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  1. Article ; Online: Cortical connectivity is embedded in resting state at columnar resolution.

    Card, Nicholas S / Gharbawie, Omar A

    Progress in neurobiology

    2022  Volume 213, Page(s) 102263

    Abstract: Resting state (RS) fMRI is now widely used for gaining insight into the organization of brain networks. Functional connectivity (FC) inferred from RS-fMRI is typically at macroscale, which is too coarse for much of the detail in cortical architecture. ... ...

    Abstract Resting state (RS) fMRI is now widely used for gaining insight into the organization of brain networks. Functional connectivity (FC) inferred from RS-fMRI is typically at macroscale, which is too coarse for much of the detail in cortical architecture. Here, we examined whether imaging RS at higher contrast and resolution could reveal cortical connectivity with columnar granularity. In longitudinal experiments (~1.5 years) in squirrel monkeys, we partitioned sensorimotor cortex using dense microelectrode mapping and then recorded RS with intrinsic signal optical imaging (RS-ISOI, 20 µm/pixel). FC maps were benchmarked against microstimulation-evoked activation and traced anatomical connections. These direct comparisons showed high correspondence in connectivity patterns across methods. The fidelity of FC maps to cortical connections indicates that granular details of network organization are embedded in RS. Thus, for recording RS, the field-of-view and effective resolution achieved with ISOI fills a wide gap between fMRI and invasive approaches (2-photon imaging, electrophysiology). RS-ISOI opens exciting opportunities for high resolution mapping of cortical networks in living animals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Rest/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 185535-9
    ISSN 1873-5118 ; 0301-0082
    ISSN (online) 1873-5118
    ISSN 0301-0082
    DOI 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102263
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  2. Article ; Online: Principles of Intrinsic Motor Cortex Connectivity in Primates.

    Card, Nicholas S / Gharbawie, Omar A

    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

    2020  Volume 40, Issue 22, Page(s) 4348–4362

    Abstract: The forelimb representation in motor cortex (M1) is an important model system in contemporary neuroscience. Efforts to understand the organization of the M1 forelimb representation in monkeys have focused on inputs and outputs. In contrast, intrinsic M1 ... ...

    Abstract The forelimb representation in motor cortex (M1) is an important model system in contemporary neuroscience. Efforts to understand the organization of the M1 forelimb representation in monkeys have focused on inputs and outputs. In contrast, intrinsic M1 connections remain mostly unexplored, which is surprising given that intra-areal connections universally outnumber extrinsic connections. To address this knowledge gap, we first mapped the M1 forelimb representation with intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in male squirrel monkeys. Next, we determined the connectivity of individual M1 sites with ICMS + intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI). Every stimulation site activated a distinctive pattern of patches (∼0.25 to 1.0 mm radius) that we quantified in relation to the motor map. Arm sites activated patches that were mostly in arm zones. Hand sites followed the same principle, but to a lesser extent. The results collectively indicate that preferential connectivity between functionally matched patches is a prominent organizational principle in M1. Connectivity patterns for a given site were conserved across a range of current amplitudes, train durations, pulse frequencies, and microelectrode depths. In addition, we found close correspondence in somatosensory cortex between connectivity that we revealed with ICMS+ISOI and connections known from tracers. ICMS+ISOI is therefore an effective tool for mapping cortical connectivity and is particularly advantageous for sampling large numbers of sites. This feature was instrumental in revealing the spatial specificity of intrinsic M1 connections, which appear to be woven into the somatotopic organization of the forelimb representation. Such a framework invokes the modular organization well-established for sensory cortical areas.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arm/innervation ; Arm/physiology ; Connectome ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Motor Cortex/cytology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Optical Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604637-x
    ISSN 1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
    ISSN (online) 1529-2401
    ISSN 0270-6474
    DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0003-20.2020
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  3. Article ; Online: BRAND: a platform for closed-loop experiments with deep network models.

    Ali, Yahia H / Bodkin, Kevin / Rigotti-Thompson, Mattia / Patel, Kushant / Card, Nicholas S / Bhaduri, Bareesh / Nason-Tomaszewski, Samuel R / Mifsud, Domenick M / Hou, Xianda / Nicolas, Claire / Allcroft, Shane / Hochberg, Leigh R / Au Yong, Nicholas / Stavisky, Sergey D / Miller, Lee E / Brandman, David M / Pandarinath, Chethan

    Journal of neural engineering

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 2

    Abstract: Objective. ...

    Abstract Objective.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Neurosciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2170901-4
    ISSN 1741-2552 ; 1741-2560
    ISSN (online) 1741-2552
    ISSN 1741-2560
    DOI 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3b3a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 6071: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  4. Article: An accurate and rapidly calibrating speech neuroprosthesis.

    Card, Nicholas S / Wairagkar, Maitreyee / Iacobacci, Carrina / Hou, Xianda / Singer-Clark, Tyler / Willett, Francis R / Kunz, Erin M / Fan, Chaofei / Nia, Maryam Vahdati / Deo, Darrel R / Srinivasan, Aparna / Choi, Eun Young / Glasser, Matthew F / Hochberg, Leigh R / Henderson, Jaimie M / Shahlaie, Kiarash / Brandman, David M / Stavisky, Sergey D

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: Brain-computer interfaces can enable rapid, intuitive communication for people with paralysis by transforming the cortical activity associated with attempted speech into text on a computer screen. Despite recent advances, communication with brain- ... ...

    Abstract Brain-computer interfaces can enable rapid, intuitive communication for people with paralysis by transforming the cortical activity associated with attempted speech into text on a computer screen. Despite recent advances, communication with brain-computer interfaces has been restricted by extensive training data requirements and inaccurate word output. A man in his 40's with ALS with tetraparesis and severe dysarthria (ALSFRS-R = 23) was enrolled into the BrainGate2 clinical trial. He underwent surgical implantation of four microelectrode arrays into his left precentral gyrus, which recorded neural activity from 256 intracortical electrodes. We report a speech neuroprosthesis that decoded his neural activity as he attempted to speak in both prompted and unstructured conversational settings. Decoded words were displayed on a screen, then vocalized using text-to-speech software designed to sound like his pre-ALS voice. On the first day of system use, following 30 minutes of attempted speech training data, the neuroprosthesis achieved 99.6% accuracy with a 50-word vocabulary. On the second day, the size of the possible output vocabulary increased to 125,000 words, and, after 1.4 additional hours of training data, the neuroprosthesis achieved 90.2% accuracy. With further training data, the neuroprosthesis sustained 97.5% accuracy beyond eight months after surgical implantation. The participant has used the neuroprosthesis to communicate in self-paced conversations for over 248 hours. In an individual with ALS and severe dysarthria, an intracortical speech neuroprosthesis reached a level of performance suitable to restore naturalistic communication after a brief training period.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.12.26.23300110
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: BRAND: A platform for closed-loop experiments with deep network models.

    Ali, Yahia H / Bodkin, Kevin / Rigotti-Thompson, Mattia / Patel, Kushant / Card, Nicholas S / Bhaduri, Bareesh / Nason-Tomaszewski, Samuel R / Mifsud, Domenick M / Hou, Xianda / Nicolas, Claire / Allcroft, Shane / Hochberg, Leigh R / Yong, Nicholas Au / Stavisky, Sergey D / Miller, Lee E / Brandman, David M / Pandarinath, Chethan

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are state-of-the-art tools for modeling and decoding neural activity, but deploying them in closed-loop experiments with tight timing constraints is challenging due to their limited support in existing real-time ... ...

    Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are state-of-the-art tools for modeling and decoding neural activity, but deploying them in closed-loop experiments with tight timing constraints is challenging due to their limited support in existing real-time frameworks. Researchers need a platform that fully supports high-level languages for running ANNs (e.g., Python and Julia) while maintaining support for languages that are critical for low-latency data acquisition and processing (e.g., C and C++). To address these needs, we introduce the Backend for Realtime Asynchronous Neural Decoding (BRAND). BRAND comprises Linux processes, termed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.08.08.552473
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Assessing vibrotactile feedback strategies by controlling a cursor with unstable dynamics.

    Quick, Kristin M / Card, Nicholas S / Whaite, Stephen M / Mischel, Jessica / Loughlin, Patrick / Batista, Aaron P

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2015  Volume 2014, Page(s) 2589–2592

    Abstract: Brain computer interface (BCI) control predominately uses visual feedback. Real arm movements, however, are controlled under a diversity of feedback mechanisms. The lack of additional BCI feedback modalities forces users to maintain visual contact while ... ...

    Abstract Brain computer interface (BCI) control predominately uses visual feedback. Real arm movements, however, are controlled under a diversity of feedback mechanisms. The lack of additional BCI feedback modalities forces users to maintain visual contact while performing tasks. Such stringent requirements result in poor BCI control during tasks that inherently lack visual feedback, such as grasping, or when visual attention is diverted. Using a modified version of the Critical Tracking Task which we call the Critical Stability Task (CST), we tested the ability of 9 human subjects to control an unstable system using either free arm movements or pinch force. The subjects were provided either visual feedback, 'proportional' vibrotactile feedback, or 'on-off' vibrotactile feedback about the state of the unstable system. We increased the difficulty of the control task by making the virtual system more unstable. We judged the effectiveness of a particular form of feedback as the maximal instability the system could reach before the subject lost control of it. We found three main results. First, subjects can use solely vibrotactile feedback to control an unstable system, although control was better using visual feedback. Second, 'proportional' vibrotactile feedback provided slightly better control than 'on-off' vibrotactile feedback. Third, there was large intra-subject variability in terms of the most effective input and feedback methods. This highlights the need to tailor the input and feedback methods to the subject when a high degree of control is desired. Our new task can provide a complement to traditional center-out paradigms to help boost the real-world relevance of BCI research in the lab.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Feedback, Sensory/physiology ; Female ; Hand/physiology ; Hand Strength/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Touch/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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