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Article: Clinical and Metagenomic Characterization of Neurological Infections of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Peruvian Amazon.

Steinberg, Hannah E / Ramachandran, Prashanth S / Diestra, Andrea / Pinchi, Lynn / Ferradas, Cusi / Kirwan, Daniela E / Diaz, Monica M / Sciaudone, Michael / Wapniarski, Annie / Zorn, Kelsey C / Calderón, Maritza / Cabrera, Lilia / Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana / Wilson, Michael R / Asayag, Cesar Ramal / Gilman, Robert H / Bowman, Natalie M

Open forum infectious diseases

2023 Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) ofad515

Abstract: Background: Neurological opportunistic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but are difficult to diagnose.: Methods: One hundred forty people with HIV with acute neurological symptoms ... ...

Abstract	Background: Neurological opportunistic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but are difficult to diagnose. Methods: One hundred forty people with HIV with acute neurological symptoms from Iquitos, Peru, were evaluated for cerebral toxoplasmosis with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and for cryptococcal meningitis with cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg) in serum or CSF. Differences between groups were assessed with standard statistical methods. A subset of samples was evaluated by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of CSF to compare standard diagnostics and identify additional diagnoses. Results: Twenty-seven participants were diagnosed with cerebral toxoplasmosis by qPCR and 13 with cryptococcal meningitis by CrAg. Compared to participants without cerebral toxoplasmosis, abnormal Glasgow Coma Scale score ( Conclusions: An infection was diagnosed by any method in only 34% of participants, demonstrating the challenges of diagnosing neurological opportunistic infections in this population and highlighting the need for broader, more sensitive diagnostic tests for central nervous system infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofad515
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Article ; Online: Hematological profiles of malaria-infected patients in an endemic area of Peru.

Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana / Arista, Katty M / Valle-Campos, Andree / Saavedra-Langer, Rafael / Roca, Cristian / Ramos-Rincón, José-Manuel / Calderón, Maritza / Branch, Oralee H

Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica

2022 Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) 336–344

Abstract: Objectives.: To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region.: Materials and ... ...

Title translation	Perfiles hematológicos en pacientes infectados con malaria en un área endémica del Perú.
Abstract	Objectives.: To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region. Materials and methods.: This study was conducted between 2010 and 2012, in Zungarococha (Iquitos). The 425 participants had three visits (visit 1-day 0-before treatment, visit 2-day 7-during treatment, visit 3-day 28-after treatment), complete blood count, microscopic and molecular diagnosis (PCR). Results.: At the first visit, 93 (21.9%) participants were found positive for Pv and 34 (8.0%) for Pf. All positives showed a reduction in hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), ablated and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets (p<0.001) compared to the negative group. A higher percentage of ablated neutrophils was found in Pf and segmented neutrophils in Pv compared to the negative group. Variations in hematological profiles were observed after treatment for both species; ablated neutrophils decreased, platelets increased, eosinophils increased at day 7 and declined at day 28, hematocrit and segmented neutrophils decreased at day 7 and normalized at day 28. Interspecies differences over time showed a bigger daily decrease in ablated neutrophils in Pv-infected when compared to Pf. Conclusions.: The hematological profile in uncomplicated malaria-positive patients varies over time during and after treatment. These are indicators of disease progression and help in the therapeutic surveillance of Plasmodium-infected patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Peru/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-05
Publishing country	Peru
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2120092-0
ISSN	1726-4642 ; 1726-4642
ISSN (online)	1726-4642
ISSN	1726-4642
DOI	10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11908
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum excreted-secreted antigens for detection of canine leishmaniasis.

Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana / Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra / Kesper, Norival / Umezawa, Eufrosina Setsu

Acta tropica

2016 Volume 161, Page(s) 41–43

Abstract: The efficacy of tests with L. (L.) infantum excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) to detect canine leishmaniasis (CanL) was evaluated using immunoblotting (ESA-blot), ELISA (ESA-ELISA) and ELISA with alkaline extract from promastigotes (PAE). Of one hundred ... ...

Abstract	The efficacy of tests with L. (L.) infantum excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) to detect canine leishmaniasis (CanL) was evaluated using immunoblotting (ESA-blot), ELISA (ESA-ELISA) and ELISA with alkaline extract from promastigotes (PAE). Of one hundred fifty-five domestic dogs tested, 100 were suspected of CanL, 23 had other diseases and 32 were healthy. Sera from the dogs suspected of CanL were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and 54% were confirmed to be infected by L. (L.) infantum (38 symptomatic and 16 asymptomatic). Of these, 100% were positive by ESA-blot, ESA-ELISA and PAE-ELISA. In the ESA-blot their sera recognized polypeptides in the 26.5-31.5kDa region. Of the 46% of dogs with negative IHC, 44-53% tested positive in all three tests irrespective of clinical status. The twenty-three dogs with other diseases were negative by ESA-blot, but sera from 9% and 26% of them reacted with ESA-ELISA and PAE-ELISA, respectively. The 32 healthy dogs were negative in all the tests. ESA-blot showed good correlation with IHC in the detection of CanL and a high specificity index.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis ; Dog Diseases/immunology ; Dogs ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Immunoblotting ; Leishmania infantum/immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.010
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Article: Evaluation of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum excreted-secreted antigens for detection of canine leishmaniasis

Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana / Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa / Márcia Dalastra Laurenti / Norival Kesper

Acta tropica. 2016 Sept., v. 161

2016

Abstract	The efficacy of tests with L. (L.) infantum excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) to detect canine leishmaniasis (CanL) was evaluated using immunoblotting (ESA-blot), ELISA (ESA-ELISA) and ELISA with alkaline extract from promastigotes (PAE). Of one hundred fifty-five domestic dogs tested, 100 were suspected of CanL, 23 had other diseases and 32 were healthy. Sera from the dogs suspected of CanL were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and 54% were confirmed to be infected by L. (L.) infantum (38 symptomatic and 16 asymptomatic). Of these, 100% were positive by ESA-blot, ESA-ELISA and PAE-ELISA. In the ESA-blot their sera recognized polypeptides in the 26.5–31.5kDa region. Of the 46% of dogs with negative IHC, 44–53% tested positive in all three tests irrespective of clinical status. The twenty-three dogs with other diseases were negative by ESA-blot, but sera from 9% and 26% of them reacted with ESA-ELISA and PAE-ELISA, respectively. The 32 healthy dogs were negative in all the tests. ESA-blot showed good correlation with IHC in the detection of CanL and a high specificity index.
Keywords	antigens ; dogs ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; immunoblotting ; immunohistochemistry ; Leishmania infantum ; leishmaniasis ; polypeptides ; promastigotes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-09
Size	p. 41-43.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	210415-5
ISSN	1873-6254 ; 0001-706X
ISSN (online)	1873-6254
ISSN	0001-706X
DOI	10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.010
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Article ; Online: IgG subclass responses to excreted-secreted antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in a low-transmission malaria area of the Peruvian Amazon.

Saavedra-Langer, Rafael / Marapara, Jorge / Valle-Campos, Andree / Durand, Salomón / Vásquez-Chasnamote, Maria E / Silva, Hermann / Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana

Malaria journal

2018 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 328

Abstract: Background: Malaria in Peru is concentrated in the Amazon region, especially in Loreto, and transmission is focused in rural and peri-urban communities. The government has approved a malaria elimination plan with a community approach and seeks to reduce ...

Abstract	Background: Malaria in Peru is concentrated in the Amazon region, especially in Loreto, and transmission is focused in rural and peri-urban communities. The government has approved a malaria elimination plan with a community approach and seeks to reduce the risk of transmission through preventive interventions, but asymptomatic and low-parasite-density infections are challenges for disease control and elimination. IgG antibodies play a critical role in combating infection through their ability to reduce parasitaemia and clinical symptoms. In particular, IgG subclasses have important roles in controlling malaria disease and may provide new insight into the development of malaria control strategies and understanding of malaria transmission. Through the use of excreted-secreted antigens from Plasmodium falciparum, were evaluated the responses of the four IgG subclasses in symptomatic and asymptomatic malarial infections. Results: Higher levels of whole IgG were observed in asymptomatic carriers (P < 0.05). IgG3 and IgG1 were the most prevalent subclasses and did not show differences in their antibody levels in either type of carrier. All symptomatic carriers were positive for IgG4, and the presence of IgG3 and IgG2 were correlated with protection against parasitaemia. IgG2 showed lower prevalence and antibody titers in comparison to other subclasses. Conclusions: This is the first study that characterizes the IgG subclass response in the Peruvian Amazon, and these results show that even in populations from regions with low malaria transmission, a certain degree of naturally acquired immunity can develop when the right antibody subclasses are produced. This provides important insight into the potential mechanisms regulating protective immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Male ; Peru ; Plasmodium falciparum/immunology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Protozoan ; Immunoglobulin G
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-018-2471-6
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Article: Chagas Disease in Pregnant Women in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Cross-Sectional Study.

Ramos-Rincón, José-Manuel / Ortiz-Martínez, Sonia / Vásquez-Chasnamote, María-Esteyner / Gamboa-Paredes, Olga-Nohelia / Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana-Vanessa / Ramal-Asayag, Cesar / Górgolas-Hernández-Mora, Miguel / Casapía-Morales, Martin

Frontiers in veterinary science

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 556

Abstract: Aims: ...

Abstract	Aims:
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2020.00556
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Peru: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ortiz-Martínez, Sonia / Ramos-Rincón, José-Manuel / Vásquez-Chasnamote, María-Esteyner / Gamboa-Paredes, Olga-Nohelia / Arista-Flores, Katty-Madeleine / Espinoza-Venegas, Luis-Alfredo / de-Miguel-Balsa, Eva / Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana-Vanessa / Górgolas-Hernández-Mora, Miguel / Casapía-Morales, Martín

BMC infectious diseases

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 755

Abstract: Background: Strongyloidiasis is a disease of great public health significance, caused by the parasitic nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi. This systematic review and meta-analysis ... ...

Abstract	Background: Strongyloidiasis is a disease of great public health significance, caused by the parasitic nematodes Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Strongyloides fuelleborni subsp. kellyi. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Peru. Methods: The review was based on a literature search in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar using the key words or root words "strongyl" AND "Peru" on 15 July 2020. Eligible studies were published from 1 January 1981 to 15 July 2020 and written in English, Spanish, Italian, or French. Results:* We included 21 papers in the analysis. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of study population and diagnostic methods (e.g. Baermann technique, agar, Dancescu or charcoal cultures, serology, string capsule). Prevalence of S. stercoralis ranged from 0.3 to 45%. The pooled proportion of Strongyloides in the general population was 7.34% (95% CI 4.97 to 10.13%). Half the studies were designed to detect parasites in general. In studies designed to detect S. stercoralis, the most widely used diagnostic method was the Baermann technique. Conclusion: Prevalence of S. stercoralis in Peru was high but varied by geographic area, techniques for stool examination, and participant characteristics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Feces ; Humans ; Peru/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Strongyloides stercoralis ; Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis ; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ISSN	1471-2334
ISSN (online)	1471-2334
DOI	10.1186/s12879-021-06441-9
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Article ; Online: Detection of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV positive patients in urine with hydrogel nanoparticles.

Steinberg, Hannah E / Bowman, Natalie M / Diestra, Andrea / Ferradas, Cusi / Russo, Paul / Clark, Daniel E / Zhu, Deanna / Magni, Ruben / Malaga, Edith / Diaz, Monica / Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana / Ramal Asayag, Cesar / Calderón, Maritza / Carruthers, Vern B / Liotta, Lance A / Gilman, Robert H / Luchini, Alessandra

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2021 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) e0009199

Abstract: Background: Diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is challenging under the best clinical circumstances. The poor clinical sensitivity of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Toxoplasma in blood and CSF and the limited availability of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is challenging under the best clinical circumstances. The poor clinical sensitivity of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Toxoplasma in blood and CSF and the limited availability of molecular diagnostics and imaging technology leaves clinicians in resource-limited settings with few options other than empiric treatment. Methology/principle findings: Here we describe proof of concept for a novel urine diagnostics for TE using Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide nanoparticles dyed with Reactive Blue-221 to concentrate antigens, substantially increasing the limit of detection. After nanoparticle-concentration, a standard western blotting technique with a monoclonal antibody was used for antigen detection. Limit of detection was 7.8pg/ml and 31.3pg/ml of T. gondii antigens GRA1 and SAG1, respectively. To characterize this diagnostic approach, 164 hospitalized HIV-infected patients with neurological symptoms compatible with TE were tested for 1) T. gondii serology (121/147, positive samples/total samples tested), 2) qPCR in cerebrospinal fluid (11/41), 3) qPCR in blood (10/112), and 4) urinary GRA1 (30/164) and SAG1 (12/164). GRA1 appears to be superior to SAG1 for detection of TE antigens in urine. Fifty-one HIV-infected, T. gondii seropositive but asymptomatic persons all tested negative by nanoparticle western blot and blood qPCR, suggesting the test has good specificity for TE for both GRA1 and SAG1. In a subgroup of 44 patients, urine samples were assayed with mass spectrometry parallel-reaction-monitoring (PRM) for the presence of T. gondii antigens. PRM identified antigens in 8 samples, 6 of which were concordant with the urine diagnostic. Conclusion/significances: Our results demonstrate nanoparticle technology's potential for a noninvasive diagnostic test for TE. Moving forward, GRA1 is a promising target for antigen based diagnostics for TE.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antigens, Protozoan/cerebrospinal fluid ; Antigens, Protozoan/urine ; Encephalitis/complications ; Encephalitis/diagnosis ; Encephalitis/parasitology ; Encephalitis/urine ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nanoparticles ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis/cerebrospinal fluid ; Toxoplasmosis/complications ; Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis ; Toxoplasmosis/urine
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan ; Hydrogels
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0009199
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Article ; Online: The efficacy of L. (L.) chagasi excreted-secreted antigens (ESAs) for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis is due to low levels of cross-reactivity.

Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana / Kesper, Norival / Barbiéri, Clara Lúcia / Lindoso, José Angelo Lauletta / Umezawa, Eufrosina Setsu

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

2013 Volume 88, Issue 3, Page(s) 559–565

Abstract: The analysis of promastigote excreted-secreted antigen (ESA) reactivity with 53 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases showed that each sample reacted regardless of the antigen or the Leishmania species used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ... ...

Abstract	The analysis of promastigote excreted-secreted antigen (ESA) reactivity with 53 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases showed that each sample reacted regardless of the antigen or the Leishmania species used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) displayed 100% positivity with the L. (L.) chagasi ESA-blot recognizing bands of molecular weight ranging from 26.5 to 31.5 kDa. The analysis of 160 non-visceral cases showed that 5% of the samples cross-reacted with the L. (L.) chagasi ESA-ELISA and 9.4% reacted with the ESA isolated from L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, whereas a high cross-reaction ranging from 24.4% to 25% was observed with total crude promastigote antigens (PRO-ELISA). The ESA-blot of L. (L.) chagasi tested with non-visceral sera samples showed a cross-reaction with 8.8% of cases; most of these cases represented tegumentary leishmaniasis and only one acute chagasic case. These data lead us to recommend the use of ESA as an alternative antigen in VL diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Antigens, Protozoan/genetics ; Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism ; Blood Donors ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Cross Reactions ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Leishmania/classification ; Leishmania/metabolism ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/parasitology ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology ; Species Specificity
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Protozoan
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2942-7
ISSN	1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
ISSN (online)	1476-1645
ISSN	0002-9637
DOI	10.4269/ajtmh.12-0587
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Article: A Cross-Sectional Study of Seroprevalence of Strongyloidiasis in Pregnant Women (Peruvian Amazon Basin).

Ortiz-Martínez, Sonia / Ramos-Rincón, José-Manuel / Vásquez-Chasnamote, María-Esteyner / Alarcón-Baldeón, Jhonatan J / Parraguez-de-la-Cruz, Jorge / Gamboa-Paredes, Olga-Nohelia / Schillyk-Guerra, Patricia / Espinoza-Venegas, Luis-Alfredo / Pinedo-Cancino, Viviana-Vanessa / Perez-Tanoira, Ramón / Górgolas-Hernández-Mora, Miguel / Casapía-Morales, Martin / Spanish-Peruvian Chagas Htlv And Strongyloides Network

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 5

Abstract: Strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis with a high global prevalence.: Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of : Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of strongyloidiasis in 300 pregnant women in ... ...

Abstract	Strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis with a high global prevalence. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of strongyloidiasis in 300 pregnant women in Iquitos (Peru) from 1 May 2019 to 15 June 2019. Women were tested using serology (Strongyloides IgG IVD-ELISA kit) as an index test and the modified Baermann technique and/or charcoal fecal culture as the parasitological reference standard. Results: The reference tests showed Conclusion: In Iquitos, pregnant women have a high prevalence of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens9050348
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