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Article: Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders.

Baranova, Ancha / Cao, Hongbao / Zhang, Fuquan

2024 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) e101080

Abstract: Background: Previous studies have shown that educational attainment (EA), intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental disorders. However, the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are unclear.: Aims: We aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Previous studies have shown that educational attainment (EA), intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental disorders. However, the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are unclear. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental disorders. Methods: Using genome-wide association study summary datasets, we performed Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors (EA, N=766 345; household income, N=392 422; intelligence, N=146 808) and 13 common mental disorders, with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to 807 553. Inverse-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR analysis. Results: Our MR analysis showed that (1) higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (2) higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD; (3) higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia nervosa. Our MVMR analysis showed that (1) higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia, BD and ASD; (2) higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and ASD; (3) higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders, including schizophrenia, BD, MDD, ASD, post-traumatic stress disorder, ADHD and anxiety disorder. Conclusions: Our study reveals that education, intelligence and income intertwine with each other. For each factor, its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2941976-1
ISSN	2517-729X ; 2517-729X ; 2096-5923
ISSN (online)	2517-729X
ISSN	2517-729X ; 2096-5923
DOI	10.1136/gpsych-2023-101080
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Article ; Online: Bidirectional associations between mental disorders, antidepressants and cardiovascular disease.

Cao, Hongbao / Baranova, Ancha / Zhao, Qian / Zhang, Fuquan

BMJ mental health

2024 Volume 27, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: Mental disorders have a high comorbidity with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causality between them has not been fully appreciated.: Objective: This study aimed to systematically explore the bidirectional causality between the two ... ...

Abstract	Background: Mental disorders have a high comorbidity with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the causality between them has not been fully appreciated. Objective: This study aimed to systematically explore the bidirectional causality between the two broad categories of diseases. Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate potential causal links between 10 mental disorders, the use of antidepressants and 7 CVDs. Findings: We discovered that major depressive disorder (MDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and insomnia exhibit connections with elevated risks of two or more CVDs. Moreover, the use of antidepressants is linked to heightened risks of each CVD. Each distinct CVD is correlated with a greater probability of taking antidepressants. Our MVMR analysis demonstrated that the use of antidepressants is correlated with the elevation of respective risks across all cardiovascular conditions. This includes arrhythmias (OR: 1.28), atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.44), coronary artery disease (OR: 1.16), hypertension (OR: 1.16), heart failure (OR: 1.16), stroke (OR: 1.44) and entire CVD group (OR: 1.35). However, MDD itself was not linked to a heightened risk of any CVD. Conclusions: The findings of our study indicate that MDD, insomnia and ADHD may increase the risk of CVD. Our findings highlight the utilisation of antidepressants as an independent risk factor for CVD, thus explaining the influence of MDD on CVD through the mediating effects of antidepressants. Clinical implications: When treating patients with antidepressants, it is necessary to take into consideration the potential beneficial and detrimental effects of antidepressants.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy ; Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Antidepressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2755-9734
ISSN (online)	2755-9734
DOI	10.1136/bmjment-2023-300975
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Article ; Online: Causal influences of neuropsychiatric disorders on Alzheimer's disease.

Baranova, Ancha / Zhao, Qian / Cao, Hongbao / Chandhoke, Vikas / Zhang, Fuquan

Translational psychiatry

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 114

Abstract: Previous studies have observed a significant comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanistic connections between neuropsychiatric disorders and AD are not well understood. We conducted a ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have observed a significant comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanistic connections between neuropsychiatric disorders and AD are not well understood. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to appraise the potential influences of 18 neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders on AD. We found that four disorders are causally associated with increased risk for AD, including bipolar disorder (BD) (OR: 1.09), migraine (OR: 1.09), schizophrenia (OR: 1.05), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (OR: 1.07), while attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with a decreased risk for AD (OR: 0.80). In case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (OR: 1.04) and Tourette's syndrome (OR: 1.05), there was suggestive evidence of their causal effects of on AD. Our study shows that genetic components predisposing to BD, migraine, schizophrenia, and PD may promote the development of AD, while ADHD may be associated with a reduced risk of AD. The treatments aimed at alleviating neuropsychiatric diseases with earlier onset may also influence the risk of AD-related cognitive decline, which is typically observed later in life.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/genetics ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics ; Migraine Disorders/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-024-02822-1
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Article: Causal Associations between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and COVID-19.

Baranova, Ancha / Fu, Li / Song, Yuqing / Cao, Hongbao / Zhang, Fuquan

Journal of integrative neuroscience

2024 Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 68

Abstract: Objective: We aimed to evaluate bidirectional genetic relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and COVID-19.: Methods: We investigated potential causal associations between PTSD and two COVID-19 conditions (COVID-19 hospitalization ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We aimed to evaluate bidirectional genetic relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and COVID-19. Methods: We investigated potential causal associations between PTSD and two COVID-19 conditions (COVID-19 hospitalization and SARS-CoV-2 infection) via Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Three genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets were used in the study, including PTSD (N = 174,659), SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 2,597,856), and COVID-19 hospitalization (N = 2,095,324). We performed a literature-based analysis to uncover molecular pathways connecting PTSD and COVID-19. Results: We found that PTSD exerts a causal effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio (OR): 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.21, Conclusions: Our study suggests that PTSD was associated with increased risks for COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of PTSD in individuals infected with the coronavirus may improve the management of the outcomes of COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/genetics ; Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hospitalization ; Causality
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-29
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2136427-8
ISSN	0219-6352
ISSN	0219-6352
DOI	10.31083/j.jin2304068
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Article: Causal influences of osteoarthritis on COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization study.

Fu, Li / Baranova, Ancha / Cao, Hongbao / Zhang, Fuquan

Frontiers in medicine

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1287043

Abstract: Objective: Although observational and genetic studies have indicated a correlation between OA and COVID-19, it remains uncertain whether osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to the severity of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential causal ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Although observational and genetic studies have indicated a correlation between OA and COVID-19, it remains uncertain whether osteoarthritis (OA) contributes to the severity of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential causal links between the two. Methods: In this study, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether there is a potential causal connection between OA and COVID-19 outcomes. The analysis utilized publicly available GWAS summary datasets, incorporating data on OA ( Results: The MR analysis showed causal effects of OA on hospitalized COVID-19 (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.43, Conclusion: Our findings indicate that OA elevates the risk of severe COVID-19. Therefore, larger efforts should be made in the prevention of COVID-19 in OA patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2023.1287043
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Article: Shared genetics and bidirectional causal relationships between type 2 diabetes and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Baranova, Ancha / Chandhoke, Vikas / Cao, Hongbao / Zhang, Fuquan

General psychiatry

2023 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) e100996

Abstract: Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with high comorbidity with mental disorders. The genetic links between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and T2D have yet to be elucidated.: Aims: We aim to assess shared ...

Abstract	Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with high comorbidity with mental disorders. The genetic links between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and T2D have yet to be elucidated. Aims: We aim to assess shared genetics and potential associations between ADHD and T2D. Methods: We performed genetic correlation, two-sample Mendelian randomisation and polygenic overlap analyses between ADHD and T2D. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary results of T2D (80 154 cases and 853 816 controls), ADHD2019 (20 183 cases and 35 191 controls from the 2019 GWAS ADHD dataset) and ADHD2022 (38 691 cases and 275 986 controls from the 2022 GWAS ADHD dataset) were used for the analyses. The T2D dataset was obtained from the DIAGRAM Consortium. The ADHD datasets were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We compared genome-wide association signals to reveal shared genetic variation between T2D and ADHD using the larger ADHD2022 dataset. Moreover, molecular pathways were constructed based on large-scale literature data to understand the connection between ADHD and T2D. Results: T2D has positive genetic correlations with ADHD2019 (r Conclusions: Our study demonstrates substantial shared genetics and bidirectional causal associations between ADHD and T2D.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2941976-1
ISSN	2517-729X ; 2517-729X ; 2096-5923
ISSN (online)	2517-729X
ISSN	2517-729X ; 2096-5923
DOI	10.1136/gpsych-2022-100996
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Article: Causal associations between major depressive disorder and COVID-19.

Baranova, Ancha / Zhao, Yi / Cao, Hongbao / Zhang, Fuquan

General psychiatry

2023 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) e101006

Abstract: Background: We aimed to evaluate whether major depressive disorder (MDD) could aggravate the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or whether the genetic liability to COVID-19 could trigger MDD.: Aims: We aimed to assess bidirectional ... ...

Abstract	Background: We aimed to evaluate whether major depressive disorder (MDD) could aggravate the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or whether the genetic liability to COVID-19 could trigger MDD. Aims: We aimed to assess bidirectional causal associations between MDD and COVID-19. Methods: We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to assess potential associations between MDD and three COVID-19 outcomes. Literature-based network analysis was conducted to construct molecular pathways connecting MDD and COVID-19. Results: We found that MDD has positive genetic correlations with COVID-19 outcomes (r Conclusions: Our study suggests that MDD may increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. Our findings emphasise the need to increase social support and improve mental health intervention networks for people with mood disorders during the pandemic.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2941976-1
ISSN	2517-729X ; 2517-729X ; 2096-5923
ISSN (online)	2517-729X
ISSN	2517-729X ; 2096-5923
DOI	10.1136/gpsych-2022-101006
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Article ; Online: Causal associations and shared genetics between hypertension and COVID-19.

Baranova, Ancha / Cao, Hongbao / Zhang, Fuquan

Journal of medical virology

2023 Volume 95, Issue 4, Page(s) e28698

Abstract: To evaluate the genetic relationship between hypertension and COVID-19 and explore the molecular pathways linking hypertension to COVID-19. We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess potential associations ... ...

Abstract	To evaluate the genetic relationship between hypertension and COVID-19 and explore the molecular pathways linking hypertension to COVID-19. We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess potential associations between hypertension and hospitalized COVID-19. We compared genome-wide association signals to reveal shared genetic variation between hypertension and hospitalized COVID-19. Moreover, hypertension-driven molecular pathways were constructed based on large-scale literature data to understand the influence of hypertension on COVID-19 at the molecular level. Hypertension has a positive genetic correlation with COVID-19 (r
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hypertension/complications ; Hypertension/genetics ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.28698
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Article ; Online: Causal association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Song, Yuqing / Zhao, Yi / Baranova, Ancha / Cao, Hongbao / Yue, Weihua / Zhang, Fuquan

Psychiatric genetics

2024 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 37–42

Abstract: Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders that often result in individuals experiencing traumatic events. However, little is known about the connection between ... ...

Abstract	Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders that often result in individuals experiencing traumatic events. However, little is known about the connection between ADHD/ASD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations between these disorders. Methods: Genetic correlation analysis was used to examine the genetic components shared between ADHD (38 691 cases and 275 986 controls), ASD (18 381 cases and 27 969 controls) and PTSD (23 212 cases and 151 447 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were employed to explore the bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD/ASD and PTSD. Results: The results of the genetic correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations of PTSD with ADHD(r g = 0.70) and ASD (r g = 0.34). Furthermore, the Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that genetic liabilities to ADHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.24; P = 7.88 × 10 -4 ] and ASD (OR = 1.04; CI, 1.01-1.08; P = 0.014) were associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD later in life. However, no evidence supported that genetic liability to PTSD could elevate the risk of ADHD or ASD. Conclusion: The findings of this study supported that ADHD and ASD may increase the risk of PTSD, but not vice versa.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/genetics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications ; Odds Ratio
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1067837-2
ISSN	1473-5873 ; 0955-8829
ISSN (online)	1473-5873
ISSN	0955-8829
DOI	10.1097/YPG.0000000000000357
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Article: Causal associations of tea intake with COVID-19 infection and severity.

Baranova, Ancha / Song, Yuqing / Cao, Hongbao / Yue, Weihua / Zhang, Fuquan

Frontiers in nutrition

2023 Volume 9, Page(s) 1005466

Abstract: Tea ingredients can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection at adequate concentrations. It is not known whether tea intake could impact the susceptibility to COVID-19 or its severity. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of tea intake on COVID-19 ... ...

Abstract	Tea ingredients can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection at adequate concentrations. It is not known whether tea intake could impact the susceptibility to COVID-19 or its severity. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of tea intake on COVID-19 outcomes. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal associations between tea intake (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2022.1005466
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