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  1. Article ; Online: The Radiologist's Role in a Breast Multidisciplinary Tumor Board.

    Rockoff, Steven J / Flanagan, Meghan R / Kim, Janice N / Banda, Kalyan / Calhoun, Kristine E / Lam, Diana L

    Journal of breast imaging

    2024  Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 372–381

    Abstract: Breast multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) play an important role in determining treatment. This article serves as a guide for the radiologist participating in a breast MTB, as the information presented at MTB can significantly influence treatment ... ...

    Abstract Breast multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) play an important role in determining treatment. This article serves as a guide for the radiologist participating in a breast MTB, as the information presented at MTB can significantly influence treatment plans and dictate future steps for further patient work-up. Multidisciplinary tumor board preparation involves a careful review of the patient's history while gathering all relevant imaging studies, and reinterpreting them when appropriate. Presented images should be carefully selected, annotated, and displayed clearly before providing final recommendations for localization and incompletely assessed findings. Anatomic staging factors from the AJCC Breast Cancer Staging System, such as tumor size and degree of suspected skin involvement, should be described. In addition, there are many other types of information that the treatment specialists want to know. The surgeon is interested in anatomic information that will help them decide whether breast conservation therapy is feasible or if local structures, such as the nipple, can be spared. The radiation oncologist may need to know whether accelerated partial breast irradiation is feasible or if postmastectomy radiation therapy is indicated. The medical oncologist is looking for factors that may provide an indication for neoadjuvant therapy and ensuring there is a reliable follow-up method for evaluating the response to treatment, such as comparative MRI. Additionally, all specialists need to know the extent of suspected nodal involvement. By clearly and comprehensively presenting this information to the rest of the MTB team, the radiologist provides a vital contribution that guides treatment and ensures adherence to clinical guidelines.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2631-6129
    ISSN (online) 2631-6129
    DOI 10.1093/jbi/wbaa030
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  2. Article ; Online: Breast cancer stem cells--ready for their close-up?

    Calhoun, Kristine E

    JAMA surgery

    2013  Volume 148, Issue 9, Page(s) 878

    MeSH term(s) Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis/genetics ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics ; Stem Cells/pathology
    Chemical Substances Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.137) ; PIK3CA protein, human (EC 2.7.1.137) ; AKT1 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; HRAS protein, human (EC 3.6.5.2) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3070
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  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of Potential Gender Bias in General Surgery Resident Milestone Evaluations.

    Anderson, Jamie E / Zern, Nicole K / Calhoun, Kristine E / Wood, Douglas E / Smith, Caitlin A

    JAMA surgery

    2022  Volume 157, Issue 12, Page(s) 1164–1166

    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexism ; Internship and Residency ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Accreditation ; Clinical Competence ; General Surgery/education ; Educational Measurement
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.3929
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  4. Article ; Online: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student education: Implementation and outcome of a virtual general surgery curriculum.

    Zern, Nicole K / Yale, Laura A / Whipple, Mark E / Allen, Suzanne M / Wood, Douglas E / Tatum, Roger P / Perkins, James D / Calhoun, Kristine E

    American journal of surgery

    2022  Volume 224, Issue 1 Pt B, Page(s) 612–616

    Abstract: Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools were forced to adapt clinical curricula. The University of Washington School of Medicine created a hybrid in person and virtual general surgery clerkship.: Methods: The third year general ... ...

    Abstract Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools were forced to adapt clinical curricula. The University of Washington School of Medicine created a hybrid in person and virtual general surgery clerkship.
    Methods: The third year general surgery clerkship was modified to a 4-week in person and 2-week virtual clerkship to accommodate the same number of learners in less time. All students completed a survey to assess the impact of the virtual clerkship.
    Results: The students preferred faculty lectures over national modules in the virtual clerkship. 58.6% indicated they would prefer the virtual component before the in-person experience. There was no change from previous years in final grades or clerkship exam scores after this hybrid curriculum.
    Conclusions: If the need for a virtual general surgery curriculum arises again in the future, learners value this experience at the beginning of the clerkship and prefer faculty lectures over national modules.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Clinical Clerkship ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; General Surgery/education ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2953-1
    ISSN 1879-1883 ; 0002-9610
    ISSN (online) 1879-1883
    ISSN 0002-9610
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.03.035
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  5. Article ; Online: Risk of Lobular Neoplasia Upgrade with Synchronous Carcinoma.

    Crary, Isabelle L / Parker, Elizabeth U / Lowry, Kathryn P / Patwardhan, Pranav P / Soong, Thing Rinda / Javid, Sara H / Calhoun, Kristine E / Flanagan, Meghan R

    Annals of surgical oncology

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 6350–6358

    Abstract: Background: Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and classic lobular carcinoma in situ encompass a spectrum of proliferative lesions known as lobular neoplasia (LN). When imaging-concordant and found in isolation on core needle biopsy (CNB), LN ... ...

    Abstract Background: Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and classic lobular carcinoma in situ encompass a spectrum of proliferative lesions known as lobular neoplasia (LN). When imaging-concordant and found in isolation on core needle biopsy (CNB), LN infrequently upgrades to carcinoma on surgical excision, and routine excision is not indicated. Upgrade rates in the setting of synchronous carcinoma are not well studied.
    Patients and methods: Patients with radiology-pathology concordant synchronous LN and separately biopsied ipsilateral (n = 35) or contralateral (n = 15) carcinoma who underwent excision between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively identified. Frequency of upgrade, to either invasive or in situ carcinoma, was quantified, and factors associated with upgrade were assessed using Fisher's exact test.
    Results: The median age was 55 (range 33-74) years. The upgrade rate of LN was 6% and not significantly different between ipsilateral (2.9%) and contralateral (13.3%) carcinoma (p = 0.15). All upgraded LN lesions were ALH on CNB and detected as non-mass enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). No additional disease was demonstrated after excision at the site of the original LN CNB in 22.9% (8 out of 35) of ipsilateral and 13.3% (2 out of 15) of contralateral patients. Upgrade was not associated with family history, menopausal status, imaging modality used to detect LN, or extent of LN on CNB (p > 0.05).
    Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a low upgrade rate (6%) in our study cohort of LN with synchronous ipsilateral or contralateral carcinoma, which suggests that not all LN mandates excision with synchronous carcinoma. Larger, multi-institution studies are needed to validate these findings.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast Carcinoma In Situ/pathology ; Breast Carcinoma In Situ/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ/pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1200469-8
    ISSN 1534-4681 ; 1068-9265
    ISSN (online) 1534-4681
    ISSN 1068-9265
    DOI 10.1245/s10434-022-12129-4
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    Zs.A 4042: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Exploring the Influence of Gender on Surgical Clerkship Grades and Test Scores: A Single Institution, Multisite Comparison.

    Sobol, Danielle L / Berfield, Kathleen S / Shalhub, Sherene / Tatum, Roger P / Yale, Laura A / Perkins, James D / Calhoun, Kristine E

    Journal of surgical education

    2022  Volume 79, Issue 5, Page(s) 1132–1139

    Abstract: Objective: General surgery remains a male-dominated specialty. Women constitute 54% of medical students at the University of Washington, but only 3.4% of full professors within the Department of Surgery. Many believe surgical attrition and "the leaky ... ...

    Abstract Objective: General surgery remains a male-dominated specialty. Women constitute 54% of medical students at the University of Washington, but only 3.4% of full professors within the Department of Surgery. Many believe surgical attrition and "the leaky pipeline" starts during medical school clerkships, but the exact deterrents remain undefined. This study examined the impact of gender on grading during the third-year surgical clerkship.
    Design: Retrospective analysis of confidential final clerkship grades, examination scores and subjective clerkship grades was conducted. These were compared by gender, time period, and type of clerkship site. Chi-square analyses were performed.
    Setting: Clerkship sites across multiple academic (n = 6) and nonacademic (n = 14) locations.
    Participants: All third-year medical students undergoing a core surgical clerkship over 2 time periods-2007 to 2010 (period 1) and 2016 to 2019 (period 2)-were included.
    Results: There were 539 medical students in period 1 and 792 in period 2. The percentage of women was stable over time (52.0% vs 54.2%, p = 0.43). Final clerkship grades of Honors increased significantly from period 1 to 2 (22.3% vs 44.3%, p < 0.0001) and was similarly distributed by gender (women: 21.4% vs 48.0%, p < 0.0001; men 23.2% vs 39.9%, p < 0.0001). Honors on examinations remained stable over time and did not differ by gender. Women earned more final clerkship honors than men at academic sites in period 2 (48.4% vs 30.9%, p < 0.001). This finding was not identified in period 1, nor at nonacademic sites.
    Conclusion: There was a significant increase in surgical clerkship honors over the past decade, independent of gender. Women attained more clinical and final clerkship honors than men and similar exam grades as time progressed, suggesting that gender bias in the subjective grading of women at this institution does not directly contribute to the loss of talented women as they progress from medical student to faculty within the department, with said gender imbalance not related to clerkship evaluations.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sexism ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2277538-9
    ISSN 1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
    ISSN (online) 1878-7452
    ISSN 1931-7204
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.05.008
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  7. Article ; Online: Association of Sex With Perceived Career Barriers Among Surgeons.

    Zern, Nicole K / Shalhub, Sherene / Wood, Douglas E / Calhoun, Kristine E

    JAMA surgery

    2019  Volume 154, Issue 12, Page(s) 1155–1158

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Career Mobility ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Physicians, Women/psychology ; Sex Factors ; Sexism ; Surgeons/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Washington
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2648
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  8. Article ; Online: Association of Residency Applicants' Hobbies and Subsequent Technical Proficiency Ratings as General Surgery Chief Residents: A Multi-Institutional Study.

    Cook, James / de Virgilio, Christian / Purdy, Amanda / Poola, V Prasad / Tolles, Juliana / Smith, Brian / Simms, Eric / Calhoun, Kristine E / Jarman, Benjamin / Salcedo, Edgardo S / Frey, Edgar / Wu, Esther / Agopian, Vatche / Cryer, Chad / Fleischman, Ross / Dickinson, Karen J / Roy, Mayank / Han, Amy / Amersi, Farin

    Journal of surgical education

    2024  Volume 81, Issue 3, Page(s) 339–343

    Abstract: Objective: To determine whether participation in certain hobbies (e.g., participation in sports, playing musical instruments, or other hobbies requiring fine motor skills), preresidency, are associated with higher technical skills ratings at the time of ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine whether participation in certain hobbies (e.g., participation in sports, playing musical instruments, or other hobbies requiring fine motor skills), preresidency, are associated with higher technical skills ratings at the time of residency graduation.
    Design: Faculty members from 14 general surgery residency programs scored individual graduates from 2017 to 2020 on their technical skills using a 5-point Likert scale. Hobbies for these residents were collected from their Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) data. A single reviewer classified each ERAS hobby into predefined categories including musical instruments, sports requiring hand-eye coordination, team sports, and activities necessitating hand-eye coordination. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the relationship between each category of hobby-as well as the total number of hobbies in each category-and the outcome of surgical faculty ratings of residents' technical surgical skills during their last year of residency. A proportional odds model including the above predictive variables was also fit to the data.
    Setting: Fourteen general surgery residency programs.
    Participants: General surgery residency graduates from 14 different programs from 2017 to 2020.
    Results: There were 296 residents across 14 institutions. The average ranking of residents' technical skills was 3.24 (SD 1.1). A total of 40% of residents played sports involving hand-eye coordination, 31% played team sports, 28% participated in nonsport hobbies that require eye-hand coordination, and 20% played musical instruments. Correlation coefficients were not statistically significant for any of the categories. In the proportional odds model, none of the variables were associated with statistically significant increased odds of a higher technical skills rating.
    Conclusions: There was no correlation between general surgery chief residents' technical skills as rated by faculty, and self-reported pre-residency hobbies on the ERAS application. These findings suggest such hobbies prior to residency are unlikely to predict future technical skills prowess.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hobbies ; Internship and Residency ; General Surgery/education ; Clinical Competence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2277538-9
    ISSN 1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
    ISSN (online) 1878-7452
    ISSN 1931-7204
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.11.021
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  9. Article ; Online: Needle biopsy for breast cancer diagnosis: a quality metric for breast surgical practice.

    Calhoun, Kristine E / Anderson, Benjamin O

    Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

    2014  Volume 32, Issue 21, Page(s) 2191–2192

    MeSH term(s) Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; Clinical Competence ; Female ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 604914-x
    ISSN 1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
    ISSN (online) 1527-7755
    ISSN 0732-183X
    DOI 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.6324
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  10. Article ; Online: The impact of COVID-19 on medical student surgical education: Implementing extreme pandemic response measures in a widely distributed surgical clerkship experience.

    Calhoun, Kristine E / Yale, Laura A / Whipple, Mark E / Allen, Suzanne M / Wood, Douglas E / Tatum, Roger P

    American journal of surgery

    2020  Volume 220, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–47

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Clinical Clerkship/organization & administration ; Clinical Clerkship/standards ; Clinical Competence ; Coronavirus Infections ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/organization & administration ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards ; Educational Measurement ; General Surgery/education ; General Surgery/standards ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students, Medical ; Time Factors
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2953-1
    ISSN 1879-1883 ; 0002-9610
    ISSN (online) 1879-1883
    ISSN 0002-9610
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.04.024
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