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  1. Article ; Online: Multiscale Snapshots: Visual Analysis of Temporal Summaries in Dynamic Graphs.

    Cakmak, Eren / Schlegel, Udo / Jackle, Dominik / Keim, Daniel / Schreck, Tobias

    IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

    2021  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 517–527

    Abstract: The overview-driven visual analysis of large-scale dynamic graphs poses a major challenge. We propose Multiscale Snapshots, a visual analytics approach to analyze temporal summaries of dynamic graphs at multiple temporal scales. First, we recursively ... ...

    Abstract The overview-driven visual analysis of large-scale dynamic graphs poses a major challenge. We propose Multiscale Snapshots, a visual analytics approach to analyze temporal summaries of dynamic graphs at multiple temporal scales. First, we recursively generate temporal summaries to abstract overlapping sequences of graphs into compact snapshots. Second, we apply graph embeddings to the snapshots to learn low-dimensional representations of each sequence of graphs to speed up specific analytical tasks (e.g., similarity search). Third, we visualize the evolving data from a coarse to fine-granular snapshots to semi-automatically analyze temporal states, trends, and outliers. The approach enables us to discover similar temporal summaries (e.g., reoccurring states), reduces the temporal data to speed up automatic analysis, and to explore both structural and temporal properties of a dynamic graph. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by a quantitative evaluation and the application to a real-world dataset.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1941-0506
    ISSN (online) 1941-0506
    DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030398
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Multiscale Visualization: A Structured Literature Analysis.

    Cakmak, Eren / Jackle, Dominik / Schreck, Tobias / Keim, Daniel A / Fuchs, Johannes

    IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 12, Page(s) 4918–4929

    Abstract: Multiscale visualizations are typically used to analyze multiscale processes and data in various application domains, such as the visual exploration of hierarchical genome structures in molecular biology. However, creating such multiscale visualizations ... ...

    Abstract Multiscale visualizations are typically used to analyze multiscale processes and data in various application domains, such as the visual exploration of hierarchical genome structures in molecular biology. However, creating such multiscale visualizations remains challenging due to the plethora of existing work and the expression ambiguity in visualization research. Up to today, there has been little work to compare and categorize multiscale visualizations to understand their design practices. In this article, we present a structured literature analysis to provide an overview of common design practices in multiscale visualization research. We systematically reviewed and categorized 122 published journal or conference articles between 1995 and 2020. We organized the reviewed articles in a taxonomy that reveals common design factors. Researchers and practitioners can use our taxonomy to explore existing work to create new multiscale navigation and visualization techniques. Based on the reviewed articles, we examine research trends and highlight open research challenges.
    MeSH term(s) Computer Graphics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1941-0506
    ISSN (online) 1941-0506
    DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2021.3109387
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Visual Comparison of Language Model Adaptation.

    Sevastjanova, Rita / Cakmak, Eren / Ravfogel, Shauli / Cotterell, Ryan / El-Assady, Mennatallah

    IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 1178–1188

    Abstract: Neural language models are widely used; however, their model parameters often need to be adapted to the specific domains and tasks of an application, which is time- and resource-consuming. Thus, adapters have recently been introduced as a lightweight ... ...

    Abstract Neural language models are widely used; however, their model parameters often need to be adapted to the specific domains and tasks of an application, which is time- and resource-consuming. Thus, adapters have recently been introduced as a lightweight alternative for model adaptation. They consist of a small set of task-specific parameters with a reduced training time and simple parameter composition. The simplicity of adapter training and composition comes along with new challenges, such as maintaining an overview of adapter properties and effectively comparing their produced embedding spaces. To help developers overcome these challenges, we provide a twofold contribution. First, in close collaboration with NLP researchers, we conducted a requirement analysis for an approach supporting adapter evaluation and detected, among others, the need for both intrinsic (i.e., embedding similarity-based) and extrinsic (i.e., prediction-based) explanation methods. Second, motivated by the gathered requirements, we designed a flexible visual analytics workspace that enables the comparison of adapter properties. In this paper, we discuss several design iterations and alternatives for interactive, comparative visual explanation methods. Our comparative visualizations show the differences in the adapted embedding vectors and prediction outcomes for diverse human-interpretable concepts (e.g., person names, human qualities). We evaluate our workspace through case studies and show that, for instance, an adapter trained on the language debiasing task according to context-0 (decontextualized) embeddings introduces a new type of bias where words (even gender-independent words such as countries) become more similar to female- than male pronouns. We demonstrate that these are artifacts of context-0 embeddings, and the adapter effectively eliminates the gender information from the contextualized word representations.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Natural Language Processing ; Computer Graphics ; Language ; Software ; Artifacts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1941-0506
    ISSN (online) 1941-0506
    DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2022.3209458
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: dg2pix

    Cakmak, Eren / Jäckle, Dominik / Schreck, Tobias / Keim, Daniel

    Pixel-Based Visual Analysis of Dynamic Graphs

    2020  

    Abstract: Presenting long sequences of dynamic graphs remains challenging due to the underlying large-scale and high-dimensional data. We propose dg2pix, a novel pixel-based visualization technique, to visually explore temporal and structural properties in long ... ...

    Abstract Presenting long sequences of dynamic graphs remains challenging due to the underlying large-scale and high-dimensional data. We propose dg2pix, a novel pixel-based visualization technique, to visually explore temporal and structural properties in long sequences of large-scale graphs. The approach consists of three main steps: (1) the multiscale modeling of the temporal dimension; (2) unsupervised graph embeddings to learn low-dimensional representations of the dynamic graph data; and (3) an interactive pixel-based visualization to simultaneously explore the evolving data at different temporal aggregation scales. dg2pix provides a scalable overview of a dynamic graph, supports the exploration of long sequences of high-dimensional graph data, and enables the identification and comparison of similar temporal states. We show the applicability of the technique to synthetic and real-world datasets, demonstrating that temporal patterns in dynamic graphs can be identified and interpreted over time. dg2pix contributes a suitable intermediate representation between node-link diagrams at the high detail end and matrix representations on the low detail end.

    Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2020-09-15
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  5. Book ; Online: VulnEx

    Dennig, Frederik L. / Cakmak, Eren / Plate, Henrik / Keim, Daniel A.

    Exploring Open-Source Software Vulnerabilities in Large Development Organizations to Understand Risk Exposure

    2021  

    Abstract: The prevalent usage of open-source software (OSS) has led to an increased interest in resolving potential third-party security risks by fixing common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs). However, even with automated code analysis tools in place, ... ...

    Abstract The prevalent usage of open-source software (OSS) has led to an increased interest in resolving potential third-party security risks by fixing common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs). However, even with automated code analysis tools in place, security analysts often lack the means to obtain an overview of vulnerable OSS reuse in large software organizations. In this design study, we propose VulnEx (Vulnerability Explorer), a tool to audit entire software development organizations. We introduce three complementary table-based representations to identify and assess vulnerability exposures due to OSS, which we designed in collaboration with security analysts. The presented tool allows examining problematic projects and applications (repositories), third-party libraries, and vulnerabilities across a software organization. We show the applicability of our tool through a use case and preliminary expert feedback.

    Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; corrected typos and wording
    Keywords Computer Science - Software Engineering
    Subject code 005
    Publishing date 2021-08-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  6. Book ; Online: Motif-Based Visual Analysis of Dynamic Networks

    Cakmak, Eren / Fuchs, Johannes / Jäckle, Dominik / Schreck, Tobias / Brandes, Ulrik / Keim, Daniel

    2022  

    Abstract: Many data analysis problems rely on dynamic networks, such as social or communication network analyses. Providing a scalable overview of long sequences of such dynamic networks remains challenging due to the underlying large-scale data containing elusive ...

    Abstract Many data analysis problems rely on dynamic networks, such as social or communication network analyses. Providing a scalable overview of long sequences of such dynamic networks remains challenging due to the underlying large-scale data containing elusive topological changes. We propose two complementary pixel-based visualizations, which reflect occurrences of selected sub-networks (motifs) and provide a time-scalable overview of dynamic networks: a network-level census (motif significance profiles) linked with a node-level sub-network metric (graphlet degree vectors) views to reveal structural changes, trends, states, and outliers. The network census captures significantly occurring motifs compared to their expected occurrences in random networks and exposes structural changes in a dynamic network. The sub-network metrics display the local topological neighborhood of a node in a single network belonging to the dynamic network. The linked pixel-based visualizations allow exploring motifs in different-sized networks to analyze the changing structures within and across dynamic networks, for instance, to visually analyze the shape and rate of changes in the network topology. We describe the identification of visual patterns, also considering different reordering strategies to emphasize visual patterns. We demonstrate the approach's usefulness by a use case analysis based on real-world large-scale dynamic networks, such as the evolving social networks of Reddit or Facebook.

    Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Social and Information Networks ; Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
    Publishing date 2022-08-25
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  7. Book ; Online: Visual Comparison of Language Model Adaptation

    Sevastjanova, Rita / Cakmak, Eren / Ravfogel, Shauli / Cotterell, Ryan / El-Assady, Mennatallah

    2022  

    Abstract: Neural language models are widely used; however, their model parameters often need to be adapted to the specific domains and tasks of an application, which is time- and resource-consuming. Thus, adapters have recently been introduced as a lightweight ... ...

    Abstract Neural language models are widely used; however, their model parameters often need to be adapted to the specific domains and tasks of an application, which is time- and resource-consuming. Thus, adapters have recently been introduced as a lightweight alternative for model adaptation. They consist of a small set of task-specific parameters with a reduced training time and simple parameter composition. The simplicity of adapter training and composition comes along with new challenges, such as maintaining an overview of adapter properties and effectively comparing their produced embedding spaces. To help developers overcome these challenges, we provide a twofold contribution. First, in close collaboration with NLP researchers, we conducted a requirement analysis for an approach supporting adapter evaluation and detected, among others, the need for both intrinsic (i.e., embedding similarity-based) and extrinsic (i.e., prediction-based) explanation methods. Second, motivated by the gathered requirements, we designed a flexible visual analytics workspace that enables the comparison of adapter properties. In this paper, we discuss several design iterations and alternatives for interactive, comparative visual explanation methods. Our comparative visualizations show the differences in the adapted embedding vectors and prediction outcomes for diverse human-interpretable concepts (e.g., person names, human qualities). We evaluate our workspace through case studies and show that, for instance, an adapter trained on the language debiasing task according to context-0 (decontextualized) embeddings introduces a new type of bias where words (even gender-independent words such as countries) become more similar to female than male pronouns. We demonstrate that these are artifacts of context-0 embeddings.
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Publishing date 2022-08-17
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  8. Book ; Online: Multiscale Snapshots

    Cakmak, Eren / Schlegel, Udo / Jäckle, Dominik / Keim, Daniel / Schreck, Tobias

    Visual Analysis of Temporal Summaries in Dynamic Graphs

    2020  

    Abstract: The overview-driven visual analysis of large-scale dynamic graphs poses a major challenge. We propose Multiscale Snapshots, a visual analytics approach to analyze temporal summaries of dynamic graphs at multiple temporal scales. First, we recursively ... ...

    Abstract The overview-driven visual analysis of large-scale dynamic graphs poses a major challenge. We propose Multiscale Snapshots, a visual analytics approach to analyze temporal summaries of dynamic graphs at multiple temporal scales. First, we recursively generate temporal summaries to abstract overlapping sequences of graphs into compact snapshots. Second, we apply graph embeddings to the snapshots to learn low-dimensional representations of each sequence of graphs to speed up specific analytical tasks (e.g., similarity search). Third, we visualize the evolving data from a coarse to fine-granular snapshots to semi-automatically analyze temporal states, trends, and outliers. The approach enables to discover similar temporal summaries (e.g., recurring states), reduces the temporal data to speed up automatic analysis, and to explore both structural and temporal properties of a dynamic graph. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach by a quantitative evaluation and the application to a real-world dataset.

    Comment: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), to appear
    Keywords Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
    Publishing date 2020-08-19
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  9. Book ; Online: SpatialRugs

    Buchmüller, Juri F. / Schlegel, Udo / Cakmak, Eren / Dimara, Evanthia / Keim, Daniel A.

    Enhancing Spatial Awareness of Movement in Dense Pixel Visualizations

    2020  

    Abstract: Compact visual summaries of spatio-temporal movement data often strive to express accurate positions of movers. We present SpatialRugs, a technique to enhance the spatial awareness of movements in dense pixel visualizations. SpatialRugs apply 2D ... ...

    Abstract Compact visual summaries of spatio-temporal movement data often strive to express accurate positions of movers. We present SpatialRugs, a technique to enhance the spatial awareness of movements in dense pixel visualizations. SpatialRugs apply 2D colormaps to visualize location mapped to a juxtaposed display. We explore the effect of various colormaps discussing perceptual limitations and introduce a custom color-smoothing method to mitigate distorted patterns of collective movement behavior.

    Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ; H.5.0
    Publishing date 2020-03-27
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  10. Article ; Online: MotionRugs: Visualizing Collective Trends in Space and Time.

    Buchmuller, Juri / Jackle, Dominik / Cakmak, Eren / Brandes, Ulrik / Keim, Daniel A

    IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics

    2018  

    Abstract: Understanding the movement patterns of collectives, such as flocks of birds or fish swarms, is an interesting open research question. The collectives are driven by mutual objectives or react to individual direction changes and external influence factors ... ...

    Abstract Understanding the movement patterns of collectives, such as flocks of birds or fish swarms, is an interesting open research question. The collectives are driven by mutual objectives or react to individual direction changes and external influence factors and stimuli. The challenge in visualizing collective movement data is to show space and time of hundreds of movements at the same time to enable the detection of spatiotemporal patterns. In this paper, we propose MotionRugs, a novel space efficient technique for visualizing moving groups of entities. Building upon established space-partitioning strategies, our approach reduces the spatial dimensions in each time step to a one-dimensional ordered representation of the individual entities. By design, MotionRugs provides an overlap-free, compact overview of the development of group movements over time and thus, enables analysts to visually identify and explore group-specific temporal patterns. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in the field of fish swarm analysis and report on initial feedback of domain experts from the field of collective behavior.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1941-0506
    ISSN (online) 1941-0506
    DOI 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865049
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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