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  1. Article: physiCal: A physical approach to the marginalization of LIGO calibration uncertainties

    Vitale, Salvatore / Haster, Carl-Johan / Sun, Ling / Farr, Ben / Goetz, Evan / Kissel, Jeff / Cahillane, Craig

    Abstract: The data from ground based gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO and Virgo must be calibrated to convert the digital output of photodetectors into a relative displacement of the test masses in the detectors, producing the quantity of ... ...

    Abstract The data from ground based gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO and Virgo must be calibrated to convert the digital output of photodetectors into a relative displacement of the test masses in the detectors, producing the quantity of interest for inference of astrophysical gravitational wave sources. Both statistical uncertainties and systematic errors are associated with the calibration process, which would in turn affect the analysis of detected sources, if not accounted for. Currently, source characterization algorithms either entirely neglect the possibility of calibration uncertainties or account for them in a way that does not use knowledge of the calibration process itself. We present physiCal, a new approach to account for calibration errors during the source characterization step, which directly uses all the information available about the instrument calibration process. Rather than modeling the overall detector's response function, we consider the individual components that contribute to the response. We implement this method and apply it to the compact binaries detected by LIGO and Virgo during the second observation run, as well as to simulated binary neutron stars for which the sky position and distance are known exactly. We find that the physiCal model performs as well as the method currently used within the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, but additionally it enables improving the measurement of specific components of the instrument control through astrophysical calibration.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher ArXiv
    Document type Article
    Database COVID19

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  2. Book ; Online: Systematic calibration error requirements for gravitational-wave detectors via the Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound

    Hall, Evan D. / Cahillane, Craig / Izumi, Kiwamu / Smith, Rory J. E. / Adhikari, Rana X

    2017  

    Abstract: Gravitational-wave (GW) laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO transduce spacetime strain into optical power fluctuation. Converting this optical power fluctuations back into an estimated spacetime strain requires a calibration process that accounts ...

    Abstract Gravitational-wave (GW) laser interferometers such as Advanced LIGO transduce spacetime strain into optical power fluctuation. Converting this optical power fluctuations back into an estimated spacetime strain requires a calibration process that accounts for both the interferometer's optomechanical response and the feedback control loop used to control the interferometer test masses. Systematic errors in the calibration parameters lead to systematic errors in the GW strain estimate, and hence to systematic errors in the astrophysical parameter estimates in a particular GW signal. In this work we examine this effect for a GW signal similar to GW150914, both for a low-power detector operation similar to the first and second Advanced LIGO observing runs and for a higher-power operation with detuned signal extraction. We set requirements on the accuracy of the calibration such that the astrophysical parameter estimation is limited by errors introduced by random detector noise, rather than calibration systematics. We also examine the impact of systematic calibration errors on the possible detection of a massive graviton.
    Keywords Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
    Subject code 620 ; 621
    Publishing date 2017-12-27
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  3. Article ; Online: The Advanced LIGO photon calibrators.

    Karki, S / Tuyenbayev, D / Kandhasamy, S / Abbott, B P / Abbott, T D / Anders, E H / Berliner, J / Betzwieser, J / Cahillane, C / Canete, L / Conley, C / Daveloza, H P / De Lillo, N / Gleason, J R / Goetz, E / Izumi, K / Kissel, J S / Mendell, G / Quetschke, V /
    Rodruck, M / Sachdev, S / Sadecki, T / Schwinberg, P B / Sottile, A / Wade, M / Weinstein, A J / West, M / Savage, R L

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2016  Volume 87, Issue 11, Page(s) 114503

    Abstract: The two interferometers of the Laser Interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) recently detected gravitational waves from the mergers of binary black hole systems. Accurate calibration of the output of these detectors was crucial for the ... ...

    Abstract The two interferometers of the Laser Interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) recently detected gravitational waves from the mergers of binary black hole systems. Accurate calibration of the output of these detectors was crucial for the observation of these events and the extraction of parameters of the sources. The principal tools used to calibrate the responses of the second-generation (Advanced) LIGO detectors to gravitational waves are systems based on radiation pressure and referred to as photon calibrators. These systems, which were completely redesigned for Advanced LIGO, include several significant upgrades that enable them to meet the calibration requirements of second-generation gravitational wave detectors in the new era of gravitational-wave astronomy. We report on the design, implementation, and operation of these Advanced LIGO photon calibrators that are currently providing fiducial displacements on the order of 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.4967303
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  4. Article ; Online: Characterization of systematic error in Advanced LIGO calibration

    Sun, Ling / Goetz, Evan / Kissel, Jeffrey S. / Betzwieser, Joseph / Karki, Sudarshan / Viets, Aaron / Wade, Madeline / Bhattacharjee, Dripta / Bossilkov, Vladimir / Covas, Pep B. / Datrier, Laurence E. H. / Gray, Rachel / Kandhasamy, Shivaraj / Lecoeuche, Yannick K. / Mendell, Gregory / Mistry, Timesh / Payne, Ethan / Savage, Richard L. / Weinstein, Alan J. /
    Aston, Stuart / Buikema, Aaron / Cahillane, Craig / Driggers, Jenne C. / Dwyer, Sheila E. / Kumar, Rahul / Urban, Alexander

    Abstract: The raw outputs of the detectors within the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory need to be calibrated in order to produce the estimate of the dimensionless strain used for astrophysical analyses. The two detectors have been ... ...

    Abstract The raw outputs of the detectors within the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory need to be calibrated in order to produce the estimate of the dimensionless strain used for astrophysical analyses. The two detectors have been upgraded since the second observing run and finished the year-long third observing run. Understanding, accounting, and/or compensating for the complex-valued response of each part of the upgraded detectors improves the overall accuracy of the estimated detector response to gravitational waves. We describe improved understanding and methods used to quantify the response of each detector, with a dedicated effort to define all places where systematic error plays a role. We use the detectors as they stand in the first half (six months) of the third observing run to demonstrate how each identified systematic error impacts the estimated strain and constrain the statistical uncertainty therein. For this time period, we estimate the upper limit on systematic error and associated uncertainty to be $<7\%$ in magnitude and $<4$ deg in phase ($68\%$ confidence interval) in the most sensitive frequency band 20-2000 Hz. The systematic error alone is estimated at levels of $<2\%$ in magnitude and $<2$ deg in phase.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher ArXiv
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6382/abb14e
    Database COVID19

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  5. Article ; Online: First Direct Measurement of (12)C((12)C,n)(23)Mg at Stellar Energies.

    Bucher, B / Tang, X D / Fang, X / Heger, A / Almaraz-Calderon, S / Alongi, A / Ayangeakaa, A D / Beard, M / Best, A / Browne, J / Cahillane, C / Couder, M / deBoer, R J / Kontos, A / Lamm, L / Li, Y J / Long, A / Lu, W / Lyons, S /
    Notani, M / Patel, D / Paul, N / Pignatari, M / Roberts, A / Robertson, D / Smith, K / Stech, E / Talwar, R / Tan, W P / Wiescher, M / Woosley, S E

    Physical review letters

    2015  Volume 114, Issue 25, Page(s) 251102

    Abstract: Neutrons produced by the carbon fusion reaction (12)C((12)C,n)(23)Mg play an important role in stellar nucleosynthesis. However, past studies have shown large discrepancies between experimental data and theory, leading to an uncertain cross section ... ...

    Abstract Neutrons produced by the carbon fusion reaction (12)C((12)C,n)(23)Mg play an important role in stellar nucleosynthesis. However, past studies have shown large discrepancies between experimental data and theory, leading to an uncertain cross section extrapolation at astrophysical energies. We present the first direct measurement that extends deep into the astrophysical energy range along with a new and improved extrapolation technique based on experimental data from the mirror reaction (12)C((12)C,p)(23)Na. The new reaction rate has been determined with a well-defined uncertainty that exceeds the precision required by astrophysics models. Using our constrained rate, we find that (12)C((12)C,n)(23)Mg is crucial to the production of Na and Al in pop-III pair instability supernovae. It also plays a nonnegligible role in the production of weak s-process elements, as well as in the production of the important galactic γ-ray emitter (60)Fe.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.251102
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  6. Article ; Online: Constraining the 12C+12C fusion cross section for astrophysics

    Bucher B. / Fang X. / Tang X.D. / Tan W.P. / Almaraz-Calderon S. / Alongi A. / Ayangeakaa A.D. / Beard M. / Best A. / Browne J. / Cahillane C. / Couder M. / Dahlstrom E. / Davies P. / deBoer R. / Kontos A. / Lamm L. / Long A. / Lu W. /
    Lyons S. / Ma C. / Moncion A. / Notani M. / Patel D. / Paul N. / Pignatari M. / Roberts A. / Robertson D. / Smith K. / Stech E. / Talwar R. / Thomas S. / Wiescher M.

    EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 93, p

    2015  Volume 03009

    Abstract: The 12C+12C reaction is one of the single most important nuclear reactions in astrophysics. It strongly influences late evolution of massive stars as well as the dynamics of type Ia supernovae and x-ray superbursts. An accurate estimation of the cross ... ...

    Abstract The 12C+12C reaction is one of the single most important nuclear reactions in astrophysics. It strongly influences late evolution of massive stars as well as the dynamics of type Ia supernovae and x-ray superbursts. An accurate estimation of the cross section at relevant astrophysical energies is extremely important for modeling these systems. However, the situation is complicated by the unpredictable resonance structure observed at higher energies. Two recent studies at Notre Dame have produced results which help reduce the uncertainty associated with this reaction. The first uses correlations with the isotope fusion systems, 12C+13C and 13C+13C, to establish an upper limit on the resonance strengths in 12C+12C. The other focuses on the specific channel 12C+12C→23Mg+n and its low-energy measurement and extrapolation which is relevant to s-process nucleosynthesis. The results from each provide important constraints for astrophysical models.
    Keywords Science ; Q ; Physics ; QC1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher EDP Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

    Jia, Wenxuan / Yamamoto, Hiroaki / Kuns, Kevin / Effler, Anamaria / Evans, Matthew / Fritschel, Peter / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Austin, C / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W /
    Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Betzwieser, J / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, C D / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Brooks, A F / Brown, D D / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Compton, C M / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Dooley, K L / Driggers, J C / Dupej, P / Dwyer, S E / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Frolov, V V / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Green, A C / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Mansell, G L / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McCuller, L / McIver, J / McRae, T / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Mullavey, A / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Pele, A / Penhorwood, R / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetzl, D / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R M S / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Tse, M / Urban, A L / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Whittle, C / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Physical review letters

    2021  Volume 127, Issue 24, Page(s) 241102

    Abstract: High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface ... ...

    Abstract High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102
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  8. Article ; Online: Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object.

    Whittle, Chris / Hall, Evan D / Dwyer, Sheila / Mavalvala, Nergis / Sudhir, Vivishek / Abbott, R / Ananyeva, A / Austin, C / Barsotti, L / Betzwieser, J / Blair, C D / Brooks, A F / Brown, D D / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Driggers, J C / Effler, A / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Fritschel, P /
    Frolov, V V / Hardwick, T / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / Kissel, J S / Mansell, G L / Matichard, F / McCuller, L / McRae, T / Mullavey, A / Pele, A / Schofield, R M S / Sigg, D / Tse, M / Vajente, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W / Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Compton, C M / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Dooley, K L / Dupej, P / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Green, A C / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / King, P J / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Penhorwood, R / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetz, D / Schnabel, R / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Urban, A L / Valdes, G / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yamamoto, H / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2021  Volume 372, Issue 6548, Page(s) 1333–1336

    Abstract: The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's ... ...

    Abstract The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abh2634
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  9. Article ; Online: Quantum-Enhanced Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy.

    Tse, M / Yu, Haocun / Kijbunchoo, N / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Dupej, P / Barsotti, L / Blair, C D / Brown, D D / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Evans, M / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Green, A C / Mansell, G L / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McClelland, D E / McCuller, L /
    McRae, T / Miller, J / Mullavey, A / Oelker, E / Phinney, I Y / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Vo, T / Ward, R L / Whittle, C / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Austin, C / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W / Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Betzwieser, J / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Brooks, A F / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Driggers, J C / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Gupta, Anchal / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / McCarthy, R / McCormick, S / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, R J / O'Reilly, B / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Pele, A / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetzl, D / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R M S / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Urban, A L / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yamamoto, H / Yap, M J / Yu, Hang / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Physical review letters

    2019  Volume 123, Issue 23, Page(s) 231107

    Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves ... ...

    Abstract The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves with the Advanced LIGO H1 and L1 detectors. This achievement is the culmination of decades of research to implement squeezed states in gravitational-wave detectors. During the ongoing O3 observation run, squeezed states are improving the sensitivity of the LIGO interferometers to signals above 50 Hz by up to 3 dB, thereby increasing the expected detection rate by 40% (H1) and 50% (L1).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.231107
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO.

    Brooks, Aidan F / Vajente, Gabriele / Yamamoto, Hiro / Abbott, Rich / Adams, Carl / Adhikari, Rana X / Ananyeva, Alena / Appert, Stephen / Arai, Koji / Areeda, Joseph S / Asali, Yasmeen / Aston, Stuart M / Austin, Corey / Baer, Anne M / Ball, Matthew / Ballmer, Stefan W / Banagiri, Sharan / Barker, David / Barsotti, Lisa /
    Bartlett, Jeffrey / Berger, Beverly K / Betzwieser, Joseph / Bhattacharjee, Dripta / Billingsley, Garilynn / Biscans, Sebastien / Blair, Carl D / Blair, Ryan M / Bode, Nina / Booker, Phillip / Bork, Rolf / Bramley, Alyssa / Brown, Daniel D / Buikema, Aaron / Cahillane, Craig / Cannon, Kipp C / Cao, Huy Tuong / Chen, Xu / Ciobanu, Alexei A / Clara, Filiberto / Compton, Camilla / Cooper, Sam J / Corley, Kenneth R / Countryman, Stefan T / Covas, Pep B / Coyne, Dennis C / Datrier, Laurence E / Davis, Derek / Difronzo, Chiara D / Dooley, Katherine L / Driggers, Jenne C / Dupej, Peter / Dwyer, Sheila E / Effler, Anamaria / Etzel, Todd / Evans, Matthew / Evans, Tom M / Feicht, Jon / Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro / Fritschel, Peter / Frolov, Valery V / Fulda, Paul / Fyffe, Michael / Giaime, Joe A / Giardina, Dwayne D / Godwin, Patrick / Goetz, Evan / Gras, Slawomir / Gray, Corey / Gray, Rachel / Green, Anna C / Gupta, Anchal / Gustafson, Eric K / Gustafson, Dick / Hall, Evan / Hanks, Jonathan / Hanson, Joe / Hardwick, Terra / Hasskew, Raine K / Heintze, Matthew C / Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F / Holland, Nathan A / Izmui, Kiamu / Jia, Wenxuan / Jones, Jeff D / Kandhasamy, Shivaraj / Karki, Sudarshan / Kasprzack, Marie / Kawabe, Keita / Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee / King, Peter J / Kissel, Jeffrey S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, Michael / Lane, Benjamin B / Lantz, Brian / Laxen, Michael / Lecoeuche, Yannick K / Leviton, Jessica / Jian, Liu / Lormand, Marc / Lundgren, Andrew P / Macas, Ronaldas / Macinnis, Myron / Macleod, Duncan M / Mansell, Georgia L / Marka, Szabolcs / Marka, Zsuzsanna / Martynov, Denis V / Mason, Ken / Massinger, Thomas J / Matichard, Fabrice / Mavalvala, Nergis / McCarthy, Richard / McClelland, David E / McCormick, Scott / McCuller, Lee / McIver, Jessica / McRae, Terry / Mendell, Gregory / Merfeld, Kara / Merilh, Edmond L / Meylahn, Fabian / Mistry, Timesh / Mittleman, Richard / Moreno, Gerardo / Mow-Lowry, Conor M / Mozzon, Simone / Mullavey, Adam / Nelson, Timothy J / Nguyen, Philippe / Nuttall, Laura K / Oberling, Jason / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, Charles / Ottaway, David J / Overmier, Harry / Palamos, Jordan R / Parker, William / Payne, Ethan / Pele, Arnaud / Penhorwood, Reilly / Perez, Carlos J / Pirello, Marc / Radkins, Hugh / Ramirez, Karla E / Richardson, Jonathan W / Riles, Keith / Robertson, Norna A / Rollins, Jameson G / Romel, Chandra L / Romie, Janeen H / Ross, Michael P / Ryan, Kyle / Sadecki, Travis / Sanchez, Eduardo J / Sanchez, Luis E / Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R / Savage, Richard L / Schaetzl, Dean / Schnabel, Roman / Schofield, Robert M / Schwartz, Eyal / Sellers, Danny / Shaffer, Thomas / Sigg, Daniel / Slagmolen, Bram J / Smith, Joshua R / Soni, Siddharth / Sorazu, Borja / Spencer, Andrew P / Strain, Ken A / Sun, Ling / Szczepanczyk, Marek J / Thomas, Michael / Thomas, Patrick / Thorne, Keith A / Toland, Karl / Torrie, Calum I / Traylor, Gary / Tse, Maggie / Urban, Alexander L / Valdes, Guillermo / Vander-Hyde, Daniel C / Veitch, Peter J / Venkateswara, Krishna / Venugopalan, Gautam / Viets, Aaron D / Vo, Thomas / Vorvick, Cheryl / Wade, Madeline / Ward, Robert L / Warner, Jim / Weaver, Betsy / Weiss, Rainer / Whittle, Chris / Willke, Benno / Wipf, Christopher C / Xiao, Liting / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, Liyuan / Zucker, Michael E / Zweizig, John

    Applied optics

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 13, Page(s) 4047–4063

    Abstract: Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce ... ...

    Abstract Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.419689
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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