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Article ; Online: Polio is back? The risk of poliomyelitis recurrence globally, and the legacy of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.

Castilletti, Concetta / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

2022 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 414–416

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology ; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control ; Global Health ; Disease Eradication ; Immunization Programs
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1328418-6
ISSN	1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
ISSN (online)	1469-0691
ISSN	1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
DOI	10.1016/j.cmi.2022.12.005
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Article ; Online: Monkeypox 2022 outbreak in non-endemic countries: Open questions relevant for public health, nonpharmacological intervention and literature review.

Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Di Caro, Antonino / Piubelli, Chiara / Mori, Antonio / Bisoffi, Zeno / Castilletti, Concetta

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 1005955

Abstract: Starting from mid-May 2022, cases of human monkeypox started to rise in several non-endemic countries. By mid-July, more than 17000 confirmed/suspect cases have been reported by at least 82 countries worldwide, with a regular incremental trend. In order ... ...

Abstract	Starting from mid-May 2022, cases of human monkeypox started to rise in several non-endemic countries. By mid-July, more than 17000 confirmed/suspect cases have been reported by at least 82 countries worldwide, with a regular incremental trend. In order to contain the disease diffusion, risk evaluation is crucial to undertake informed decisions and effective communication campaigns. However, since orthopoxvirus infections so far have attracted low attention, due to the eradication of smallpox 40 years ago, and to the confinement of human monkeypox almost exclusively to endemic areas, several unresolved issues concerning natural history, ecology and pathogenesis remain. To this respect, we identified some open questions and reviewed the relevant literature on monkeypoxvirus and/or related orthopoxviruses. The results will be discussed in the perspective of their relevance to public health decisions, particularly those related to non-pharmacological interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Monkeypox virus/genetics ; Public Health ; Smallpox
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2022.1005955
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Article ; Online: Emerging viral infections in immunocompromised patients: A great challenge to better define the role of immune response.

Agrati, Chiara / Bartolini, Barbara / Bordoni, Veronica / Locatelli, Franco / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Di Caro, Antonino / Castilletti, Concetta / Ippolito, Giuseppe

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1147871

Abstract: The immune response to invading pathogens is characterized by the rapid establishment of a complex network of cellular interactions and soluble signals. The correct balancing of activating and regulating pathways and tissue-homing signals determines its ... ...

Abstract	The immune response to invading pathogens is characterized by the rapid establishment of a complex network of cellular interactions and soluble signals. The correct balancing of activating and regulating pathways and tissue-homing signals determines its effectiveness and persistence over time. Emerging viral pathogens have always represented a great challenge to the immune system and an often uncontrolled/imbalanced immune response has been described (e.g. cytokine storm, immune paralysis), contributing to the severity of the disease. Several immune biomarkers and cell subsets have been identified as major players in the cascade of events leading to severe diseases, highlighting the rationale for host-directed intervention strategy. There are millions of immunocompromised pediatric and adult patients worldwide (e.g. transplant recipients, hematologic patients, subjects with primary immune-deficiencies), experiencing an impaired immune reactivity, due to diseases and/or to the medical treatments. The reduced immune reactivity could have two paradoxical non-exclusive effects: a weak protective immunity on one hand, and a reduced contribution to immune-mediated pathogenetic processes on the other hand. In these sensitive contexts, the impact of emerging infections represents a still open issue to be explored with several challenges for immunologists, virologists, physicians and epidemiologists. In this review, we will address emerging infections in immunocompromised hosts, to summarize the available data concerning the immune response profile, its influence on the clinical presentation, the possible contribution of persistent viral shedding in generating new viral variants with improved immune escape features, and the key role of vaccination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Virus Diseases ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147871
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Article ; Online: sgRNAs: A SARS-CoV-2 emerging issue.

Mori, Antonio / Lavezzari, Denise / Pomari, Elena / Deiana, Michela / Piubelli, Chiara / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Castilletti, Concetta

Aspects of molecular medicine

2023 Volume 1, Page(s) 100008

Abstract: Like for other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 gene expression strategy is based on the synthesis of a nested set of subgenomic mRNA species (sgRNAs). These sgRNA are synthesized using a "discontinuous transcription" mechanism that relies on template switching ...

Abstract	Like for other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 gene expression strategy is based on the synthesis of a nested set of subgenomic mRNA species (sgRNAs). These sgRNA are synthesized using a "discontinuous transcription" mechanism that relies on template switching at Transcription Regulatory Sequences (TRS). Both canonical (c-sgRNA) and non-canonical (nc-sgRNA, less numerous) subgenomic RNA species can be produced. Currently, sgRNAs are investigated on the basis of sequence data obtained through next generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatic tools are crucial for their identification, characterization and quantification. To date, few software have been developed to this aim, whose reliability and applicability to all the available NGS platforms need to be established, to build confidence on the information resulting from such tools. In fact, these information may be crucial for the in depth elucidation of viral expression strategy, particularly in respect of the significance of nc-sgRNAs, and for the possible use of sgRNAs as potential markers of virus replicative activity in infected patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2949-6888
ISSN (online)	2949-6888
DOI	10.1016/j.amolm.2023.100008
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Article ; Online: Detection of recombinant breakpoint in the genome of human enterovirus E11 strain associated with a fatal nosocomial outbreak

Rueca, Martina / Lanini, Simone / Giombini, Emanuela / Messina, Francesco / Castilletti, Concetta / Ippolito, Giuseppe / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Valli, Maria Beatrice

Virol J. 2022 Dec., v. 19, no. 1 p.97-97

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize the genome of a recombinant Enterovirus associated with severe and fatal nosocomial infection; it was typed as Echovirus 11 (E-11) according to the VP1 gene. Enterovirus infection is generally ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize the genome of a recombinant Enterovirus associated with severe and fatal nosocomial infection; it was typed as Echovirus 11 (E-11) according to the VP1 gene. Enterovirus infection is generally asymptomatic and self-limited, but occasionally it may progress to a more severe clinical manifestation, as in the case described here. Recombination plays a crucial role in the evolution of Enteroviruses (EVs) and has been recognized as the main driving force behind the emergence of epidemic strains associated with severe infection. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to monitor the circulation of recombinant strains for surveillance purposes. METHODS: Enterovirus-RNA was detected in the serum and liver biopsy of patients involved in the nosocomial cluster by commercial One-Step qRT-PCR method and the Enterovirus strains were isolated in vitro. The EVs typing was determined by analyzing the partial-length of the 5′UTR and VP1 sequences with the web-based open-access Enterovirus Genotyping Tool Version 0.1. The amplicons targeting 5′UTR, VP1 and overlapping fragments of the entire genome were sequenced with the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis was performed comparing the VP1 and the full-genome sequences of our strains against an appropriate reference set of Enterovirus prototypes of the Picornaviridae genera and species retrieved from the Enterovirus Genotyping Tool. Recombination analysis was performed using RDP4 software. RESULTS: The Neighbor-Joining tree of the VP1 gene revealed that the 4 patients were infected with an identical molecular variant of Echovirus 11 (E-11). While the phylogenetic and the RDP4 analysis of the full-genome sequences provided evidence that it was a chimeric strain between an E-11 and a Coxsackievirus B (CV-B). CONCLUSIONS: The chimeric structure of the E-11 genome might have contributed to the severe infection and epidemic feature of the strain, but further biological characterizations are needed. The evidence reported in this study, highlights the limit of typing techniques based on the VP1 gene, as they fail to identify the emergence of recombinant strains with potentially more pathogenic or epidemic properties, thus providing only partial information on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Enteroviruses.
Keywords	Human enterovirus ; Internet ; biopsy ; blood serum ; computer software ; cross infection ; enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; genes ; genotyping ; liver ; monitoring ; pathogenesis ; phylogeny
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 97.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2160640-7
ISSN	1743-422X
ISSN	1743-422X
DOI	10.1186/s12985-022-01821-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: In Acute Dengue Infection, High TIM-3 Expression May Contribute to the Impairment of IFNγ Production by Circulating Vδ2 T Cells

Cimini, Eleonora / Grassi, Germana / Beccacece, Alessia / Casetti, Rita / Castilletti, Concetta / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Nicastri, Emanuele / Agrati, Chiara

Viruses. 2022 Jan. 12, v. 14, no. 1

2022

Abstract: γδ T cells are innate cells able to quickly eliminate pathogens or infected/tumoral cells by their antiviral and adjuvancy activities. The role of γδ T cells during Dengue Viral Infection (DENV) infection is not fully elucidated. Nevertheless, human ... ...

Abstract	γδ T cells are innate cells able to quickly eliminate pathogens or infected/tumoral cells by their antiviral and adjuvancy activities. The role of γδ T cells during Dengue Viral Infection (DENV) infection is not fully elucidated. Nevertheless, human primary γδ T cells have been shown to kill in vitro DENV-infected cells, thus highlighting their possible antiviral function. The aim of this work was to characterize the phenotype and function of Vδ2 T cells in DENV patients. Fifteen DENV patients were enrolled for this study and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to analyze Vδ2-T-cell frequency, differentiation profile, activation/exhaustion status, and functionality by multiparametric flow cytometry. Our data demonstrated that DENV infection was able to significantly reduce Vδ2-T-cell frequency and to increase their activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion markers (PD-1 and TIM-3). Furthermore, Vδ2 T cells showed a reduced capability to produce IFN-γ after phosphoantigenic stimulation that can be associated to TIM-3 expression. Several studies are needed to depict the possible clinical impact of γδ-T-cell impairment on disease severity and to define the antiviral and immunoregulatory activities of γδ T cells in the first phases of infection.
Keywords	dengue ; disease severity ; flow cytometry ; humans ; immunomodulation ; phenotype
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0112
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14010130
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Letter of concern re: "Analysis of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 viruses, including influenza viruses, to determine the influence of intensive preventive measures in Japan. J. Clin. Virol. 2020; 129: 104543. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104543".

Sberna, Giuseppe / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Bordi, Licia / Lalle, Eleonora

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2020 Volume 132, Page(s) 104635

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Japan ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104635
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Zs.A 3790: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay, Easy SARS-CoV-2 WE and Lumipulse quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antigen test performance using automated systems for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Sberna, Giuseppe / Basile, Flavia / Guarino, Maria Luisa / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Bordi, Licia / Parisi, Gabriella

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2021 Volume 113, Page(s) 113–115

Abstract: Diagnostic methods based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection are a promising alternative to SARS-CoV-2 RNA amplification. We evaluated the automated chemiluminescence-based Lumipulse® G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay as compared to real time assays (combined results ... ...

Abstract	Diagnostic methods based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection are a promising alternative to SARS-CoV-2 RNA amplification. We evaluated the automated chemiluminescence-based Lumipulse® G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay as compared to real time assays (combined results from RT-PCR Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 assay and Easy SARS-CoV-2 WE kit) on 513 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS). Among these, 53.6% resulted positive to RT-PCR, considered as the reference test. Compared to the reference test, overall sensitivity and specificity of Lumipulse® G SARS-CoV-2 Ag assay were 84.0%, and 89.1%, respectively, and overall agreement between the antigen and molecular assays was substantial (κ = 0.727). When stratifying samples into groups based on ranges of RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct), the antigen test sensitivity was >95% for samples with Ct <30. Linear regression analysis showed strong and highly significant correlation between the Lumipulse Ag concentrations and the RT-PCR Ct values (RdRp gene), irrespective of whether the Ct values from molecular test were combined in a unique regression analysis or analysed separately. Overall, chemiluminescence-based antigen assay may be reliably applied to NPS samples to identify individuals with high viral loads, more likely to transmit the virus.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Nasopharynx ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viral Load
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-29
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.069
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Zs.A 4516: Show issues

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Article: Virus-Negative Necrotizing Coronary Vasculitis with Aneurysm Formation in Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Frustaci, Andrea / Francone, Marco / Verardo, Romina / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Chimenti, Cristina

Infectious disease reports

2021 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 597–601

Abstract: We report a case of myopericarditis associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection with necrotizing coronary vasculitis of intramural vessels, giving rise to biventricular apical microaneurysms and to electrical instability. Negativity of myocardial polymerase chain ...

Abstract	We report a case of myopericarditis associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection with necrotizing coronary vasculitis of intramural vessels, giving rise to biventricular apical microaneurysms and to electrical instability. Negativity of myocardial polymerase chain reaction for the most common cardiotropic viruses and for SARS-CoV-2 suggested an immune-mediated myocardial and pericardial inflammatory disease. High dose (1 mg/Kg daily) prednisone and anti-viral (Remdesivir, IDA Business, Carrigtohill, County Cork, T45 DP77, Ireland) therapy led to resolution of cardiac inflammation and ventricular arrhythmias. Morpho-molecular characterization of endomyocardial tissue may improve the outcome in subjects with SARS-CoV-2-associated myopericarditis and coronary vasculitis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2036-7430
ISSN	2036-7430
DOI	10.3390/idr13030055
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Article ; Online: Letter of concern re: "Immunochromatographic test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. J Infect Chemother. 2021 Feb;27(2):384-386. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.11.016."

Sberna, Giuseppe / Lalle, Eleonora / Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria / Bordi, Licia / Amendola, Alessandra

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy

2021 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1129–1130

MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunologic Tests ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saliva
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1355399-9
ISSN	1437-7780 ; 1341-321X
ISSN (online)	1437-7780
ISSN	1341-321X
DOI	10.1016/j.jiac.2021.04.003
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Zs.A 5236: Show issues

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