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  1. Article ; Online: Differences between risk perception and risk-taking are related to impulsivity levels.

    Megías-Robles, A / Cándido, A / Maldonado, A / Baltruschat, S / Catena, A

    International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 100318

    Abstract: Background: Although there is broad agreement that perceived risks determine risk-taking behavior, previous research has shown that this association may not be as straightforward as expected. The main objective of this study was to investigate if the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although there is broad agreement that perceived risks determine risk-taking behavior, previous research has shown that this association may not be as straightforward as expected. The main objective of this study was to investigate if the levels of impulsivity can explain part of these controversial findings.
    Method: A total of 1579 participants (M
    Results: The results showed that while impulsivity was significantly and negatively related to both risk perception and risk-taking avoidance, the relationship with risk-taking avoidance was significantly stronger than with risk perception. The levels of impulsivity predicted risk-taking avoidance even when controlling for risk perception.
    Conclusions: These findings indicate that impulsivity can differentially affect risk perception and risk-taking. We propose that the stronger influence of impulsivity on risk-taking is due to the greater reliance of risk-taking, compared with risk perception, on automatic processes guided by impulses and emotions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2208162-8
    ISSN 2174-0852 ; 1697-2600
    ISSN (online) 2174-0852
    ISSN 1697-2600
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100318
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Neural correlates of risk perception as a function of risk level: An approach to the study of risk through a daily life task.

    Megías, A / Cándido, A / Maldonado, A / Catena, A

    Neuropsychologia

    2018  Volume 119, Page(s) 464–473

    Abstract: We are often required to make decisions that can have safe or risky consequences. Evaluating the risk of each possible alternative is an important step before making our final decision. The main goal of the present research was to explore the neural ... ...

    Abstract We are often required to make decisions that can have safe or risky consequences. Evaluating the risk of each possible alternative is an important step before making our final decision. The main goal of the present research was to explore the neural basis of risk perception in a naturalistic context (driving). Twenty-two drivers evaluated the perceived risk in 72 traffic situations (previously categorized by driving instructors) while brain activity was recorded using fMRI. A neural network involving attentional factors, emotional processing, stimulus-response associations, and risk aversion was related to the perception of risks. Given the nature of our task, a more prominent role was played by emotional factors (evaluation of the consequences) than cognitive factors (e.g. probabilistic calculations). Moreover, activation in the insula, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral/postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and temporal and occipital regions linearly increased as a function of risk level. Our findings provide a new step towards understanding the neural processing underlying risk behavior in daily life tasks, which is particularly relevant given the study context and its important practical implications for our society.
    MeSH term(s) Association ; Attention/physiology ; Automobile Driving/psychology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Perception/physiology ; Risk-Taking ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207151-4
    ISSN 1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
    ISSN (online) 1873-3514
    ISSN 0028-3932
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.012
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  3. Article ; Online: Relationships between Personality Traits and Brain Gray Matter Are Different in Risky and Non-risky Drivers.

    Mas-Cuesta, Laura / Baltruschat, Sabina / Cándido, Antonio / Catena, Andrés

    Behavioural neurology

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 1775777

    Abstract: Personality traits such as impulsivity or sensitivity to rewards and punishments have been associated with risky driving behavior, but it is still unclear how brain anatomy is related to these traits as a function of risky driving. In the present study, ... ...

    Abstract Personality traits such as impulsivity or sensitivity to rewards and punishments have been associated with risky driving behavior, but it is still unclear how brain anatomy is related to these traits as a function of risky driving. In the present study, we explore the neuroanatomical basis of risky driving behavior and how the level of risk-taking influences the relationship between the traits of impulsivity and sensitivity to rewards and punishments and brain gray matter volume. One hundred forty-four participants with different risk-taking tendencies assessed by real-life driving situations underwent MRI. Personality traits were assessed with self-report measures. We observed that the total gray matter volume varied as a function of risky driving tendencies, with higher risk individuals showing lower gray matter volumes. Similar results were found for volumes of brain areas involved in the reward and cognitive control networks, such as the frontotemporal, parietal, limbic, and cerebellar cortices. We have also shown that sensitivity to reward and punishment and impulsivity are differentially related to gray matter volumes as a function of risky driving tendencies. Highly risky individuals show lower absolute correlations with gray matter volumes than less risk-prone individuals. Taken together, our results show that risky drivers differ in the brain structure of the areas involved in reward processing, cognitive control, and behavioral modulation, which may lead to dysfunctional decision-making and riskier driving behavior.
    MeSH term(s) Automobile Driving/psychology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Personality ; Risk-Taking
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1001896-7
    ISSN 1875-8584 ; 0953-4180
    ISSN (online) 1875-8584
    ISSN 0953-4180
    DOI 10.1155/2022/1775777
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Brain changes following mindfulness: Reduced caudate volume is associated with decreased positive urgency.

    Mas-Cuesta, Laura / Baltruschat, Sabina / Cándido, Antonio / Verdejo-Lucas, Carmen / Catena-Verdejo, Elvira / Catena, Andrés

    Behavioural brain research

    2024  Volume 461, Page(s) 114859

    Abstract: Mindfulness training has been shown to improve psychological health and general well-being. However, it is unclear which brain and personality systems may be affected by this practice for improving adaptive behavior and quality of life. The present study ...

    Abstract Mindfulness training has been shown to improve psychological health and general well-being. However, it is unclear which brain and personality systems may be affected by this practice for improving adaptive behavior and quality of life. The present study explores the effects of a 5-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) at the neuroanatomical level and its relationship with dispositional mindfulness and impulsivity. Sixty-six risky drivers were quasi-randomly assigned to a mindfulness training group (MT) or a control group (N). Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the UPPS-P impulsivity scale twice, at baseline and after receiving the MBI. We observed that MBI changes dispositional mindfulness in the non-reactivity and observing facets. Further, we observed that the magnitude of change in impulsivity was associated with the change in dispositional mindfulness. Whole-brain voxel-wise analysis revealed that the volume of the right caudate nucleus of the MT group (n = 27) showed a reduction compared to that of the control group (n = 33), which increased in terms of the pre-post measurement (MT=-1.76 mm
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Caudate Nucleus/diagnostic imaging ; Mindfulness ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 449927-x
    ISSN 1872-7549 ; 0166-4328
    ISSN (online) 1872-7549
    ISSN 0166-4328
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114859
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Impact of selective dorsal rhizotomy to cerebral palsy children caregivers' burden.

    Assumpcao de Monaco, Bernardo / Alves Du Rocher Candido, Alessandra / Jacobsen Teixeira, Manoel / Lopes Alho, Eduardo Joaquim

    Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

    2024  Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 1461–1469

    Abstract: Purpose: It is known that cerebral palsy (CP) children's caregivers suffer from burden, depression, and stress, impairing their quality of life (QoL). The more severe the CP, the more burden the caregiver has. Psychosocial support, education, therapies, ...

    Abstract Purpose: It is known that cerebral palsy (CP) children's caregivers suffer from burden, depression, and stress, impairing their quality of life (QoL). The more severe the CP, the more burden the caregiver has. Psychosocial support, education, therapies, and financial support are inversely related to the level of stress of the caregiver. Most parents of CP patients submitted to selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) report improvement not just on spasticity, but also in the functional role of the children, what can impact on caregiver's QoL. Our objective was to evaluate the burden of CP children's caregivers with and without previous SDR.
    Methods: Spastic CP children caregivers were divided into two groups: those who take care of children without previous SDR (control group) and those that children were previously submitted to SDR (surgical group). The burden index was compared between groups using Burden Interview Questionnaire (BIQ). For statistical analysis, we used SPSS.
    Results: The control group had enrolled 31 participants and the surgical group 36. The mean GMFCS level on the control and surgical groups was 3.94 ± 1.26 and 3.74 ± 1.12 (p = 0.61), respectively. The surgical group caregivers presented less burden related to the feeling that they should be doing more to their child (p = 0.003) and if they could do a better job in caring (p = 0.032), compared to controls. The total BIQ index was not significantly different between groups (surgical 32.14 ± 12.34 vs. control 36.77 ± 12.77; p = 0.87). Low economic status had a weak correlation to a higher BIQ index (R
    Conclusion: Caregivers of spastic CP children who were previously submitted to SDR presented less burden related to feeling of the amount of given care than those without previous surgery. The impression that they could do a better job with their kids was higher in the control group. The severity of CP and low economic status were related to more burden in both groups. After pairing groups by age, the control group had a significative higher BIQ index compared to the SDR group.
    Clinical trial registration: Trial registration number: CAAE 73407317.6.0000.0068 (Ethical and Research Committee of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, approved on 08/06/2021). All the subjects were freely given an informed consent to participate in the study that was obtained from all participants. Non-consented ones were excluded from the study.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Rhizotomy ; Caregivers ; Cerebral Palsy/surgery ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Muscle Spasticity/surgery ; Brazil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605988-0
    ISSN 1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    ISSN (online) 1433-0350
    ISSN 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    DOI 10.1007/s00381-024-06291-1
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  6. Article ; Online: Contextual control of the retardation of flavour aversion learning by preexposure to the unconditioned stimulus: Acquisition or retrieval deficit?

    de Brugada, Isabel / González, Felisa / Cándido, Antonio / Hall, Geoffrey

    Behavioural processes

    2021  Volume 188, Page(s) 104394

    Abstract: Two experiments, using rats as the subjects, and flavour aversion learning with an injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) as the unconditioned stimulus (US), examined the effects of a context shift between phases of the procedure on the retardation of ... ...

    Abstract Two experiments, using rats as the subjects, and flavour aversion learning with an injection of lithium chloride (LiCl) as the unconditioned stimulus (US), examined the effects of a context shift between phases of the procedure on the retardation of learning produced by preexposure to the US. Experiment 1 showed that the US-preexposure effect (the reduction in the size of the conditioned aversion) was not attenuated when the animals were given both preexposure to the US and the conditioning procedure in a novel context but received the test phase in a different context (the home cages). Experiment 2 showed that, after degrading the injection cues-illness association by interpolating saline injections between LiCl preexposures, the US-preexposure effect was attenuated when there was a context shift between preexposure and conditioning, but that the context shift was without effect when it occurred between conditioning and test. These results are consistent with the proposal that US preexposure obtained in this procedure has its effect by interfering with the formation of the target association; they provide no support for the suggestion that the effect depends on interference at the test stage.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Conditioning, Classical ; Conditioning, Operant ; Cues ; Lithium Chloride/pharmacology ; Rats ; Taste
    Chemical Substances Lithium Chloride (G4962QA067)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 196999-7
    ISSN 1872-8308 ; 0376-6357
    ISSN (online) 1872-8308
    ISSN 0376-6357
    DOI 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104394
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  7. Article ; Online: Structure of Rhizobium sp. 4-9 histamine dehydrogenase and analysis of the electron transfer pathway to an abiological electron acceptor

    Goyal, Priyanka / Deay, Dwight / Seibold, Steve / Candido, A.C.L. / Lovell, Scott / Battaile, Kevin P. / Wilson, George S. / Richter, Mark L. / Petillo, Peter A.

    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2023 July, v. 742 p.109612-

    2023  

    Abstract: Histamine dehydrogenase from the gram-negative bacterium Rhizobium sp. 4-9 (HaDHR) is a member of a small family of dehydrogenases containing a covalently attached FMN, and the only member so far identified to date that does not exhibit substrate ... ...

    Abstract Histamine dehydrogenase from the gram-negative bacterium Rhizobium sp. 4-9 (HaDHR) is a member of a small family of dehydrogenases containing a covalently attached FMN, and the only member so far identified to date that does not exhibit substrate inhibition. In this study, we present the 2.1 Å resolution crystal structure of HaDHR. This new structure allowed for the identification of the internal electron transfer pathway to abiological ferrocene-based mediators. Alanine 437 was identified as the exit point of electrons from the Fe₄S₄ cluster. The enzyme was modified with a Ser436Cys mutation to facilitate covalent attachment of a ferrocene moiety. When modified with Fc-maleimide, this new construct demonstrated direct electron transfer from the enzyme to a gold electrode in a histamine concentration-dependent manner without the need for any additional electron mediators.
    Keywords Gram-negative bacteria ; Rhizobium ; alanine ; biophysics ; chemical bonding ; crystal structure ; electrodes ; electron transfer ; ferrocenes ; gold ; histamine ; moieties ; mutation ; oxidoreductases ; Rhizobium sp. 4-9 histamine dehydrogenase ; Protein engineering ; Flavoprotein ; Ferricenium
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-07
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 523-x
    ISSN 1096-0384 ; 0003-9861
    ISSN (online) 1096-0384
    ISSN 0003-9861
    DOI 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109612
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: There Is More to Mindfulness Than Emotion Regulation: A Study on Brain Structural Networks.

    Baltruschat, Sabina / Cándido, Antonio / Maldonado, Antonio / Verdejo-Lucas, Carmen / Catena-Verdejo, Elvira / Catena, Andrés

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 659403

    Abstract: Dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation are two psychological constructs closely interrelated, and both appear to improve with the long-term practice of mindfulness meditation. These constructs appear to be related to subcortical, prefrontal, ... ...

    Abstract Dispositional mindfulness and emotion regulation are two psychological constructs closely interrelated, and both appear to improve with the long-term practice of mindfulness meditation. These constructs appear to be related to subcortical, prefrontal, and posterior brain areas involved in emotional processing, cognitive control, self-awareness, and mind wandering. However, no studies have yet discerned the neural basis of dispositional mindfulness that are minimally associated with emotion regulation. In the present study, we use a novel brain structural network analysis approach to study the relationship between structural networks and dispositional mindfulness, measured with two different and widely used instruments [Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)], taking into account the effect of emotion regulation difficulties. We observed a number of different brain regions associated with the different scales and dimensions. The total score of FFMQ and MAAS overlap with the bilateral parahippocampal and fusiform gyri. Additionally, MAAS scores were related to the bilateral hippocampus and the FFMQ total score to the right insula and bilateral amygdala. These results indicate that, depending on the instrument used, the characteristics measured could differ and could also involve different brain systems. However, it seems that brain areas related to emotional reactivity and semantic processing are generally related to Dispositional or trait mindfulness (DM), regardless of the instrument used.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659403
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  9. Article ; Online: Social and Non-social Brain Areas in Risk Behaviour: The Role of Social Context.

    Baltruschat, Sabina / Megías-Robles, Alberto / Cándido, Antonio / Maldonado, Antonio / Catena, Andrés

    Neuroscience

    2021  Volume 465, Page(s) 177–186

    Abstract: The human brain contains social areas that become active when interacting with another human. These are located in the ventral prefrontal and mediodorsal cortices, adjacent to areas involved in reward processing and cognitive control. Human behaviour is ... ...

    Abstract The human brain contains social areas that become active when interacting with another human. These are located in the ventral prefrontal and mediodorsal cortices, adjacent to areas involved in reward processing and cognitive control. Human behaviour is strongly influenced by the social context. This is particularly evident when observing greater risk propensity in the presence of a peer, particularly during adolescence and emerging adulthood. We explored the widely held view that enhanced risk propensity is the consequence of weak cognitive control. We used brain activity, estimated from EEG recordings in a sample of 114 emerging adult dyads whilst performing a risk perception task, to predict risk behaviour in a subsequent driving simulation task. Being with a peer reduced the ability to discriminate riskiness in images of traffic scenes, biased responses towards the perception of no-risk, and increased the rate of accidents in the driving simulation. Risk perception involved three sets of clusters showing activity only when being with a peer, only when being alone, and in both social contexts. Functional connectivity between the clusters accounted for the later driving simulation performance depending on the peer's presence. In the light of our findings, greater risk-taking, when a peer is present, seems to be triggered by the activation of a different, less efficient brain network for risk-processing.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Risk-Taking ; Social Environment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 196739-3
    ISSN 1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
    ISSN (online) 1873-7544
    ISSN 0306-4522
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.029
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  10. Article ; Online: Neuroanatomical variations as a function of experience in a complex daily task: A VBM and DTI study on driving experience.

    Megías, Alberto / Petrova, D / Navas, J F / Cándido, A / Maldonado, A / Catena, A

    Brain imaging and behavior

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) 653–662

    Abstract: Complex tasks require the learning and integration of multiple cognitive, sensory, and psychomotor skills for correct execution. Driving-related skills are developed step by step through the increase of mileage driven and the accumulation of practice in ... ...

    Abstract Complex tasks require the learning and integration of multiple cognitive, sensory, and psychomotor skills for correct execution. Driving-related skills are developed step by step through the increase of mileage driven and the accumulation of practice in different traffic situations. The acquisition of these skills should be reflected in the brain structure. However, no previous studies have explored brain structural variations associated with driving experience. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether driving frequency, defined as average annual driving mileage, is related to neuroanatomical variations in gray matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) integrity using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and DTI-based fractional anisotropy (FA), respectively. We recruited 83 drivers with variable range of annual driving mileage and controlled for age, sex, handedness, IQ, time since the acquisition of driving license, use of motorcycles/mopeds and bicycles, perceived driving skills, and subjective probability of having an accident. Our results showed variations in white matter FA as a function of mileage driven. Driving experience was related to a significant increase of FA in parts of the right hemisphere superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, forceps majors, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and corticospinal tract. No significant differences were observed in gray matter volumes. FA variations were found in brain regions that have been associated with cognitive, visual, and motor processes necessary for skilled performance in driving. These results suggest that variations in white matter diffusivity can underlie the development of driving skills and safer driving.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Automobile Driving ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Female ; Gray Matter/anatomy & histology ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Practice (Psychology) ; White Matter/anatomy & histology ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2377165-3
    ISSN 1931-7565 ; 1931-7557
    ISSN (online) 1931-7565
    ISSN 1931-7557
    DOI 10.1007/s11682-017-9725-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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