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Article ; Online: Enhancing Tobacco Quitline Outcomes for African American Adults: An RCT of a Culturally Specific Intervention.

Webb Hooper, Monica / Carpenter, Kelly M / Salmon, Erica E / Resnicow, Ken

2023 Volume 65, Issue 6, Page(s) 964–972

Abstract: Introduction: This study tested the effectiveness of a culturally specific tobacco cessation video intervention among African American quitline enrollees.: Study design: This was a 3-arm semipragmatic RCT.: Setting/participants: African American ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: This study tested the effectiveness of a culturally specific tobacco cessation video intervention among African American quitline enrollees. Study design: This was a 3-arm semipragmatic RCT. Setting/participants: African American adults (N=1,053) were recruited from the North Carolina tobacco quitline and data were collected between 2017 and 2020. Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive (1) quitline services only; (2) quitline services plus a standard, general audience video intervention; or (3) quitline services plus Pathways to Freedom (PTF), a culturally specific video intervention designed to promote cessation among African American persons. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included 7-day and 24-hour point prevalence abstinence at 3 months, 28-day continuous abstinence, and intervention engagement. Data analyses occurred in 2020 and 2022. Results: At 6 months, 7-day point prevalence abstinence was significantly greater in the Pathways to Freedom Video arm compared with quitline-only (OR=1.5, CI=1.11, 2.07). Twenty four-hour point prevalence abstinence was significantly greater in the Pathways to Freedom (than in quitline-only) group at 3 (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.03, 2.15) and 6 (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.10, 2.28) months. At 6 months, 28-day continuous abstinence (OR=1.60, 95% CI=1.17, 2.20) was significantly greater in the Pathways to Freedom Video arm than in the quitline-only arm. Views of the Pathways to Freedom Video were 76% higher than views of the standard video. Conclusions: Culturally specific tobacco interventions delivered through state quitlines can increase cessation and thus have the potential to decrease health disparities among African American adults. Trial registration: This study is registered at www. Clinicaltrials: gov NCT03064971.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Smoking Cessation ; Black or African American ; Tobacco Use Cessation ; Smoking ; Counseling
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2023.06.005
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Zs.A 2096: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A critical review of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global and Thematic Apperception Test in clinical practice and research: Psychometric limitations and ethical implications.

Sinclair, Samuel Justin / Carpenter, Kelly E / Cowie, Kiefer D / AhnAllen, Christopher G / Haggerty, Greg

Psychological assessment

2023 Volume 35, Issue 9, Page(s) 778–790

Abstract: The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global (SCORS-G) has been used increasingly in multimethod psychological assessment contexts as a framework for eliciting personality information from narrative data collection techniques, the most popular ... ...

Abstract	The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global (SCORS-G) has been used increasingly in multimethod psychological assessment contexts as a framework for eliciting personality information from narrative data collection techniques, the most popular of which is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Although research on the reliability and validity of the SCORS system has evolved over the last decade, there are numerous psychometric and procedural shortcomings (and corresponding ethical issues) that should be considered when applying this methodology to the TAT in clinical and research settings. Chief among these concerns is a lack of normative benchmarking, variability in TAT card batteries that are administered across contexts (which limit generalization and direct research comparisons), ambiguous reliability and validity evidence (and lack of incremental validity), and redundancy in published studies (i.e., versions of the same data/samples presented repeatedly across research). There is also a dearth of information about how SCORS-G data are influenced by factors such as culture, language, cognitive functioning, and other variables that may impact narrative output, word count, and richness (and subsequent interpretation and clinical decision making). The review concludes with a discussion of the ethical implications of using the SCORS-G in clinical practice, and recommendation for a moratorium on its use until minimum psychometric standards can be established and greater clarity is achieved surrounding its use with diverse and vulnerable populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Social Cognition ; Thematic Apperception Test ; Object Attachment ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1000939-5
ISSN	1939-134X ; 1040-3590
ISSN (online)	1939-134X
ISSN	1040-3590
DOI	10.1037/pas0001263
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Zs.A 2645: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Tobacco Quitlines May Help Exclusive Vapers Quit: An Analysis of Data From an Employer-Sponsored Quitline.

Short, Etta / Carpenter, Kelly M / Mullis, Kristina / Nash, Chelsea / Vickerman, Katrina A

Preventing chronic disease

2023 Volume 20, Page(s) E46

Abstract: Numerous studies have supported the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of quitlines for cigarette smoking cessation, but how effective they are for vaping cessation has not been established. Our secondary analysis examined quitline data on participants ...

Abstract	Numerous studies have supported the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of quitlines for cigarette smoking cessation, but how effective they are for vaping cessation has not been established. Our secondary analysis examined quitline data on participants in employer-sponsored quitlines in the US run by Optum, Inc to compare quit rates among callers who were exclusive vapers (n = 1,194) with those who were exclusive smokers (n = 22,845). We examined data from the time of quitline enrollment, January 2017, through October 2020. Before adjusting for differences in demographics, quitline treatment engagement, and unadjusted quit rates, the quit rates for vapers were significantly higher. However, after adjusting for demographic and treatment engagement variables, 6-month quit rates among vapers did not differ significantly from rates among smokers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smokers ; Counseling ; Smoking Cessation ; Hotlines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd20.220300
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Article ; Online: Full-scale Randomized Trial Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Telephone-Delivered Coaching With Standard Telephone-Delivered Coaching Among Medicare/Uninsured Quitline Callers.

Bricker, Jonathan B / Sullivan, Brianna M / Mull, Kristin E / Torres, Alula J / Carpenter, Kelly M

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

2022 Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 1556–1566

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) telephone-delivered coaching with standard quitline (QL) telephone-delivered coaching.: Methods: Medicare/uninsured adults (analyzable sample N = 1170) who ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) telephone-delivered coaching with standard quitline (QL) telephone-delivered coaching. Methods: Medicare/uninsured adults (analyzable sample N = 1170) who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day were recruited from Optum, a major US provider of QL services, in a two-arm stratified double-blind randomized trial with main outcome of self-reported missing = smoking 30-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the 12-month follow-up. Participants were mean (SD) age 47.4 (12.7), 61% female, and 72% white race. Five sessions of telephone-delivered ACT or QL interventions were offered. Both arms included combined nicotine patch (4 weeks) and gum or lozenge (2 weeks). Results: The 12-month follow-up data retention rate was 67.8%. ACT participants reported their treatment was more useful for quitting smoking (92.0% for ACT vs. 82.3% for QL; odds ratio [OR] = 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53 to 4.00). Both arms had similar 12-month cessation outcomes (missing = smoking 30-day PPA: 24.6% for ACT vs. 28.8% for QL; OR =.81; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.05) and the ACT arm trended toward greater reductions in number cigarettes smoked per day (-5.6 for ACT vs. -1.7 QL, among smokers; p = .075). Conclusions: ACT telephone-delivered coaching was more satisfying, engaging, and was as effective as standard QL telephone-delivered coaching. ACT may help those who fail to quit after standard coaching or who choose not to use nicotine replacement therapy. Implications: In a sample of Medicare and uninsured QL callers, a large randomized trial with long-term follow-up showed that ACT) telephone-delivered coaching was more satisfying, engaging, and was as effective as standard QL telephone-delivered coaching-which has followed the same behavior change approach since the 1990s. This newer model of coaching might be a welcome addition to QL services.
MeSH term(s)	Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medically Uninsured ; Medicare ; Mentoring ; Middle Aged ; Smoking Cessation ; Telephone ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1452315-2
ISSN	1469-994X ; 1462-2203
ISSN (online)	1469-994X
ISSN	1462-2203
DOI	10.1093/ntr/ntac052
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Zs.A 5789: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Leveling the Playing Field: Mailing Pharmacotherapy to Medicaid Members Who Smoke.

McQueen, Amy / Wartts, Jordyn G / Garg, Rachel / Carpenter, Kelly M / Kreuter, Matthew W

American journal of preventive medicine

2022 Volume 64, Issue 2, Page(s) 227–234

Abstract: Introduction: Smoking rates differ by insurance type; rates are often double for Medicaid and uninsured compared with that for Medicare or privately insured. State-funded tobacco quitlines' provision of free nicotine replacement therapy varies. In some ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Smoking rates differ by insurance type; rates are often double for Medicaid and uninsured compared with that for Medicare or privately insured. State-funded tobacco quitlines' provision of free nicotine replacement therapy varies. In some states, Medicaid beneficiaries must obtain nicotine replacement therapy from a physician, whereas others get nicotine replacement therapy mailed to them. Methods: This secondary analysis examined the differences in the source and use of cessation treatment by insurance type and their impacts on cessation. The parent trial excluded people who were pregnant, had private insurance, or were not ready to quit. From June 1, 2017 to November 15, 2020, a total of 1,944 low-income people who smoke daily completed a baseline survey and were enrolled in a quitline program; 1,380 (71%) completed a 3-month follow-up. Analyses were completed in August 2022. Participants were classified as Medicaid/dual (55%), Medicare/Veterans Affairs (14%), or uninsured (31%). Nine months into the trial, owing to a system error, the quitline provided nicotine replacement therapy to all study participants regardless of insurance type. Results: Before error versus after error, Medicaid participants reported lower nicotine replacement therapy receipt (3.2% vs 50.8%) and use (32.4% vs 52.6%). The odds of quitting (7-day point prevalence) by 3 months increased for people who smoke who completed more quitline calls and used any (36% quit) versus used no (20% quit) pharmacotherapy, but quitting did not differ by insurance classifications (27%-29%). Getting and using nicotine replacement therapy from the quitline produced the highest quit rates (38%). Conclusions: Results illustrate the benefit of receiving nicotine replacement therapy from the quitline on cessation. Mailing nicotine replacement therapy to all people who smoke should be standard practice to reduce smoking disparities.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Medicaid ; Medicare ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.008
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Zs.A 2096: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Appeal of Tobacco Quitline Services Among Low-Income Smokers.

Grimes, Lauren M / Garg, Rachel / Weng, Olivia / Wolff, Jennifer M / McQueen, Amy / Carpenter, Kelly M / Kreuter, Matthew W

Preventing chronic disease

2023 Volume 20, Page(s) E11

Abstract: Introduction: State tobacco quitlines are delivering cessation assistance through an increasingly diverse range of channels. However, offerings vary from state to state, many smokers are unaware of what is available, and it is not yet clear how much ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: State tobacco quitlines are delivering cessation assistance through an increasingly diverse range of channels. However, offerings vary from state to state, many smokers are unaware of what is available, and it is not yet clear how much demand exists for different types of assistance. In particular, the demand for online and digital cessation interventions among low-income smokers, who bear a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related disease, is not well understood. Methods: We examined interest in using 13 tobacco quitline services in a racially diverse sample of 1,605 low-income smokers in 9 states who had called a 2-1-1 helpline and participated in an ongoing intervention trial from June 2020 through September 2022. We classified services as standard (used by ≥90% of state quitlines [eg, calls from a quit coach, nicotine replacement therapy, printed cessation booklets]) or nonstandard (mobile app, personalized web, personalized text, online chat with quit coach). Results: Interest in nonstandard services was high. Half or more of the sample reported being very or somewhat interested in a mobile app (65%), a personalized web program (59%), or chatting online with quit coaches (49%) to help them quit. In multivariable regression analyses, younger smokers were more interested than older smokers in digital and online cessation services, as were women and smokers with greater nicotine dependence. Conclusion: On average, participants were very interested in at least 3 different cessation services, suggesting that bundled or combination interventions might be designed to appeal to different groups of low-income smokers. Findings provide some initial hints about potential subgroups and the services they might use in a rapidly changing landscape of behavioral interventions for smoking cessation.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nicotiana ; Smokers ; Smoking Cessation ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Behavior Therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2135684-1
ISSN	1545-1151 ; 1545-1151
ISSN (online)	1545-1151
ISSN	1545-1151
DOI	10.5888/pcd20.220214
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Article ; Online: Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Interventions and Digital Inequality across US Racial/Ethnic Groups.

Webb Hooper, Monica / Carpenter, Kelly M / Salmon, Erica E

Ethnicity & disease

2019 Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 495–504

Abstract: Introduction: Internet-based tobacco cessation programs have increased in use and popularity in recent years. To examine evidence for racial/ethnic digital inequality in web-only tobacco cessation services offered by US tobacco quitlines, we conducted ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Internet-based tobacco cessation programs have increased in use and popularity in recent years. To examine evidence for racial/ethnic digital inequality in web-only tobacco cessation services offered by US tobacco quitlines, we conducted an analysis of quitline enrollees in five states. We hypothesized that racial/ethnic minorities would demonstrate lower enrollment and utilization of a web-only tobacco cessation program. Methods: The sample includes enrollees into five state quitlines whose service options included a web-only program in 2015 (N=32,989). Outcomes included web-entry into the quitline, web-only enrollment, establishment of a web account, and the number of times users logged into the program. Regression models tested associations with race/ethnicity. Results: Compared with Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and "others" were less likely to enter the quitline via the web (Ps<.01) and enroll in a web-only (vs counseling) program (Ps<.01). Among web-only program enrollees, all racial/ethnic minority groups were significantly less likely than Whites to establish an online account (Ps<.03), and African Americans were less likely than Whites to log in to the web-only service (P<.01). Conclusions: This study suggests that digital inequalities exist in web-based tobacco cessation services. Findings have implications for the development and implementation of digital tobacco interventions for racial/ethnic minority communities. The proliferation of digital tobacco interventions could increase disparities, as members of racial/ethnic minority groups may not engage in these interventions. Implications: The proliferation of digital interventions has the potential to increase tobacco-related disparities, as members of racial/ethnic minority groups may not enroll in, or engage in, such interventions. As the field moves to digitize tobacco interventions, we must remain cognizant of persistent digital inequalities and the potential for widening racial/ethnic tobacco cessation disparities.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans/psychology ; Counseling ; Ethnic Groups/psychology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology ; Female ; Health Behavior/ethnology ; Hispanic Americans/psychology ; Humans ; Indians, North American/psychology ; Internet ; Male ; Minority Groups/psychology ; Smoking/ethnology ; Smoking/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/ethnology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1274267-3
ISSN	1945-0826 ; 1049-510X
ISSN (online)	1945-0826
ISSN	1049-510X
DOI	10.18865/ed.29.3.495
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Zs.A 4720: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Case of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome.

Kuriakose, Kevin / Carpenter, Kelly / Wanjalla, Celestine / Pettit, April

BMJ case reports

2017 Volume 2017

MeSH term(s)	Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Ivermectin/therapeutic use ; Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification ; Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis ; Strongyloidiasis/drug therapy ; Strongyloidiasis/parasitology ; Syndrome
Chemical Substances	Antiparasitic Agents ; Ivermectin (70288-86-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2016-218320
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Article ; Online: Cost-Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Approaches in Emergency Departments.

Miller, Ted R / Johnson, Mark B / Dziura, James D / Weiss, June / Carpenter, Kelly M / Grau, Lauretta E / Pantalon, Michael V / Abroms, Lorien / Collins, Linda M / Toll, Benjamin A / Bernstein, Steven L

American journal of preventive medicine

2023 Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–44

Abstract: Introduction: Americans of lower SES use tobacco products at disproportionately high rates and are over-represented as patients of emergency departments. Accordingly, emergency department visits are an ideal time to initiate tobacco treatment and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Americans of lower SES use tobacco products at disproportionately high rates and are over-represented as patients of emergency departments. Accordingly, emergency department visits are an ideal time to initiate tobacco treatment and aftercare for this vulnerable and understudied population. This research estimates the costs per quit of emergency department smoking-cessation interventions and compares them with those of other approaches. Methods: Previously published research described the effectiveness of 2 multicomponent smoking cessation interventions, including brief negotiated interviewing, nicotine replacement therapy, quitline referral, and follow-up communication. Study 1 (collected in 2010-2012) only analyzed the combined interventions. Study 2 (collected in 2017-2019) analyzed the intervention components independently. Costs per participant and per quit were estimated separately, under distinct intervention with dedicated staff and intervention with repurposed staff assumptions. The distinction concerns whether the intervention used dedicated staff for delivery or whether time from existing staff was repurposed for intervention if available. Results: Data were analyzed in 2021-2022. In the first study, the cost per participant was $860 (2018 dollars), and the cost per quit was $11,814 (95% CI=$7,641, $25,423) (dedicated) and $227 per participant and $3,121 per quit (95% CI=$1,910, $7,012) (repurposed). In Study 2, the combined effect of brief negotiated interviewing, nicotine replacement therapy, and quitline cost $808 per participant and $6,100 per quit (dedicated) (95% CI=$4,043, $12,274) and $221 per participant and $1,669 per quit (95% CI=$1,052, $3,531) (repurposed). Conclusions: Costs varied considerably per method used but were comparable with those of other smoking cessation interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices ; Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy ; Nicotiana ; Emergency Service, Hospital
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632646-8
ISSN	1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
ISSN (online)	1873-2607
ISSN	0749-3797
DOI	10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.006
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Zs.A 2096: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Expanding population-level interventions to help more low-income smokers quit: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Wolff, Jennifer M / McQueen, Amy / Garg, Rachel / Thompson, Tess / Fu, Qiang / Brown, Derek S / Kegler, Michelle / Carpenter, Kelly M / Kreuter, Matthew W

Contemporary clinical trials

2023 Volume 129, Page(s) 107202

Abstract: Background: Low-income Americans have higher rates of smoking and a greater burden of smoking-related disease. In the United States, smokers in every state can access evidence-based telephone counseling through free tobacco quitlines. However, quitlines ...

Abstract	Background: Low-income Americans have higher rates of smoking and a greater burden of smoking-related disease. In the United States, smokers in every state can access evidence-based telephone counseling through free tobacco quitlines. However, quitlines target smokers who are ready to quit in the next 30 days, which can exclude many low-income smokers. A smoke-free homes intervention may help engage smokers in tobacco control services who are not yet ready to quit. Previous research in low-income populations suggests that receiving a smoke-free homes intervention is associated with higher quit rates. This study tests whether, at a population level, expanding on quitlines to include a smoke-free homes intervention for smokers not ready to quit could engage more low-income smokers and increase long-term cessation rates. Methods: In a Hybrid Type 2 design, participants are recruited from 211 helplines in 9 states and randomly assigned to standard quitline or quitline plus smoke-free homes intervention arms. Participants in both arms are initially offered quitline services. In the quitline plus smoke-free homes condition, participants who decline the quitline are then offered a smoke-free homes intervention. Participants complete a baseline and follow-up surveys at 3 and 6 months. Those who have not yet quit at the 3-month follow-up are re-offered the interventions, which differ by study arm. The primary study outcome is self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: This real-world cessation trial involving 9 state tobacco quitlines will help inform whether offering smoke-free homes as an alternative intervention could engage more low-income smokers with evidence-based interventions and increase overall cessation rates. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Study Identifier: NCT04311983).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smokers ; Poverty ; Counseling/methods ; Health Behavior ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2182176-8
ISSN	1559-2030 ; 1551-7144
ISSN (online)	1559-2030
ISSN	1551-7144
DOI	10.1016/j.cct.2023.107202
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