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Article ; Online: Oritavancin as sequential therapy for Gram-positive bloodstream infections.

Texidor, Williams Monier / Miller, Matthew A / Molina, Kyle C / Krsak, Martin / Calvert, Barbara / Hart, Caitlin / Storer, Marie / Fish, Douglas N

BMC infectious diseases

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 127

Abstract: Background: Oritavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide approved for use in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, has limited data evaluating use in serious infections due to Gram-positive organisms. We aimed to assess the effectiveness ... ...

Abstract	Background: Oritavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide approved for use in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, has limited data evaluating use in serious infections due to Gram-positive organisms. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of oritavancin for consolidative treatment of Gram-positive bloodstream infections (BSI), including infective endocarditis (IE). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating adult patients admitted to University of Colorado Hospital from March 2016 to January 2022 who received ≥ 1 oritavancin dose for treatment of Gram-positive BSI. Patients were excluded if the index culture was drawn at an outside facility or were > 89 years of age. The primary outcome was a 90-day composite failure (clinical or microbiological failure) in those with 90-day follow-up. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, acute kidney injury (AKI), infusion-related reactions (IRR), and institutional cost avoidance. Results: Overall, 72 patients were included. Mean ± SD age was 54 ± 16 years, 61% were male, and 10% had IE. Organisms most commonly causing BSI were Staphylococcus aureus (68%, 17% methicillin-resistant), followed by Streptococcus spp. (26%), and Enterococcus spp. (10%). Patients received standard-of-care antibiotics before oritavancin for a median (IQR) of 11 (5-17) days. Composite failure in the clinically evaluable population (n = 64) at 90-days occurred in 14% and was composed of clinical and microbiological failure, which occurred in 14% and 5% of patients, respectively. Three patients (4%) experienced AKI after oritavancin, and two (3%) experienced an IRR. Oritavancin utilization resulted in earlier discharge for 94% of patients corresponding to an institutional cost-avoidance of $3,055,804 (mean $44,938/patient) from 1,102 hospital days saved (mean 16 days/patient). Conclusions: The use of oritavancin may be an effective sequential therapy for Gram-positive BSI to facilitate early discharge resulting in institutional cost avoidance.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Lipoglycopeptides/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Endocarditis ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Vancomycin/analogs & derivatives
Chemical Substances	oritavancin (PUG62FRZ2E) ; Lipoglycopeptides ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041550-3
ISSN	1471-2334 ; 1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
ISSN	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-023-08725-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Robotic Spot Spraying of Harrisia Cactus (

Calvert, Brendan / Olsen, Alex / Whinney, James / Rahimi Azghadi, Mostafa

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 10

Abstract: Harrisia cactus, ...

Abstract	Harrisia cactus,
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10102054
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Article: Robotic Spot Spraying of Harrisia Cactus (Harrisia martinii) in Grazing Pastures of the Australian Rangelands

Calvert, Brendan / Olsen, Alex / Whinney, James / Rahimi Azghadi, Mostafa

Plants. 2021 Sept. 29, v. 10, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Harrisia cactus, Harrisia martinii, is a serious weed affecting hundreds of thousands of hectares of native pasture in the Australian rangelands. Despite the landmark success of past biological control agents for the invasive weed and significant ... ...

Abstract	Harrisia cactus, Harrisia martinii, is a serious weed affecting hundreds of thousands of hectares of native pasture in the Australian rangelands. Despite the landmark success of past biological control agents for the invasive weed and significant investment in its eradication by the Queensland Government (roughly $156M since 1960), it still takes hold in the cooler rangeland environments of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. In the past decade, landholders with large infestations in these locations have spent approximately $20,000 to $30,000 per annum on herbicide control measures to reduce the impact of the weed on their grazing operations. Current chemical control requires manual hand spot spraying with high quantities of herbicide for foliar application. These methods are labour intensive and costly, and in some cases inhibit landholders from performing control at all. Robotic spot spraying offers a potential solution to these issues, but existing solutions are not suitable for the rangeland environment. This work presents the methods and results of an in situ field trial of a novel robotic spot spraying solution, AutoWeed, for treating harrisia cactus that (1) more than halves the operation time, (2) can reduce herbicide usage by up to 54% and (3) can reduce the cost of herbicide by up to $18.15 per ha compared to the existing hand spraying approach. The AutoWeed spot spraying system used the MobileNetV2 deep learning architecture to perform real time spot spraying of harrisia cactus with 97.2% average recall accuracy and weed knockdown efficacy of up to 96%. Experimental trials showed that the AutoWeed spot sprayer achieved the same level of knockdown of harrisia cactus as traditional hand spraying in low, medium and high density infestations. This work represents a significant step forward for spot spraying of weeds in the Australian rangelands that will reduce labour and herbicide costs for landholders as the technology sees more uptake in the future.
Keywords	biological control ; cacti and succulents ; chemical control ; field experimentation ; foliar application ; herbicides ; invasive species ; labor ; pastures ; rangelands ; robots ; sprayers ; weeds ; Queensland
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0929
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10102054
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Midwifery education in Pacific Island countries: A discussion paper.

Smith, Rachel M / Calvert, Boe / Kata, Eleni / Hataogo, Senimelia / Ioane, Tareti Ruaia / Tarabo, Monica / Kiritome, Maile / Abraham, Jyothi / Lees, Taua'itala / Devi, Clara / Ross, Leila / Mafi, Lower Leaving / Tuitupou, Telesia / Blackburn, Kara / Homer, Caroline Se

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives

2023 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) e605–e612

Abstract: Background: The aim for 95% maternal health care coverage and zero-unmet need for family planning in Pacific Island countries by 2030 could be achieved by strengthening the midwifery workforce. To enable health services to provide accessible, locally ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aim for 95% maternal health care coverage and zero-unmet need for family planning in Pacific Island countries by 2030 could be achieved by strengthening the midwifery workforce. To enable health services to provide accessible, locally acceptable, and high-quality care, the midwifery workforce must be regulated and educated to global standards and supported to practice in enabling environments. In 2019, around 64,000 live births occurred in Pacific Island countries, yet information regarding the state the midwifery workforce and midwifery education is limited. Aim: Using data from recent reports and country case studies, this paper provides an overview of the current midwifery education situation in Pacific Island countries and discusses strategic directions for strengthening quality midwifery education and therefore quality midwifery care provision in Pacific Island countries. Discussion: Six Pacific Island countries have midwifery curricula, all post-nursing programs, although few offer midwifery education programs on a regular annual basis. Current programs do not meet ICM Global Standards for Midwifery Education. Critical areas for strengthening include making underpinning philosophical frameworks, the vision for midwifery education, and program intended learning outcomes explicit in curricula documents and ensuring integration of these in program implementation. Fortunately, five of six midwifery education programs are under processes of renewal and strengthening against global, regional, and national standards. Conclusion: Strengthening the midwifery workforce in the Pacific to meet maternal and newborn health targets can be achieved through supporting the existing midwifery education programs to meet global standards. Strengthened midwifery education programs in Pacific Island countries offer an opportunity to meet each country's maternal and newborn health targets.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2235085-8
ISSN	1878-1799 ; 1871-5192
ISSN (online)	1878-1799
ISSN	1871-5192
DOI	10.1016/j.wombi.2023.05.008
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Article: Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells.

Calvert, B A / Quiroz, E J / Lorenzana, Z / Doan, N / Kim, S / Senger, C N / Wallace, W D / Salomon, M P / Henley, J / Ryan, A L

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2022

Abstract: In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre-existing co- morbidities correlating to incidence of ... ...

Abstract	In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre-existing co- morbidities correlating to incidence of severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS- CoV-2 infection. To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented pro-inflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory response is polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2021.08.09.455472
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Article ; Online: GP careers: changing student perspectives.

Calvert, Brooke / Williams, Harriet / Rosenthal, Joe

The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

2014 Volume 64, Issue 621, Page(s) 201–202

MeSH term(s)	Career Choice ; General Practice ; Humans ; Students, Medical ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1043148-2
ISSN	1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
ISSN (online)	1478-5242
ISSN	0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
DOI	10.3399/bjgp14X679499
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Article ; Online: Improving maternal and newborn health and reducing stillbirths in the Western Pacific Region - current situation and the way forward.

Vallely, Lisa M / Calvert, Boe / De Silva, Manarangi / Panisi, Leeanne / Babona, Delly / Bolnga, John / Duro-Aina, Titilola / Noovao-Hill, Amanda / Naidu, Swaran / Leisher, Susannah / Flenady, Vicki / Smith, Rachel M / Vogel, Joshua P / Homer, Caroline S E

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific

2022 Volume 32, Page(s) 100653

Abstract: Despite positive trends in many indicators, there remains an unacceptable burden of preventable maternal, newborn deaths and stillbirths every year. This paper provides an overview of the maternal and perinatal outcomes across 22 Pacific Island Countries ...

Abstract	Despite positive trends in many indicators, there remains an unacceptable burden of preventable maternal, newborn deaths and stillbirths every year. This paper provides an overview of the maternal and perinatal outcomes across 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories, including Papua New Guinea. We highlight some unique challenges and provide examples of initiatives in three of the larger countries to contribute to safer childbirth. There are high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in many of the countries, although reliable data are limited. There are currently no data relating to the burden of intrapartum-related maternal and perinatal morbidity or stillbirth or the quality of intrapartum care. Varying definitions across countries for perinatal indicators mean that meaningful comparisons are difficult and unreliable. There is need for midwives and other maternal and newborn health providers to improve maternal and newborn indicators as countries advance towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2666-6065
ISSN (online)	2666-6065
DOI	10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100653
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Article ; Online: DeepWeeds: A Multiclass Weed Species Image Dataset for Deep Learning.

Olsen, Alex / Konovalov, Dmitry A / Philippa, Bronson / Ridd, Peter / Wood, Jake C / Johns, Jamie / Banks, Wesley / Girgenti, Benjamin / Kenny, Owen / Whinney, James / Calvert, Brendan / Azghadi, Mostafa Rahimi / White, Ronald D

Scientific reports

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 2058

Abstract: Robotic weed control has seen increased research of late with its potential for boosting productivity in agriculture. Majority of works focus on developing robotics for croplands, ignoring the weed management problems facing rangeland stock farmers. ... ...

Abstract	Robotic weed control has seen increased research of late with its potential for boosting productivity in agriculture. Majority of works focus on developing robotics for croplands, ignoring the weed management problems facing rangeland stock farmers. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to widespread uptake of robotic weed control is the robust classification of weed species in their natural environment. The unparalleled successes of deep learning make it an ideal candidate for recognising various weed species in the complex rangeland environment. This work contributes the first large, public, multiclass image dataset of weed species from the Australian rangelands; allowing for the development of robust classification methods to make robotic weed control viable. The DeepWeeds dataset consists of 17,509 labelled images of eight nationally significant weed species native to eight locations across northern Australia. This paper presents a baseline for classification performance on the dataset using the benchmark deep learning models, Inception-v3 and ResNet-50. These models achieved an average classification accuracy of 95.1% and 95.7%, respectively. We also demonstrate real time performance of the ResNet-50 architecture, with an average inference time of 53.4 ms per image. These strong results bode well for future field implementation of robotic weed control methods in the Australian rangelands.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/methods ; Australia ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Deep Learning ; Environment ; Machine Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Robotics/methods ; Weed Control/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-018-38343-3
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Article ; Online: Embolization of prostatic brachytherapy seeds to pulmonary arteries

Alexander D. Calvert, BS / Andrew W. Dyer, MD / Van A. Montgomery, MD

Radiology Case Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 34-

a case study

2017 Volume 38

Abstract: Pulmonary seed embolization is a complication of prostatic brachytherapy with varying incidence rates. Key factors that reportedly influence the incidence of seed embolization include planning volume, quantity of seeds, seed placement, and type of seeds ( ...

Abstract	Pulmonary seed embolization is a complication of prostatic brachytherapy with varying incidence rates. Key factors that reportedly influence the incidence of seed embolization include planning volume, quantity of seeds, seed placement, and type of seeds (stranded vs free). The clinical implications of seed migration are unclear because sequelae were not demonstrated in multiple short-term studies yet there have been several reports of long-term complications. We report a case of a 56-year-old patient who presented with dyspnea approximately 6 years after brachytherapy treatment for a very low-risk prostate cancer. Chest radiograph showed multiple linear densities overlying the right suprahilar lung. Computed tomography confirmed the location of the densities within the pulmonary arteries in the right upper lobe.
Keywords	Brachytherapy ; Seed migration ; Prostatic neoplasms ; Iodine-125 ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Performance analysis for a K-winners-take-all analog neural network: basic theory.

Marinov, C A / Calvert, B D

IEEE transactions on neural networks

2003 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 766–780

Abstract: In a previous work, the authors proposed an analog Hopfield-type neural network that identified the K largest components of a list of real numbers. In this work, we identify computable restrictions on the parameters, in order that the network can ... ...

Abstract	In a previous work, the authors proposed an analog Hopfield-type neural network that identified the K largest components of a list of real numbers. In this work, we identify computable restrictions on the parameters, in order that the network can repeatedly process lists, one after the other, at a given rate. A complete mathematical analysis gives analytical bounds for the time required in terms of circuit parameters, the length of the lists, and the relative separation of list elements. This allows practical setting of circuit parameters for required clocking times. The emphasis is on high gain functioning of each neuron. Numerical investigations show the accuracy of the theoretical predictions, and study the influence of various parameters on performance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2003
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1021767-8
ISSN	1941-0093 ; 1045-9227
ISSN (online)	1941-0093
ISSN	1045-9227
DOI	10.1109/TNN.2003.813833
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