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  1. Article: Clinical and Radiologic Factors Associated With Detection of

    Smith, Jonathan P / Song, Rinn / McCarthy, Kimberly D / Mchembere, Walter / Click, Eleanor S / Cain, Kevin P

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) ofac560

    Abstract: Background: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health concern, yet bacteriologic confirmation of TB in children is challenging. Clinical, demographic, and radiological factors associated with a positive : Methods: We conducted a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical public health concern, yet bacteriologic confirmation of TB in children is challenging. Clinical, demographic, and radiological factors associated with a positive
    Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of young children with presumptive TB and examined clinical, demographic, and radiologic factors associated with invasive and noninvasive specimen collection techniques (gastric aspirate, induced sputum, nasopharyngeal aspirate, stool, and string test); up to 2 samples were taken per child, per technique. We estimated associations between these factors and a positive specimen for each technique using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and logistic regression.
    Results: A median (range) of 544 (507-566) samples were obtained for each specimen collection technique from 300 enrolled children; bacteriologic yield was low across all collection techniques (range, 1%-7% from Xpert MTB/RIF or culture), except for lymph node fine needle aspiration (29%) taken for children with cervical lymphadenopathy. Factors associated with positive
    Conclusions: Identifying factors that lead to a positive
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofac560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: High-Quality Parasitic Disease Laboratory Services Are a Priority at the CDC.

    Purfield, Anne E / Butler, Jay C / Cain, Kevin P / Kuhnert, Wendi / Muehlenbachs, Atis / Parise, Monica / Pirkle, Jim

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2022  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0235
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  3. Article ; Online: (Not) measuring in the dark.

    Cain, Kevin P / Shah, N Sarita

    The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

    2015  Volume 19, Issue 11, Page(s) 1270

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/mortality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11
    Publishing country France
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1385624-8
    ISSN 1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
    ISSN (online) 1815-7920
    ISSN 1027-3719
    DOI 10.5588/ijtld.15.0782
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 4776: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 261: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Machine learning to predict bacteriologic confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in infants and very young children.

    Smith, Jonathan P / Milligan, Kyle / McCarthy, Kimberly D / Mchembere, Walter / Okeyo, Elisha / Musau, Susan K / Okumu, Albert / Song, Rinn / Click, Eleanor S / Cain, Kevin P

    PLOS digital health

    2023  Volume 2, Issue 5, Page(s) e0000249

    Abstract: Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) among young children (<5 years) is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of clinical disease and clinical similarities to other childhood diseases. We used machine learning to develop accurate prediction models of ... ...

    Abstract Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) among young children (<5 years) is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of clinical disease and clinical similarities to other childhood diseases. We used machine learning to develop accurate prediction models of microbial confirmation with simply defined and easily obtainable clinical, demographic, and radiologic factors. We evaluated eleven supervised machine learning models (using stepwise regression, regularized regression, decision tree, and support vector machine approaches) to predict microbial confirmation in young children (<5 years) using samples from invasive (reference-standard) or noninvasive procedure. Models were trained and tested using data from a large prospective cohort of young children with symptoms suggestive of TB in Kenya. Model performance was evaluated using areas under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and precision-recall curve (AUPRC), accuracy metrics. (i.e., sensitivity, specificity), F-beta scores, Cohen's Kappa, and Matthew's Correlation Coefficient. Among 262 included children, 29 (11%) were microbially confirmed using any sampling technique. Models were accurate at predicting microbial confirmation in samples obtained from invasive procedures (AUROC range: 0.84-0.90) and from noninvasive procedures (AUROC range: 0.83-0.89). History of household contact with a confirmed case of TB, immunological evidence of TB infection, and a chest x-ray consistent with TB disease were consistently influential across models. Our results suggest machine learning can accurately predict microbial confirmation of M. tuberculosis in young children using simply defined features and increase the bacteriologic yield in diagnostic cohorts. These findings may facilitate clinical decision making and guide clinical research into novel biomarkers of TB disease in young children.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3170
    ISSN (online) 2767-3170
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000249
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  5. Article ; Online: Finding tuberculosis at the first encounter with HIV care: don't miss the opportunity to save a life.

    Cain, Kevin P / Varma, Jay K

    The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

    2012  Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 1138

    MeSH term(s) Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Coinfection ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Anti-Retroviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09
    Publishing country France
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1385624-8
    ISSN 1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
    ISSN (online) 1815-7920
    ISSN 1027-3719
    DOI 10.5588/ijtld.12.0586
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Finding tuberculosis at the first encounter with HIV care: don't miss the opportunity to save a life[Editorial].

    Cain, Kevin P / Varma, Jay K

    The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

    2012  Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 1138

    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-09-01
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1385624-8
    ISSN 1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
    ISSN (online) 1815-7920
    ISSN 1027-3719
    DOI 10.5588/ijtld.12.0586
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Reaching 95-95-95 targets: The role of private sector health facilities in closing the HIV detection gap-Kisumu Kenya, 2018.

    Onyango, Dickens / Mchembere, Walter / Agaya, Janet / Wang, Alice / Cain, Kevin P / Grobbee, Diederick E / van der Sande, Marianne Ab / Baker, Brian / Yuen, Courtney M

    International journal of STD & AIDS

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 485–491

    Abstract: Background: HIV testing efficiency could be improved by focusing on high yield populations and identifying types of health facilities where people with undiagnosed HIV infection are more likely to attend.: Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of ... ...

    Abstract Background: HIV testing efficiency could be improved by focusing on high yield populations and identifying types of health facilities where people with undiagnosed HIV infection are more likely to attend.
    Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of data collected during an integrated TB/HIV active case-finding intervention in Western Kenya. Data were analyzed from health facilities' registers on individuals who reported TB-suggestive symptoms between 1 July and 31 December 2018 and who had an HIV test result within one month following symptom screening. We used logistic regression with general estimating equations adjusting for sub-county level data to identify health facility-level predictors of new HIV diagnoses.
    Results: Of 11,376 adults with presumptive TB identified in 143 health facilities, 1038 (9%) tested HIV positive. The median HIV positivity per health facility was 6% (IQR = 2-15%). Patients with TB symptoms were over three times as likely to have a new HIV diagnosis in private not-for-profit facilities compared to those in government facilities (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.40; 95% CI = 1.96-5.90). Patients tested in hospitals were over two times as likely to have a new HIV diagnosis as those tested in smaller facilities (i.e., health centers and dispensaries) (aOR 2.26; 95% CI = 1.60-3.21).
    Conclusion: Individuals with presumptive TB who attended larger health facilities and private not-for-profit facilities had a higher likelihood of being newly diagnosed with HIV. Strengthening HIV services at these facilities and outreach to populations that use them could help to close the HIV diagnosis gap.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Private Sector ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1018089-8
    ISSN 1758-1052 ; 0956-4624
    ISSN (online) 1758-1052
    ISSN 0956-4624
    DOI 10.1177/09564624221076953
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2829: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Caveat emptor? Control of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States.

    Schwartzman, Kevin / Cain, Kevin P

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2011  Volume 184, Issue 5, Page(s) 501–502

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Models, Economic ; Tuberculin Test/economics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.201107-1241ED
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  9. Article ; Online: You have to find TB to treat TB.

    Cain, Kevin P / Varma, Jay K

    The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

    2011  Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) 854

    MeSH term(s) AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-07
    Publishing country France
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1385624-8
    ISSN 1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
    ISSN (online) 1815-7920
    ISSN 1027-3719
    DOI 10.5588/ijtld.11.0247
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  10. Article ; Online: Joseph Adera Odhiambo, 1954-2012 [Obituary].

    Cain, Kevin P / De Cock, Kevin M

    The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

    2013  Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 852

    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-01
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1385624-8
    ISSN 1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
    ISSN (online) 1815-7920
    ISSN 1027-3719
    DOI 10.5588/ijtld.13.0263
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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