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  1. Article ; Online: Make Sure You Have a Safety Net

    Carlos A. Q. Santos / Yoona Rhee / Michael T. Czapka / Aamir S. Kazi / Laurie A. Proia

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 3, p

    Updates in the Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

    2020  Volume 865

    Abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at increased risk of infection and immune dysregulation due to reception of cytotoxic chemotherapy; development of graft versus host disease, which necessitates treatment with immunosuppressive ... ...

    Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are at increased risk of infection and immune dysregulation due to reception of cytotoxic chemotherapy; development of graft versus host disease, which necessitates treatment with immunosuppressive medications; and placement of invasive catheters. The prevention and management of infections in these vulnerable hosts is of utmost importance and a key “safety net” in stem cell transplantation. In this review, we provide updates on the prevention and management of CMV infection; invasive fungal infections; bacterial infections; Clostridium difficile infection; and EBV, HHV-6, adenovirus and BK infections. We discuss novel drugs, such as letermovir, isavuconazole, meropenem-vaborbactam and bezlotoxumab; weigh the pros and cons of using fluoroquinolone prophylaxis during neutropenia after stem cell transplantation; and provide updates on important viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Optimizing the prevention and management of infectious diseases by using the best available evidence will contribute to better outcomes for stem cell transplant recipients, and provide the best possible “safety net” for these immunocompromised hosts.
    Keywords infectious complications ; cytomegalovirus ; invasive fungal infections ; antibacterial prophylaxis ; antibacterial treatment ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Pulmonary Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Phaeoacremonium in a Kidney Transplant Recipient

    Saivaralaxmi Monaganti / Carlos A. Q. Santos / Andrea Markwardt / Morgan A. Pence / Daniel C. Brennan

    Case Reports in Medicine, Vol

    Successful Treatment with Posaconazole

    2014  Volume 2014

    Abstract: We report a rare case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in a 49-year-old woman 6 years after kidney transplantation. She presented with dyspnea, cough, and fatigue. Her chest CT scan revealed nodular opacities in the right upper lung. A fine needle aspirate ...

    Abstract We report a rare case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in a 49-year-old woman 6 years after kidney transplantation. She presented with dyspnea, cough, and fatigue. Her chest CT scan revealed nodular opacities in the right upper lung. A fine needle aspirate biopsy culture yielded Phaeoacremonium and surgical pathology of the biopsy showed chronic inflammation. We successfully treated her with posaconazole and managed drug interactions between posaconazole and tacrolimus. This is the second reported case of biopsy-proven pulmonary infection by Phaeoacremonium in a kidney transplant recipient and successfully treated with posaconazole.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The effect of induction immunosuppression for kidney transplant on the latent HIV reservoir

    Sarah E. Benner / Yolanda Eby / Xianming Zhu / Reinaldo E. Fernandez / Eshan U. Patel / Jessica E. Ruff / Feben Habtehyimer / Haley A. Schmidt / Charles S. Kirby / Sarah Hussain / Darin Ostrander / Niraj M. Desai / Sander Florman / Meenakshi M. Rana / Rachel Friedman-Moraco / Marcus R. Pereira / Shikha Mehta / Peter Stock / Alexander Gilbert /
    Michele I. Morris / Valentina Stosor / Sapna A. Mehta / Catherine B. Small / Karthik Ranganna / Carlos A.Q. Santos / Saima Aslam / Jennifer Husson / Maricar Malinis / Nahel Elias / Emily A. Blumberg / Brianna L. Doby / Allan B. Massie / Melissa L. Smith / Jonah Odim / Thomas C. Quinn / Gregory M. Laird / Robert F. Siliciano / Dorry L. Segev / Andrew D. Redd / Christine M. Durand / Aaron A.R. Tobian

    JCI Insight, Vol 7, Iss

    2022  Volume 21

    Abstract: The HIV latent viral reservoir (LVR) remains a major challenge in the effort to find a cure for HIV. There is interest in lymphocyte-depleting agents, used in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation to reduce the LVR. This study evaluated the LVR and ...

    Abstract The HIV latent viral reservoir (LVR) remains a major challenge in the effort to find a cure for HIV. There is interest in lymphocyte-depleting agents, used in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation to reduce the LVR. This study evaluated the LVR and T cell receptor repertoire in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients using intact proviral DNA assay and T cell receptor sequencing in patients receiving lymphocyte-depleting or lymphocyte-nondepleting immunosuppression induction therapy. CD4+ T cells and intact and defective provirus frequencies decreased following lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy but rebounded to near baseline levels within 1 year after induction. In contrast, these biomarkers were relatively stable over time in the lymphocyte-nondepleting group. The lymphocyte-depleting group had early TCRβ repertoire turnover and newly detected and expanded clones compared with the lymphocyte-nondepleting group. No differences were observed in TCRβ clonality and repertoire richness between groups. These findings suggest that, even with significant decreases in the overall size of the circulating LVR, the reservoir can be reconstituted in a relatively short period of time. These results, while from a relatively unique population, suggest that curative strategies aimed at depleting the HIV LVR will need to achieve specific and durable levels of HIV-infected T cell depletion.
    Keywords AIDS/HIV ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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