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Article ; Online: The importance of external social support for workplace-related stress as we grow older.

Caines, Valerie / Treuren, Gerrit J M

2023 Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 123–130

Abstract: Objectives: For older employees, a mismatch between work and nonwork roles can lead to work-family conflict (WFC) and stress. This paper examines whether the availability of social support from outside the workplace can assist these employees in coping ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: For older employees, a mismatch between work and nonwork roles can lead to work-family conflict (WFC) and stress. This paper examines whether the availability of social support from outside the workplace can assist these employees in coping with the stress-related consequences of WFC. Methods: This study used data from Waves 16 (Time 1) and 17 (Time 2) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N = 2867). Sociodemographic characteristics were measured using age, sex and employment tenure. A moderated regression model was applied to the older employees in this sample using stress, WFC with external social support as the moderator. Analysis was additionally undertaken for the different aged employee cohorts, younger than 30 years and middle-aged (30-50). Results: We found that external social support dampened the effect of WFC on employee stress for older employees. This effect was more powerful for older employees than for younger employees. Interestingly, older employees reported the same levels of external social support as employees between 30 and 50, but less than that of employees younger than 30 years. Conclusions: Following our hypothesised relationships based on conservation of resources (COR), selection, optimisation with compensation (SOC) and socio-emotional selectivity theories (SST), this paper demonstrates that older employees benefit significantly from external social support. As external social support increased among older employees, the negative effect of WFC on stress decreased. However, this effect was only significant for employees up to the 68th percentile. Overall, this effect was less powerful for both groups of younger employees. Consistent with SOC and SST, older employees possessed different social motives (less reported external social support). Employer and government strategies assisting employees to develop social networks outside the workplace may provide significant benefits to organisations in addition to employees.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Employment ; Occupational Stress ; Workplace/psychology ; Social Support
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1457406-8
ISSN	1741-6612 ; 0726-4240 ; 1440-6381
ISSN (online)	1741-6612
ISSN	0726-4240 ; 1440-6381
DOI	10.1111/ajag.13252
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Article ; Online: Do we fix front and back of every APC pelvic injury?

Kendall, John / Caines, Andrew / Buckley, Richard

Injury

2024 Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 111322

Abstract: HISTORY-A 47-year-old male was on a cliff when he jumped into the water below. He jumped about 50 feet. Upon landing in the water, he felt his legs separate and abduct violently. He was taken to the Emergency unit of the nearest trauma center and was ... ...

Abstract	HISTORY-A 47-year-old male was on a cliff when he jumped into the water below. He jumped about 50 feet. Upon landing in the water, he felt his legs separate and abduct violently. He was taken to the Emergency unit of the nearest trauma center and was found to have no injuries except to his pelvis. He could not weight bear because of pelvic pain but had normal distal sensory and motor exam and rectal exam. His-pelvis was painful to examination anteriorly with minor left-sided posterior SI pain, and he had no blood at his meatus. X-rays and CT were done, (Figures 1-5).
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Pelvis/diagnostic imaging ; Pelvis/injuries ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218778-4
ISSN	1879-0267 ; 0020-1383
ISSN (online)	1879-0267
ISSN	0020-1383
DOI	10.1016/j.injury.2024.111322
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Zs.A 778: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Shibboleth: An agent-based model of signalling mimicry.

Goodman, Jonathan R / Caines, Andrew / Foley, Robert A

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0289333

Abstract: Mimicry is an essential strategy for exploiting competitors in competitive co-evolutionary relationships. Protection against mimicry may, furthermore, be a driving force in human linguistic diversity: the potential harm caused by failing to detect ... ...

Abstract	Mimicry is an essential strategy for exploiting competitors in competitive co-evolutionary relationships. Protection against mimicry may, furthermore, be a driving force in human linguistic diversity: the potential harm caused by failing to detect mimicked group-identity signals may select for high sensitivity to mimicry of honest group members. Here we describe the results of five agent-based models that simulate multi-generational interactions between two groups of individuals: original members of a group with an honest identity signal, and members of an outsider group who mimic that signal, aiming to pass as members of the in-group. The models correspond to the Biblical story of Shibboleth, where a tribe in conflict with another determines tribe affiliation by asking individuals to pronounce the word, 'Shibboleth.' In the story, failure to reproduce the word phonetically resulted in death. Here, we run five different versions of a 'Shibboleth' model: a first, simple version, which evaluates whether a composite variable of mimicry quality and detection quality is a superior predictor to the model's outcome than is cost of detection. The models thereafter evaluate variations on the simple model, incorporating group-level behaviours such as altruistic punishment. Our results suggest that group members' sensitivity to mimicry of the Shibboleth-signal is a better predictor of whether any signal of group identity goes into fixation in the overall population than is the cost of mimicry detection. Thus, the likelihood of being detected as a mimic may be more important than the costs imposed on mimics who are detected. This suggests that theoretical models in biology should place greater emphasis on the likelihood of detection, which does not explicitly entail costs, rather than on the costs to individuals who are detected. From a language learning perspective, the results suggest that admission to group membership through linguistic signals is powered by the ability to imitate and evade detection as an outsider by existing group members.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Biological Evolution ; Predatory Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0289333
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Article ; Online: Word segmentation from transcriptions of child-directed speech using lexical and sub-lexical cues.

Goriely, Zébulon / Caines, Andrew / Buttery, Paula

Journal of child language

2023 , Page(s) 1–41

Abstract: We compare two frameworks for the segmentation of words in child-directed speech, PHOCUS and MULTICUE. PHOCUS is driven by lexical recognition, whereas MULTICUE combines sub-lexical properties to make boundary decisions, representing differing views of ... ...

Abstract	We compare two frameworks for the segmentation of words in child-directed speech, PHOCUS and MULTICUE. PHOCUS is driven by lexical recognition, whereas MULTICUE combines sub-lexical properties to make boundary decisions, representing differing views of speech processing. We replicate these frameworks, perform novel benchmarking and confirm that both achieve competitive results. We develop a new framework for segmentation, the DYnamic Programming MULTIple-cue framework (DYMULTI), which combines the strengths of PHOCUS and MULTICUE by considering both sub-lexical and lexical cues when making boundary decisions. DYMULTI achieves state-of-the-art results and outperforms PHOCUS and MULTICUE on 15 of 26 languages in a cross-lingual experiment. As a model built on psycholinguistic principles, this validates DYMULTI as a robust model for speech segmentation and a contribution to the understanding of language acquisition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1466489-6
ISSN	1469-7602 ; 0305-0009
ISSN (online)	1469-7602
ISSN	0305-0009
DOI	10.1017/S0305000923000491
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Article ; Online: Capsule Commentary on Fredericksen et al. "Development and Content Validation of a Patient-Reported Sexual Risk Measure for Use in Primary Care".

Caines, Laurie C

Journal of general internal medicine

2018 Volume 33, Issue 10, Page(s) 1781

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Primary Health Care ; Sexual Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	639008-0
ISSN	1525-1497 ; 0884-8734
ISSN (online)	1525-1497
ISSN	0884-8734
DOI	10.1007/s11606-018-4584-6
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Article ; Online: Impact of participation as a peer change agent on peer change agents themselves: a quantitative study of a peer-led, social media-based PrEP promotion intervention.

Cooper, Spring C / Santella, Anthony J / Caines, Matthew / Rojanaworarit, Chanapong / Hernandez, Alex

Health education research

2024 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 84–98

Abstract: Despite the adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a crucial HIV intervention, uptake remains suboptimal among men who have sex with men, a sexual minority group, due to barriers like cost and stigma. Peer change agents (PCAs) disseminate PrEP ... ...

Abstract	Despite the adoption of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a crucial HIV intervention, uptake remains suboptimal among men who have sex with men, a sexual minority group, due to barriers like cost and stigma. Peer change agents (PCAs) disseminate PrEP information within their social networks. This study explores the reciprocal effects of an online community-based participatory intervention on PCAs, focusing on their transformed PrEP uptake perceptions-leadership efficacy, social network dynamics, attitudes, perceived benefits and barriers and self-efficacy. Leveraging insights from the PrEP Chicago Study, our research addresses a key gap in community-based participatory interventions for PrEP uptake: the transformative experiences and perception shifts of PCAs involved in these interventions. We engaged 20 men who have sex with men, aged 18-45, as PCAs in a one-group pretest-posttest design intervention, which disseminated PrEP communications within their preferred online networks. We utilized the PrEP Chicago Study's 45 Likert items, tailored to reveal the PCAs' transformative potential. Data on PrEP uptake perceptions, sociodemographics and social media use were captured and analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, a nonparametric method. PCAs demonstrated significant changes in their PrEP uptake perceptions, including leadership capacity, social network dynamics, attitudes toward PrEP, perceived benefits, barriers and self-efficacy. Our intervention highlights the reciprocal transformation PCAs undergo when disseminating PrEP information. This study adds a new dimension to community-based PrEP interventions and underscores the need for continued refinement of peer-led strategies to optimize the transformative potential of PCAs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Homosexuality, Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Social Media ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632781-3
ISSN	1465-3648 ; 0268-1153
ISSN (online)	1465-3648
ISSN	0268-1153
DOI	10.1093/her/cyad042
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Book ; Online: Transmission Neural Networks

Gao, Shuang / Caines, Peter E.

From Virus Spread Models to Neural Networks

2022

Abstract: This work connects models for virus spread on networks with their equivalent neural network representations. Based on this connection, we propose a new neural network architecture, called Transmission Neural Networks (TransNNs) where activation functions ...

Abstract	This work connects models for virus spread on networks with their equivalent neural network representations. Based on this connection, we propose a new neural network architecture, called Transmission Neural Networks (TransNNs) where activation functions are primarily associated with links and are allowed to have different activation levels. Furthermore, this connection leads to the discovery and the derivation of three new activation functions with tunable or trainable parameters. Moreover, we prove that TransNNs with a single hidden layer and a fixed non-zero bias term are universal function approximators. Finally, we present new fundamental derivations of continuous time epidemic network models based on TransNNs. Comment: 15 pages
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ; Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2022-08-06
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Treatment of olecranon fractures in older individuals: a cross-sectional survey of surgeon treatment preferences.

Woolnough, Taylor / Caines, Andrew M / Pollock, J W / Papp, Steven R

JSES international

2023 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 227–231

Abstract: Background: With an aging population, the incidence of olecranon fractures in older patients is increasing. The standard of care has traditionally included operative management for displaced fractures. Recent literature has called this standard of care ... ...

Abstract	Background: With an aging population, the incidence of olecranon fractures in older patients is increasing. The standard of care has traditionally included operative management for displaced fractures. Recent literature has called this standard of care into question. Older patients may be at increased risk of operative complications and may have satisfactory functional outcomes with nonoperative management. Given recently evolving evidence, the current treatment preferences of orthopedic surgeons for older patients with displaced olecranon fractures are unknown. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey of Canadian orthopedic surgeons via e-mail invitation and online survey form to determine treatment preferences for patients aged 65-75 and >75 years with simple displaced and comminuted displaced stable olecranon fractures. Respondents reviewed representative images and were asked to indicate their preferred treatment based on patient age. We also asked respondents to indicate their perceived importance of 11 patient factors on treatment decision-making. Results: We received 200 responses (33.8% response rate). For patients aged 65-75 years with simple displaced fractures, surgeons preferred tension-band wiring (n = 110, 56%) to plating (n = 82, 42%, Conclusion: In patients aged 65 to 75 years, operative management is favored by most surgeons, with tension-band wiring preferred over plating for simple displaced fractures. In patients aged >75 years, operative management is again preferred by most respondents for simple and comminuted fractures. Despite operative preferences, there is a paucity of quality evidence to guide treatment decision-making, particularly in patients aged >75 years.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-6383
ISSN (online)	2666-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.jseint.2023.10.009
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Article ; Online: Open Reduction Internal Fixation Versus Distal Femoral Replacement (DFR) for Treatment of OTA/AO 33C Fractures in the Elderly: A Review of Functional Outcomes and Cost Analysis.

Caines, Andrew / Adamczyk, Andrew / Mahaffey, Ryan / Pickell, Michael

Journal of orthopaedic trauma

2022 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–18

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the economic cost associated with the treatment of OTA/AO 33C fractures in patients older than 65 years of age using open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or DFR and to assess the perioperative outcomes of elderly patients ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To determine the economic cost associated with the treatment of OTA/AO 33C fractures in patients older than 65 years of age using open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or DFR and to assess the perioperative outcomes of elderly patients treated surgically following OTA/AO 33C fractures. Design: Retrospective cohort over a 10-year period. Setting: A single level-1 trauma center. Participants and intervention: Thirty-nine patients 65 or older with OTA/AO 33C fractures who underwent treatment with ORIF (n = 27) or DFR (n = 12) were included. Main outcome measurements: Direct cost associated with surgical treatment along with LOS, functional outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, and all-cause reoperation. Results: Index procedure costs were as follows: DFR: $ 61,259 vs. ORIF: $44,490 (P = 0.056). Five (20%) ORIF patients required revision versus one (8%) in the DFR group. Total cost when including reoperation resulted in DFR being $14,805 more costly, which was not significant. Hospital LOS was similar between groups; however, convalescent LOS was longer in ORIF patients (43.2 vs. 23.1 days, P = 0.02). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is no significant difference in overall cost between ORIF and DFR when all costs are considered. A larger portion of DFR patients were able to mobilize postoperatively, with subacute length of stay being longer in ORIF patients. A multicenter trial is warranted to determine optimal treatment for this complex problem. Level of evidence: Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Open Fracture Reduction ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Multicenter Studies as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639099-7
ISSN	1531-2291 ; 0890-5339
ISSN (online)	1531-2291
ISSN	0890-5339
DOI	10.1097/BOT.0000000000002455
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Article: Developing a patient story pathway.

Caines, Kimberley / Ahmed, Hiba / Lockwood, Andy / Purva, Makani

Future healthcare journal

2022 Volume 9, Issue Suppl 2, Page(s) 120

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3016427-8
ISSN	2514-6653 ; 2514-6645
ISSN (online)	2514-6653
ISSN	2514-6645
DOI	10.7861/fhj.9-2-s120
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