract AbstractProblem It is difficult to deliver adequate training for people working in rabies control in low and middle-income countries. Popular e-learning systems for low-income settings are not well suited to developing and testing practical skills, including laboratory methods.Approach We customized training in rabies control methods for African professionals and students from different disciplines. Trainees participated in preparatory online sessions, evaluations and exercises before and after a 12-day workshop. Trainees and mentors continued to interact through an online forum up to one year after the workshop.Local setting In Africa, 15 000 deaths from rabies occur each year due to a lack of awareness, inaccessibility of post-exposure prophylaxis, inadequate or absent canine rabies-control programmes and lack of governmental financial support.Relevant changes Thirty two trainees - working in health departments, hospitals, veterinary stations and research institutes - were selected to participate; 28 completed the course and passed the final evaluation. Pilot rabies investigation programmes were developed, and two manuscripts submitted for publication. An online forum facilitated further progress for a year after the workshop.Lessons learnt A combination of customized online and onsite training is suitable for teaching disease-control personnel in low-income countries. Participation in this course enabled trainees to advocate for the development of national disease-control strategies. Mentoring is needed to develop a strong network of experts in similar settings.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher World Health Organization
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analysis Reveals the Complex Evolutionary History of Rabies Virus in Multiple Carnivore Hosts.

    Cécile Troupin / Laurent Dacheux / Marion Tanguy / Claude Sabeta / Hervé Blanc / Christiane Bouchier / Marco Vignuzzi / Sebastián Duchene / Edward C Holmes / Hervé Bourhy

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 12, p e

    2016  Volume 1006041

    Abstract: The natural evolution of rabies virus (RABV) provides a potent example of multiple host shifts and an important opportunity to determine the mechanisms that underpin viral emergence. Using 321 genome sequences spanning an unprecedented diversity of RABV, ...

    Abstract The natural evolution of rabies virus (RABV) provides a potent example of multiple host shifts and an important opportunity to determine the mechanisms that underpin viral emergence. Using 321 genome sequences spanning an unprecedented diversity of RABV, we compared evolutionary rates and selection pressures in viruses sampled from multiple primary host shifts that occurred on various continents. Two major phylogenetic groups, bat-related RABV and dog-related RABV, experiencing markedly different evolutionary dynamics were identified. While no correlation between time and genetic divergence was found in bat-related RABV, the evolution of dog-related RABV followed a generally clock-like structure, although with a relatively low evolutionary rate. Subsequent molecular clock dating indicated that dog-related RABV likely underwent a rapid global spread following the intensification of intercontinental trade starting in the 15th century. Strikingly, although dog RABV has jumped to various wildlife species from the order Carnivora, we found no clear evidence that these host-jumping events involved adaptive evolution, with RABV instead characterized by strong purifying selection, suggesting that ecological processes also play an important role in shaping patterns of emergence. However, specific amino acid changes were associated with the parallel emergence of RABV in ferret-badgers in Asia, and some host shifts were associated with increases in evolutionary rate, particularly in the ferret-badger and mongoose, implying that changes in host species can have important impacts on evolutionary dynamics.
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Rotavirus rearranged genomic RNA segments are preferentially packaged into viruses despite not conferring selective growth advantage to viruses.

    Cécile Troupin / Aurélie Schnuriger / Sarah Duponchel / Claire Deback / Nathalie Schnepf / Axelle Dehee / Antoine Garbarg-Chenon

    PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 5, p e

    2011  Volume 20080

    Abstract: The rotavirus (RV) genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA segments. Sometimes, partial sequence duplication of an RNA segment leads to a rearranged RNA segment. To specify the impact of rearrangement, the replication efficiencies of human RV with ... ...

    Abstract The rotavirus (RV) genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA segments. Sometimes, partial sequence duplication of an RNA segment leads to a rearranged RNA segment. To specify the impact of rearrangement, the replication efficiencies of human RV with rearranged segments 7, 11 or both were compared to these of the homologous human wild-type RV (wt-RV) and of the bovine wt-RV strain RF. As judged by viral growth curves, rotaviruses with a rearranged genome (r-RV) had no selective growth advantage over the homologous wt-RV. In contrast, r-RV were selected over wt-RV during competitive experiments (i.e mixed infections between r-RV and wt-RV followed by serial passages in cell culture). Moreover, when competitive experiments were performed between a human r-RV and the bovine wt-RV strain RF, which had a clear growth advantage, rearranged segments 7, 11 or both always segregated in viral progenies even when performing mixed infections at an MOI ratio of 1 r-RV to 100 wt-RV. Lastly, bovine reassortant viruses that had inherited a rearranged segment 7 from human r-RV were generated. Although substitution of wt by rearranged segment 7 did not result in any growth advantage, the rearranged segment was selected in the viral progenies resulting from mixed infections by bovine reassortant r-RV and wt-RV, even for an MOI ratio of 1 r-RV to 10(7) wt-RV. Lack of selective growth advantage of r-RV over wt-RV in cell culture suggests a mechanism of preferential packaging of the rearranged segments over their standard counterparts in the viral progeny.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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