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Article ; Online: Infrared analysis in the aqueous humor of patients with uveitis: Preliminary results

Caldrer, Sara / Deotto, Niccolò / Pertile, Grazia / Bellisola, Giuseppe / Guidi, Mariangela Cestelli

Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology. 2023 Apr. 18, p.112715-

2023 , Page(s) 112715–

Abstract: Inflammatory processes affecting the uvea result in a temporary o permanent blurred vision and represent an important cause of visual impairment worldwide. It is often hard to make a precise diagnosis which is dependent on the clinical expertise, ... ...

Abstract	Inflammatory processes affecting the uvea result in a temporary o permanent blurred vision and represent an important cause of visual impairment worldwide. It is often hard to make a precise diagnosis which is dependent on the clinical expertise, diagnostic tests, laboratory investigations in blood and sometimes in the aqueous humor (AH). With the aim of obtaining proof of principle Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectroscopy was applied to study the molecular composition of 72 AH samples collected in 26 patients with uveitis and in 44 controls. The unsupervised exploration of the internal structure of the dataset by principal component analysis reduced hundreds IR variables to those most representative allowing to obtain the predictive model that distinguished the AH spectra of patients with uveitis from controls. The same result was obtained by unsupervised agglomerative cluster analysis. After labeling the spectra with some clinical information it was observed that most severe uveitis with active processes were grouped separately from chronic and relapsing uveitis and controls. The consistence of prediction models is discussed in the light of supporting etiological diagnosis by machine learning processes. In conclusion, proof of principle has been obtained that the IR spectral pattern of AH may reflect particular uveal diseases.
Keywords	absorbance ; blood ; cluster analysis ; data collection ; etiology ; models ; photobiology ; photochemistry ; prediction ; principal component analysis ; spectroscopy ; vision ; vision disorders ; Aqueous humor ; FT-IR spectroscopy ; Hierarchical clustering ; Infrared pattern ; Uveitis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0418
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	623022-2
ISSN	1873-2682 ; 1011-1344
ISSN (online)	1873-2682
ISSN	1011-1344
DOI	10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112715
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Article ; Online: Infrared analysis in the aqueous humor of patients with uveitis: Preliminary results.

Caldrer, Sara / Deotto, Niccolò / Pertile, Grazia / Bellisola, Giuseppe / Guidi, Mariangela Cestelli

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

2023 Volume 243, Page(s) 112715

Abstract	Inflammatory processes affecting the uvea result in a temporary o permanent blurred vision and represent an important cause of visual impairment worldwide. It is often hard to make a precise diagnosis which is dependent on the clinical expertise, diagnostic tests, laboratory investigations in blood and sometimes in the aqueous humor (AH). With the aim of obtaining proof of principle Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectroscopy was applied to study the molecular composition of 72 AH samples collected in 26 patients with uveitis and in 44 controls. The unsupervised exploration of the internal structure of the dataset by principal component analysis reduced hundreds IR variables to those most representative allowing to obtain the predictive model that distinguished the AH spectra of patients with uveitis from controls. The same result was obtained by unsupervised agglomerative cluster analysis. After labeling the spectra with some clinical information it was observed that most severe uveitis with active processes were grouped separately from chronic and relapsing uveitis and controls. The consistence of prediction models is discussed in the light of supporting etiological diagnosis by machine learning processes. In conclusion, proof of principle has been obtained that the IR spectral pattern of AH may reflect particular uveal diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aqueous Humor ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Uveitis/diagnosis ; Cluster Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	623022-2
ISSN	1873-2682 ; 1011-1344
ISSN (online)	1873-2682
ISSN	1011-1344
DOI	10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112715
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Article: Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Anaemia: A Neglected Association Outside the Tropics.

Caldrer, Sara / Ursini, Tamara / Santucci, Beatrice / Motta, Leonardo / Angheben, Andrea

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 5

Abstract: Anaemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Among infectious agents responsible for anaemia, helminthic infections are often neglected, particularly in non-endemic countries. However, they should not be neglected in this setting, ... ...

Abstract	Anaemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Among infectious agents responsible for anaemia, helminthic infections are often neglected, particularly in non-endemic countries. However, they should not be neglected in this setting, as international travel and migration are on the rise. In this narrative review, we aimed to describe soil-transmitted helminths as a cause of or contributing factor to anaemia, focusing on hookworms (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10051027
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Article: Toxoplasma gondii Serotypes in Italian and Foreign Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a Homemade ELISA Test

Caldrer, Sara / Vola, Ambra / Ferrari, Guglielmo / Ursini, Tamara / Mazzi, Cristina / Meroni, Valeria / Beltrame, Anna

Microorganisms. 2022 Aug. 05, v. 10, no. 8

2022

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite responsible for human toxoplasmosis. The three major clonal lineages and different recombinant strains of T. gondii have a varied global distribution. This study aimed at evaluating the epidemiological ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite responsible for human toxoplasmosis. The three major clonal lineages and different recombinant strains of T. gondii have a varied global distribution. This study aimed at evaluating the epidemiological distribution of types II and I–III and recombinant or mixed T. gondii in Italians and foreigners residing in Italy, establishing an association between serotypes and demographic characteristics. We collected the sera of 188 subjects who had tested positive for specific T. gondii antibodies. The population was differentiated into groups based on sex, nationality, and place of birth (Italy, Africa, South America, Asia, or Europe (except Italy)). We then performed a homemade ELISA test that detected both the antibodies against the amino acid sequences of the three main genotype antigens (I–III) in human sera and discerned the T. gondii strains. Serotype II of T. gondii was the most prevalent in the Italian population, whereas type I–III was the most prevalent in the foreign group. Surprisingly, we observed a notable amount of recombinant or mixed serotypes in European and Italian subjects. Moreover, we showed a significant difference in the prevalence of T. gondii serotypes between men and women, Italians, and foreigners. This descriptive study is the first to investigate the epidemiological distribution of T. gondii serotypes in humans in Italy using a homemade ELISA. We considered this technique suitable for discriminating between serotypes II and I–III and, consequently, for an epidemiological study focusing on the observation of circulating T. gondii strains and clinical correlations.
Keywords	Protozoa ; Toxoplasma gondii ; amino acids ; cross-sectional studies ; descriptive studies ; epidemiological studies ; genotype ; geographical distribution ; humans ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; parasites ; serotypes ; toxoplasmosis ; Africa ; Asia ; Italy ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0805
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10081577
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Toxoplasma gondii

Caldrer, Sara / Vola, Ambra / Ferrari, Guglielmo / Ursini, Tamara / Mazzi, Cristina / Meroni, Valeria / Beltrame, Anna

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Toxoplasma ... ...

Abstract	Toxoplasma gondii
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10081577
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Article: Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Subjects with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Gobbi, Federico / Buonfrate, Dora / Moro, Lucia / Rodari, Paola / Piubelli, Chiara / Caldrer, Sara / Riccetti, Silvia / Sinigaglia, Alessandro / Barzon, Luisa

Viruses. 2021 Mar. 05, v. 13, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Although antibody levels progressively decrease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immune memory persists for months. Thus, individuals who naturally contracted SARS-CoV-2 are expected to develop a more rapid and sustained response to COVID-19 vaccines ... ...

Abstract	Although antibody levels progressively decrease following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immune memory persists for months. Thus, individuals who naturally contracted SARS-CoV-2 are expected to develop a more rapid and sustained response to COVID-19 vaccines than naïve individuals. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in six healthcare workers who contracted SARS-CoV-2 in March 2020, in comparison to nine control subjects without a previous infection. The vaccine was well tolerated by both groups, with no significant difference in the frequency of vaccine-associated side effects, with the exception of local pain, which was more common in previously infected subjects. Overall, the titers of neutralizing antibodies were markedly higher in response to the vaccine than after natural infection. In all subjects with pre-existing immunity, a rapid increase in anti-spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers was observed one week after the first dose, which seemed to act as a booster. Notably, in previously infected individuals, neutralizing antibody titers 7 days after the first vaccine dose were not significantly different from those observed in naïve subjects 7 days after the second vaccine dose. These results suggest that, in previously infected people, a single dose of the vaccine might be sufficient to induce an effective response.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antibody formation ; health services ; immunologic memory ; pain ; vaccines
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0305
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v13030422
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Changes in the Adaptive Cellular Repertoire after Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in a Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers.

Caldrer, Sara / Accordini, Silvia / Mazzi, Cristina / Tiberti, Natalia / Deiana, Michela / Matucci, Andrea / Rizzi, Eleonora / Tais, Stefano / Filippo, Fabio / Verzè, Matteo / Cattaneo, Paolo / Chiecchi, Gian Paolo / Castilletti, Concetta / Delledonne, Massimo / Gobbi, Federico / Piubelli, Chiara

Vaccines

2024 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: Currently approved vaccines are highly effective in protecting against hospitalization and severe COVID-19 infections. How pre-existing immunity responds to new variants with mutated antigens is crucial information for elucidating the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Currently approved vaccines are highly effective in protecting against hospitalization and severe COVID-19 infections. How pre-existing immunity responds to new variants with mutated antigens is crucial information for elucidating the functional interplay between antibodies and B and T cell responses during infection with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: In this study, we monitored the dynamics and persistence of the immune response versus different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that emerged during the pandemic period (2021-2022) in a cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers, who experienced breakthrough infection in the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron waves. We evaluated both the humoral and cell-mediated responses after infection. We also evaluated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies levels produced by infection in comparison with those produced after vaccination. Results: Our results highlighted that the immune response against the Delta VOC mainly involved an adaptive humoral and switched memory B cells component, even 3 months after the last vaccine dose, conversely showing a high percentage of depleted adaptive T cells. Omicron infections triggered a consistent production of non-vaccine-associated anti-N antibodies, probably to balance the spike epitope immune escape mechanisms. Conclusion: Our results suggest a direct dependence between the VOC and different humoral and B and T cell balances in the post-infection period, despite the administration of a different number of vaccine doses and the elapsed time since the last vaccination.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines12030230
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Article ; Online: Infrared biomarkers of impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein biogenesis.

Bellisola, Giuseppe / Caldrer, Sara / Cestelli-Guidi, Mariangela / Cinque, Gianfelice

Journal of biophotonics

2019 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e201900174

Abstract: The mid-infrared (IR) spectra of human cystic fibrosis (CF) cells acquired by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy were compared with those of non-CF cells. Within the 1700 to 1480 ... ...

Abstract	The mid-infrared (IR) spectra of human cystic fibrosis (CF) cells acquired by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy were compared with those of non-CF cells. Within the 1700 to 1480 cm
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mutation
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2390063-5
ISSN	1864-0648 ; 1864-063X
ISSN (online)	1864-0648
ISSN	1864-063X
DOI	10.1002/jbio.201900174
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Article: Humoral Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination with booster dose in solid tumor patients with different anticancer treatments.

Piubelli, Chiara / Valerio, Matteo / Verzè, Matteo / Nicolis, Fabrizio / Mantoan, Carlotta / Zamboni, Sonia / Perandin, Francesca / Rizzi, Eleonora / Tais, Stefano / Degani, Monica / Caldrer, Sara / Gobbi, Federico Giovanni / Bisoffi, Zeno / Gori, Stefania

Frontiers in oncology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1089944

Abstract: Introduction: Cancer patients are at risk for serious complications in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In these patients SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is strongly recommended, with the preferential use of mRNA vaccines. The antibody response in cancer patients ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Cancer patients are at risk for serious complications in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In these patients SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is strongly recommended, with the preferential use of mRNA vaccines. The antibody response in cancer patients is variable, depending on the type of cancer and antitumoral treatment. In solid tumor patients an antibody response similar to healthy subjects has been confirmed after the second dose. Only few studies explored the duration of immunization after the two doses and the effect of the third dose. Methods: In our study we explored a cohort of 273 solid tumor patients at different stages and treated with different anticancer therapies. Results and discussion: Our analysis demonstrated that the persistence of the neutralizing antibody and the humoral response after the booster dose of vaccine was not dependent on either the tumor type, the stage or type of anticancer treatment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2023.1089944
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Article ; Online: Subjects who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM after vaccination show a longer humoral immunity and a lower frequency of infection.

Piubelli, Chiara / Ruggiero, Alessandra / Calciano, Lucia / Mazzi, Cristina / Castilletti, Concetta / Tiberti, Natalia / Caldrer, Sara / Verzè, Matteo / Longoni, Silvia Stefania / Accordini, Simone / Bisoffi, Zeno / Zipeto, Donato

EBioMedicine

2023 Volume 89, Page(s) 104471

Abstract: Background: We have previously shown that eliciting SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM after vaccination is associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgG. This study aims to assess whether IgM development is also associated with longer-lasting ... ...

Abstract	Background: We have previously shown that eliciting SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM after vaccination is associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgG. This study aims to assess whether IgM development is also associated with longer-lasting immunity. Methods: We analysed anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG and IgM (IgG-S, IgM-S), and anti-nucleocapsid IgG (IgG-N) in 1872 vaccinees at different time points: before the first dose (D1; w0), before the second dose (D2; w3) at three (w6) and 23 weeks (w29) after D2; moreover, 109 subjects were further tested at the booster dose (D3, w44), at 3 weeks (w47) and 6 months (w70) after D3. Two-level linear regression models were used to evaluate the differences in IgG-S levels. Findings: In subjects who had no evidence of a previous infection at D1 (non-infected, NI), IgM-S development after D1 and D2 was associated with higher IgG-S levels at short (w6, p < 0.0001) and long (w29, p < 0.001) follow-up. Similar IgG-S levels were observed after D3. The majority (28/33, 85%) of the NI subjects who had developed IgM-S in response to vaccination did not experience infection. Interpretation: The development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM-S following D1 and D2 is associated with higher IgG-S levels. Most individuals who developed IgM-S never became infected, suggesting that IgM elicitation may be associated with a lower risk of infection. Funding: "Fondi Ricerca Corrente" and "Progetto Ricerca Finalizzata" COVID-2020 (Italian Ministry of Health); FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022 (MIUR, Italy); the Brain Research Foundation Verona.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin M ; Vaccination ; Immunoglobulin G
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851331-9
ISSN	2352-3964
ISSN (online)	2352-3964
DOI	10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104471
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