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Article ; Online: The current status and development trend of hydrogel application in spinal surgery.

Qiu, Rongzhang / Cai, Kaiwen / Zhang, Kai / Ying, Yijian / Hu, Hangtian / Jiang, Guoqiang / Luo, Kefeng

2024 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 1730–1747

Abstract: Spinal diseases often result in compromised mobility and diminished quality of life due to the intricate anatomy surrounding the nervous system. Medication and surgical interventions remain the primary treatment methods for spinal conditions. However, ... ...

Abstract	Spinal diseases often result in compromised mobility and diminished quality of life due to the intricate anatomy surrounding the nervous system. Medication and surgical interventions remain the primary treatment methods for spinal conditions. However, currently available medications have limited efficacy in treating spinal surgical diseases and cannot achieve a complete cure. Furthermore, surgical intervention frequently results in inevitable alterations and impairments to the initial anatomical integrity of the spinal structure, accompanied by the consequential loss of certain physiological functionalities. Changes in spine surgery treatment concepts and modalities in the last decade have led to a deepening of minimally invasive treatment, with treatment strategies focusing more on repairing and reconstructing the patient's spine and preserving physiological functions. Therefore, developing novel and more efficient treatment strategies to reduce spinal lesions and iatrogenic injuries is essential. In recent years, significant advancements in biomedical research have led to the discovery that hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and adjustable mechanical properties. The application of hydrogel-based biotechnology in spinal surgery has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potential. This review presents the therapeutic strategies for spinal diseases based on hydrogel tissue engineering technology.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hydrogels ; Quality of Life ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; Spinal Diseases/drug therapy ; Spinal Diseases/surgery
Chemical Substances	Hydrogels
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2702241-9
ISSN	2050-7518 ; 2050-750X
ISSN (online)	2050-7518
ISSN	2050-750X
DOI	10.1039/d3tb02613b
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Article ; Online: Bone cement distribution may significantly affect the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty in treating symptomatic Schmorl's nodes.

Cai, Kaiwen / Jiang, Guoqiang / Lu, Bin / Zhang, Kai / Luo, Kefeng

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 473

Abstract: Purpose: Percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) has been widely used in treating symptomatic Schmorl's nodes(SNs). However, there were still some patients with poor pain relief. At present, there is a lack of research to analyze the reasons for poor efficacy.! ...

Abstract	Purpose: Percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) has been widely used in treating symptomatic Schmorl's nodes(SNs). However, there were still some patients with poor pain relief. At present, there is a lack of research to analyze the reasons for poor efficacy. Methods: Review the SNs patients treated with PVP in our hospital from November 2019 to June 2022, collect their baseline data. Reverse reconstruction software was used to calculate the filling rate of bone edema ring(R Results: A total of 26 vertebrae were included in 24 patients. When grouped according to symptoms, patients in n-RG were older, and surgical segments were tend to locate in lower lumbar spine. The proportion of Poor distribution was significantly higher. When grouped according to the cement distribution, the preoperative NRS and ODI of the three groups were comparable, but the NRS and ODI of Poor group were significantly worse than the Excellent and Good groups postoperatively and at the last follow-up. Conclusions: The cement distribution may significantly affect the efficacy of PVP in treating symptomatic SNs. We suggest that the bone edema ring should be filled as fully as possible to ensure the efficacy. In addition, advanced age and low lumbar lesions are also adverse factors for clinical outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bone Cements/therapeutic use ; Vertebroplasty ; Treatment Outcome ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/diagnosis ; Pain ; Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Fractures/surgery ; Fractures, Compression/diagnostic imaging ; Fractures, Compression/surgery ; Osteoporotic Fractures/surgery ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Bone Cements
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041355-5
ISSN	1471-2474 ; 1471-2474
ISSN (online)	1471-2474
ISSN	1471-2474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-023-06575-8
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Article ; Online: Risk factors for spinal subdural hematoma after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar Interbody Fusion (MI-TLIF): a multivariate analysis.

Lu, Jiye / Zhang, Wei / Jiang, Guoqiang / Luo, Kefeng / Cai, Kaiwen / Zhang, Kai / Lu, Bin

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 939

Abstract: Background: Spinal subdural hematoma (SSH) is a rare cause of compression of the neutral elements of the spinal cord. However, little is known about the presentation of acute SSH after lumbar spine surgery. The reason for this may be that symptomatic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Spinal subdural hematoma (SSH) is a rare cause of compression of the neutral elements of the spinal cord. However, little is known about the presentation of acute SSH after lumbar spine surgery. The reason for this may be that symptomatic SSH occurs rarely and is not given enough attention by spine surgeons. Currently, the decision to perform MRI postoperatively is more dependent on surgeon preference; therefore, no high-quality studies have been published. Our team reports our experience in the diagnosis and management of SSH after lumbar decompression and fusion surgery. Methods: We retrospectively studied 215 patients who underwent routine MRI following minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) between 2020-01-01 and 2022-06-30. The patients were divided into SSH group (17 cases) and non-SSH group (198 cases) according to the occurrence of SSH. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify relevant risk factors that increase the risk of SSH postoperatively. Results: None of the patients presented with serious neurologic symptoms, such as lower extremity paralysis or cauda equina syndrome that required emergency hematoma debridement. SSH was found in 17 (7.9%) patients and non-SSH in 198 (92.1%). Factors affecting SSH were presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes and postoperative anticoagulant therapy. The significantly independent risk factor of postoperative SSH were diabetes (P = 0.008, OR: 6.988) and postoperative anticoagulant therapy (P = 0.003, OR: 8.808). Conclusions: SSH after MI-TLIF is not a rare condition, with generally no requirement of emergency evacuation. Comprehensive anti-symptomatic treatment could achieve satisfactory results. Diabetes mellitus and postoperative anticoagulant therapy are independent risk factors for SSH. Spine surgeons should hold applicability of the use of anticoagulants after lumbar surgery.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal/diagnostic imaging ; Hematoma, Subdural, Spinal/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion/adverse effects ; Spinal Fusion/methods ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Risk Factors ; Multivariate Analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Anticoagulants ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anticoagulants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041355-5
ISSN	1471-2474 ; 1471-2474
ISSN (online)	1471-2474
ISSN	1471-2474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-023-06902-z
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Article: Recent advances in the repair of degenerative intervertebral disc for preclinical applications.

Ying, Yijian / Cai, Kaiwen / Cai, Xiongxiong / Zhang, Kai / Qiu, Rongzhang / Jiang, Guoqiang / Luo, Kefeng

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1259731

Abstract: The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a load-bearing, avascular tissue that cushions pressure and increases flexibility in the spine. Under the influence of obesity, injury, and reduced nutrient supply, it develops pathological changes such as fibular annulus ...

Abstract	The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a load-bearing, avascular tissue that cushions pressure and increases flexibility in the spine. Under the influence of obesity, injury, and reduced nutrient supply, it develops pathological changes such as fibular annulus (AF) injury, disc herniation, and inflammation, eventually leading to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Lower back pain (LBP) caused by IDD is a severe chronic disorder that severely affects patients' quality of life and has a substantial socioeconomic impact. Patients may consider surgical treatment after conservative treatment has failed. However, the broken AF cannot be repaired after surgery, and the incidence of re-protrusion and reoccurring pain is high, possibly leading to a degeneration of the adjacent vertebrae. Therefore, effective treatment strategies must be explored to repair and prevent IDD. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in repairing IVD, describes its advantages and shortcomings, and explores the future direction of repair technology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2719493-0
ISSN	2296-4185
ISSN	2296-4185
DOI	10.3389/fbioe.2023.1259731
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Book ; Online: Risk Controlled Image Retrieval

Cai, Kaiwen / Lu, Chris Xiaoxuan / Zhao, Xingyu / Huang, Xiaowei

2023

Abstract: Most image retrieval research focuses on improving predictive performance, but they may fall short in scenarios where the reliability of the prediction is crucial. Though uncertainty quantification can help by assessing uncertainty for query and database ...

Abstract	Most image retrieval research focuses on improving predictive performance, but they may fall short in scenarios where the reliability of the prediction is crucial. Though uncertainty quantification can help by assessing uncertainty for query and database images, this method can provide only a heuristic estimate rather than an guarantee. To address these limitations, we present Risk Controlled Image Retrieval (RCIR), which generates retrieval sets that are guaranteed to contain the ground truth samples with a predefined probability. RCIR can be easily plugged into any image retrieval method, agnostic to data distribution and model selection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that provides coverage guarantees for image retrieval. The validity and efficiency of RCIR is demonstrated on four real-world image retrieval datasets, including the Stanford CAR-196 (Krause et al. 2013), CUB-200 (Wah et al. 2011), the Pittsburgh dataset (Torii et al. 2013) and the ChestX-Det dataset (Lian et al. 2021).
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-07-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Uncertainty Estimation for 3D Dense Prediction via Cross-Point Embeddings

Cai, Kaiwen / Lu, Chris Xiaoxuan / Huang, Xiaowei

2022

Abstract: Dense prediction tasks are common for 3D point clouds, but the uncertainties inherent in massive points and their embeddings have long been ignored. In this work, we present CUE, a novel uncertainty estimation method for dense prediction tasks in 3D ... ...

Abstract	Dense prediction tasks are common for 3D point clouds, but the uncertainties inherent in massive points and their embeddings have long been ignored. In this work, we present CUE, a novel uncertainty estimation method for dense prediction tasks in 3D point clouds. Inspired by metric learning, the key idea of CUE is to explore cross-point embeddings upon a conventional 3D dense prediction pipeline. Specifically, CUE involves building a probabilistic embedding model and then enforcing metric alignments of massive points in the embedding space. We also propose CUE+, which enhances CUE by explicitly modeling crosspoint dependencies in the covariance matrix. We demonstrate that both CUE and CUE+ are generic and effective for uncertainty estimation in 3D point clouds with two different tasks: (1) in 3D geometric feature learning we for the first time obtain wellcalibrated uncertainty, and (2) in semantic segmentation we reduce uncertainty's Expected Calibration Error of the state-of-the-arts by 16.5%. All uncertainties are estimated without compromising predictive performance. Comment: Accepted by IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2022-09-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: STUN

Cai, Kaiwen / Lu, Chris Xiaoxuan / Huang, Xiaowei

Self-Teaching Uncertainty Estimation for Place Recognition

2022

Abstract: Place recognition is key to Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and spatial perception. However, a place recognition in the wild often suffers from erroneous predictions due to image variations, e.g., changing viewpoints and street appearance. ... ...

Abstract	Place recognition is key to Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and spatial perception. However, a place recognition in the wild often suffers from erroneous predictions due to image variations, e.g., changing viewpoints and street appearance. Integrating uncertainty estimation into the life cycle of place recognition is a promising method to mitigate the impact of variations on place recognition performance. However, existing uncertainty estimation approaches in this vein are either computationally inefficient (e.g., Monte Carlo dropout) or at the cost of dropped accuracy. This paper proposes STUN, a self-teaching framework that learns to simultaneously predict the place and estimate the prediction uncertainty given an input image. To this end, we first train a teacher net using a standard metric learning pipeline to produce embedding priors. Then, supervised by the pretrained teacher net, a student net with an additional variance branch is trained to finetune the embedding priors and estimate the uncertainty sample by sample. During the online inference phase, we only use the student net to generate a place prediction in conjunction with the uncertainty. When compared with place recognition systems that are ignorant to the uncertainty, our framework features the uncertainty estimation for free without sacrificing any prediction accuracy. Our experimental results on the large-scale Pittsburgh30k dataset demonstrate that STUN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both recognition accuracy and the quality of uncertainty estimation. Comment: Submitted to The IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Robotics
Subject code	310
Publishing date	2022-03-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: AutoPlace

Cai, Kaiwen / Wang, Bing / Lu, Chris Xiaoxuan

Robust Place Recognition with Low-cost Single-chip Automotive Radar

2021

Abstract: This paper presents a novel place recognition approach to autonomous vehicles by using low-cost, single-chip automotive radar. Aimed at improving recognition robustness and fully exploiting the rich information provided by this emerging automotive radar, ...

Abstract	This paper presents a novel place recognition approach to autonomous vehicles by using low-cost, single-chip automotive radar. Aimed at improving recognition robustness and fully exploiting the rich information provided by this emerging automotive radar, our approach follows a principled pipeline that comprises (1) dynamic points removal from instant Doppler measurement, (2) spatial-temporal feature embedding on radar point clouds, and (3) retrieved candidates refinement from Radar Cross Section measurement. Extensive experimental results on the public nuScenes dataset demonstrate that existing visual/LiDAR/spinning radar place recognition approaches are less suitable for single-chip automotive radar. In contrast, our purpose-built approach for automotive radar consistently outperforms a variety of baseline methods via a comprehensive set of metrics, providing insights into the efficacy when used in a realistic system. Comment: Submitted to the IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 8 pages
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2021-09-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Robust Human Detection under Visual Degradation via Thermal and mmWave Radar Fusion

Cai, Kaiwen / Xia, Qiyue / Li, Peize / Stankovic, John / Lu, Chris Xiaoxuan

2023

Abstract: The majority of human detection methods rely on the sensor using visible lights (e.g., RGB cameras) but such sensors are limited in scenarios with degraded vision conditions. In this paper, we present a multimodal human detection system that combines ... ...

Abstract	The majority of human detection methods rely on the sensor using visible lights (e.g., RGB cameras) but such sensors are limited in scenarios with degraded vision conditions. In this paper, we present a multimodal human detection system that combines portable thermal cameras and single-chip mmWave radars. To mitigate the noisy detection features caused by the low contrast of thermal cameras and the multi-path noise of radar point clouds, we propose a Bayesian feature extractor and a novel uncertainty-guided fusion method that surpasses a variety of competing methods, either single-modal or multi-modal. We evaluate the proposed method on real-world data collection and demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Comment: To appear at the 2023 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Robotics
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effect of pedicle-screw rod fixation on oblique lumbar interbody fusion in patients with osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Cai, Kaiwen / Luo, Kefeng / Zhu, Jinjin / Zhang, Kai / Yu, Shengkai / Ye, Yi / Jiang, Guoqiang

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research

2021 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 429

Abstract: Study design: A retrospective cohort study.: Objective: To investigate the radiological and clinical outcomes of patients with or without pedicle-screw rod fixation (PSRF) in OLIF surgery.: Methods: Between June 2017 and December 2019, 66 ... ...

Abstract	Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Objective: To investigate the radiological and clinical outcomes of patients with or without pedicle-screw rod fixation (PSRF) in OLIF surgery. Methods: Between June 2017 and December 2019, 66 consecutive patients who underwent OLIF surgery at two centers were divided into stand-alone and combined groups according to whether or not PSRF was used. Imaging and clinical data were collected preoperatively, postoperatively, 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up. Related coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the influencing factors of cage subsidence (CS). Results: There was a lower baseline BMD in the combined group (p = 0.005). The combined group showed superior VAS score at 3 months postoperatively, although there was no difference in long-term VAS and ODI scores between the two groups. The foraminal height (FH) of the two groups was comparable at preoperatively, postoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively, but the combined group showed better maintenance of FH at 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.049) and last follow-up (p = 0.019). The total CS (tCS) of the combined group was lower than that of the stand-alone group during the whole follow-up period (all p ≤ 0.001). Multiple linear regression suggested that lower BMD was the risk factor for main CS, and PSRF could significantly reduce the BMD threshold for severe CS (-4.77 vs -1.38). Conclusions: OLIF combined with PSRF can effectively avoid foraminal height loss and prevent severe CS, which may be more suitable for patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia and improve clinical outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteoporosis/physiopathology ; Osteoporosis/surgery ; Pedicle Screws ; Postoperative Period ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion/instrumentation ; Spinal Fusion/methods ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
ISSN	1749-799X
ISSN (online)	1749-799X
DOI	10.1186/s13018-021-02570-8
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