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Article ; Online: Comorbidity genetic risk and pathways impact SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.

Jaros, Rachel K / Fadason, Tayaza / Cameron-Smith, David / Golovina, Evgeniia / O'Sullivan, Justin M

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 9879

Abstract: Understanding the genetic risk and mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities interact to impact acute and long-term sequelae is essential if we are to reduce the ongoing health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we use ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the genetic risk and mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities interact to impact acute and long-term sequelae is essential if we are to reduce the ongoing health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we use a de novo protein diffusion network analysis coupled with tissue-specific gene regulatory networks, to examine putative mechanisms for associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities. Our approach identifies a shared genetic aetiology and molecular mechanisms for known and previously unknown comorbidities of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Additionally, genomic variants, genes and biological pathways that provide putative causal mechanisms connecting inherited risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronary artery disease and Parkinson's disease are identified for the first time. Our findings provide an in depth understanding of genetic impacts on traits that collectively alter an individual's predisposition to acute and post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. The existence of complex inter-relationships between the comorbidities we identify raises the possibility of a much greater post-acute burden arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection if this genetic predisposition is realised.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Comorbidity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-36900-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Editorial: Modulators of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms to Lifestyle Strategies.

Figueiredo, Vandré C / Roberts, Llion A / Cameron-Smith, David / Markworth, James F

Frontiers in physiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 893698

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2022.893698
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Article: Postprandial lipemic response in dairy-avoiding females following an equal volume of sheep milk relative to cow milk: A randomized controlled trial.

Teng, Fei / Samuelsson, Linda M / Milan, Amber Marie / Subbaraj, Arvind / Agnew, Michael / Shrestha, Aahana / Cameron-Smith, David / Day, Li

Frontiers in nutrition

2023 Volume 9, Page(s) 1029813

Abstract: Background: Sheep milk (SM) is an alternate dairy source, which despite many similarities, has both compositional and structural differences in lipids compared to cow milk (CM). Studies are yet to examine the apparent digestibility of SM lipids, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sheep milk (SM) is an alternate dairy source, which despite many similarities, has both compositional and structural differences in lipids compared to cow milk (CM). Studies are yet to examine the apparent digestibility of SM lipids, relative to CM, and the potential impact on the plasma lipidome. Objective: To determine the response of the circulatory lipidome to equal volume servings of SM and CM, in females who avoid dairy products. Method: In a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial, self-described dairy avoiding females ( Results: The overall postprandial triglyceride (TG) response was similar between SM and CM. TG concentrations were comparable at fasting for both groups, however they were higher after CM consumption at 30 min (interaction milk × time Conclusions: Despite a higher fat content, SM ingestion resulted in a greater circulating abundance of MCTs, without increasing total postprandial triglyceride response, when compared to CM. The greater abundance and postprandial appearance of MCTs may provide advantageous metabolic responses in children and adults. Unique identifier and registry: U1111-1209-7768; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375324.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2022.1029813
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Article ; Online: Isocaloric Substitution of Plant-Based Protein for Animal-Based Protein and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Multiethnic Asian Population.

Lee, Yu Qi / Chia, Airu / Whitton, Clare / Cameron-Smith, David / Sim, Xueling / van Dam, Rob M / F-F Chong, Mary

The Journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 153, Issue 5, Page(s) 1555–1566

Abstract: Background: Evidence is accumulating that intake of animal-based and plant-based proteins has different effects on cardiometabolic health, but less is known about the health effect of isocaloric substitution of animal-based and plant-based proteins. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Evidence is accumulating that intake of animal-based and plant-based proteins has different effects on cardiometabolic health, but less is known about the health effect of isocaloric substitution of animal-based and plant-based proteins. Data from Asian populations are limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of isocaloric substitution of total plant-based proteins for total and various animal-based protein food groups and to evaluate the effects of substituting protein from legumes and pulses for various animal-based protein food groups on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and predicted 10-y CVD risk. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data collected from 9211 Singapore residents (aged 21-75 y) from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort. Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were collected using questionnaires. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ. BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured during a physical examination, and blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles. Associations were assessed by substitution models using a multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Isocaloric substitution of total plant-based proteins for total and all specific animal-based protein food groups were associated with lower BMI (β: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.22), waist circumference (β: -0.85; 95% CI: -1.04, -0.66), and LDL cholesterol concentrations (β: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.05) (P < 0.0056). Replacement of processed meat and processed seafood proteins with total plant-based proteins was associated with improvement in most CVD risk factors and predicted 10-y CVD risk. Replacement of oily fish with legume proteins was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and higher TG concentrations. Conclusions: The substitution of plant-based proteins for animal-based proteins, especially from processed meat and processed seafood, was inversely associated with the established CVD risk factors such as BMI, waist circumference, and lipid concentrations and predicted 10-y CVD risk. These findings warrant further investigation in independent studies in other Asian populations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Risk Factors ; Plant Proteins ; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Vegetables ; Lipids ; Diet
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218373-0
ISSN	1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
ISSN (online)	1541-6100
ISSN	0022-3166
DOI	10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.024
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Article ; Online: Plasma metabolomic response to high-carbohydrate meals of differing glycaemic load in overweight women.

Durainayagam, Brenan / Mitchell, Cameron J / Milan, Amber M / Kruger, Marlena C / Roy, Nicole C / Fraser, Karl / Cameron-Smith, David

European journal of nutrition

2023 Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) 2257–2267

Abstract: Background: Metabolomic dysregulation following a meal in overweight individuals with the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) involves multiple pathways of nutrient storage and oxidation.: Objective: The aim of the current study was to perform an acute cross- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Metabolomic dysregulation following a meal in overweight individuals with the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) involves multiple pathways of nutrient storage and oxidation. Objective: The aim of the current study was to perform an acute cross-over intervention to examine the interactive actions of meal glycaemic load (GL) on the dynamic responses of the plasma metabolome in overweight females. Methods: Postmenopausal women [63 ± 1.23y; Healthy (n = 20) and MetS (n = 20)] ingested two differing high-carbohydrate test meals (73 g carbohydrate; 51% energy) composed of either low glycemic index (LGI) or high (HGI) foods in a randomised sequence. Plasma metabolome was analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: In the overweight women with MetS, there were suppressed postprandial responses for several amino acids (AAs), including phenylalanine, leucine, valine, and tryptophan, p < 0.05), irrespective of the meal type. Meal GL exerted a limited impact on the overall metabolomic response, although the postprandial levels of alanine were higher with the low GL meal and uric acid was greater following the high GL meal (p < 0.05). Conclusions: MetS participants exhibited reduced differences in the concentrations of a small set of AAs and a limited group of metabolites implicated in energy metabolism following the meals. However, the manipulation of meal GL had minimal impact on the postprandial metabolome. This study suggests that the GL of a meal is not a major determinant of postprandial response, with a greater impact exerted by the metabolic health of the individual. Trial registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615001108505 (21/10/2015).
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Amino Acids ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism ; Glycemic Index/physiology ; Glycemic Load ; Insulin ; Meals ; Overweight ; Postprandial Period/physiology
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Blood Glucose ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-023-03151-7
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Article ; Online: The acute postprandial response of homocysteine to multivitamin and mineral supplementation with a standard meal is not impaired in older compared to younger adults

Gillies, Nicola A. / Sharma, Pankaja / Han, Soo Min / Teh, Ruth / Fraser, Karl / Roy, Nicole C. / Cameron-Smith, David / Milan, Amber M.

Eur J Nutr. 2023 Apr., v. 62, no. 3 p.1309-1322

2023

Abstract: PURPOSE: B vitamins are required for the complex regulation of homocysteine and one-carbon (1C) metabolism. Nutritional supplements are frequently used by older adults to counter nutritional inadequacies. However, the postprandial use of B vitamins from ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: B vitamins are required for the complex regulation of homocysteine and one-carbon (1C) metabolism. Nutritional supplements are frequently used by older adults to counter nutritional inadequacies. However, the postprandial use of B vitamins from supplements in 1C metabolism may be altered with age owing to impaired nutrient absorption and metabolic regulation. Despite implications for health and nutritional status, postprandial 1C metabolite responses have not been characterised in older adults. METHODS: Healthy older (n = 20, 65–76 years) and younger (n = 20, 19–30 years) participants were recruited through online and printed advertisements in Auckland, New Zealand. Participants consumed a multivitamin and mineral supplement with a standard breakfast meal. Blood samples were collected at baseline and hourly for 4 h following ingestion. Plasma 1C metabolites (betaine, choline, cysteine, dimethylglycine, glycine, methionine, serine) were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B₁₂ were quantified on a Cobas e411 autoanalyzer. RESULTS: Older adults had higher fasting homocysteine concentrations (older: 14.0 ± 2.9 µmol/L; younger: 12.2 ± 2.5 µmol/L; p = 0.036) despite higher folate (older: 36.7 ± 17.4 nmol/L; younger: 21.6 ± 7.6 nmol/L; p < 0.001) and similar vitamin B₁₂ concentrations (p = 0.143) to younger adults. However, a similar postprandial decline in homocysteine was found in older and younger subjects in response to the combined meal and supplement. Except for a faster decline of cystathionine in older adults (p = 0.003), the postprandial response of other 1C metabolites was similar between young and older adults. CONCLUSION: Healthy older adults appear to maintain postprandial responsiveness of 1C metabolism to younger adults, supported by a similar postprandial decline in homocysteine concentrations.
Keywords	betaine ; blood serum ; breakfast ; choline ; cystathionine ; cysteine ; decline ; folic acid ; homocysteine ; ingestion ; liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; metabolism ; metabolites ; methionine ; nutrient uptake ; nutritional status ; serine ; New Zealand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 1309-1322.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-022-03068-7
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Article ; Online: Protein Intake and Physical Activity Levels as Determinants of Sarcopenia Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Stoodley, Isobel L / Berthon, Bronwyn S / Scott, Hayley A / Williams, Evan J / Baines, Penelope J / Knox, Hannah / Wood, Sophie / Paradzayi, Beauty / Cameron-Smith, David / Wood, Lisa G

Nutrients

2024 Volume 16, Issue 9

Abstract: Community screening for sarcopenia is complex, with barriers including access to specialized equipment and trained staff to conduct body composition, strength and function assessment. In the current study, self-reported dietary protein intake and ... ...

Abstract	Community screening for sarcopenia is complex, with barriers including access to specialized equipment and trained staff to conduct body composition, strength and function assessment. In the current study, self-reported dietary protein intake and physical activity (PA) in adults ≥65 years was assessed relative to sarcopenia risk, as determined by body composition, strength and physical function assessments, consistent with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition. Of those screened (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Exercise ; Independent Living ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Body Composition ; Risk Factors ; Aged, 80 and over ; Muscle Strength ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; Self Report
Chemical Substances	Dietary Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu16091380
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Article ; Online: n - 3 Docosapentaenoic acid: the iceberg n - 3 fatty acid.

Ghasemi Fard, Samaneh / Cameron-Smith, David / Sinclair, Andrew J

Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care

2020 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 134–138

Abstract: Purpose of review: Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a minor omega-3 fatty acid (FA) which has been frequently overlooked in lipid research. This review examines the biochemical and physiological outcomes of human trials which have used pure preparations ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a minor omega-3 fatty acid (FA) which has been frequently overlooked in lipid research. This review examines the biochemical and physiological outcomes of human trials which have used pure preparations of DPA (n - 3 DPA) and also recent developments in specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from n - 3 DPA. Recent findings: There have been only been two human studies and eleven animal studies with pure n - 3 DPA. The doses of n - 3 DPA used in the human trials have been 1-2 g/day. n - 3 DPA abundance is increased in blood lipid fractions within 3-4 days of supplementation. n - 3 DPA has the potential for unique properties, with a greater similarity in biological functioning with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Despite the typically low levels of n - 3 DPA in most tissue lipids relative to EPA and DHA, unique SPMs, such as resolvins, maresins and protectins of the n - 3 DPA type, are involved in resolution of inflammation and regulating immune function. Summary: We suggest that measurement of blood levels of n - 3 DPA gives no indication of its broad biological roles, but that the true functionality of this enigmatic n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) remains obscure until more is known about the properties of the unique DPA-derived SPMs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Docosahexaenoic Acids ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8) ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid (AAN7QOV9EA) ; docosapentaenoic acid (NS3OZT14QT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1460178-3
ISSN	1473-6519 ; 1363-1950
ISSN (online)	1473-6519
ISSN	1363-1950
DOI	10.1097/MCO.0000000000000722
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Article: Comparing Response of Sheep and Cow Milk on Acute Digestive Comfort and Lactose Malabsorption: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Female Dairy Avoiders.

Shrestha, Aahana / Samuelsson, Linda M / Sharma, Pankaja / Day, Li / Cameron-Smith, David / Milan, Amber M

Frontiers in nutrition

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 603816

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2021.603816
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Article ; Online: Response to Bannenberg and Rice.

Satokar, Vidit V / Cutfield, Wayne S / Cameron-Smith, David / Albert, Benjamin B

Nutrition reviews

2021 Volume 80, Issue 1, Page(s) 138–140

Abstract: This manuscript is a response to concerns expressed in a letter by industry-based scientists Bannenberg and Rice in response to our recent narrative review. In the review, we largely discussed why supplementation with n-3 PUFA rich oils might have ... ...

Abstract	This manuscript is a response to concerns expressed in a letter by industry-based scientists Bannenberg and Rice in response to our recent narrative review. In the review, we largely discussed why supplementation with n-3 PUFA rich oils might have benefits to the body composition and metabolism of the offspring of overweight or obese pregnant women. Bannenberg and Rice raised concerns about a number of points that may be perceived as negative about the quality and functionality of commercial fish oils. We provide a refutation to their comments and a brief review of recent evidence regarding the n-3 PUFA content, and oxidative state of supplements available to consumers. From a clinical research perspective, there remains a need to exercise caution. An oil containing less n-3 PUFAs than expected may be ineffective, and lead to incorrect conclusions that n-3 PUFAs lack efficacy. Oxidized fish oil may be ineffective or even cause unwanted harm. Although we must not overinterpret limited evidence from animal models, we have a responsibility to minimize risk to study participants, especially those most vulnerable, such as pregnant women. Prior to selecting a fish oil to be used in a clinical trial, it is essential to independently verify the n-3 PUFA content of the oil, and that the oil is unoxidized.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Fish Oils ; Humans ; Overweight ; Pregnancy
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Fish Oils
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	82067-2
ISSN	1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
ISSN (online)	1753-4887
ISSN	0029-6643
DOI	10.1093/nutrit/nuab037
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