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Article ; Online: Treatment approaches for the patient with T2 low asthma.

Carr, Tara F

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

2021 Volume 127, Issue 5, Page(s) 530–535

Abstract: Objective: To identify treatment approaches that can be used in the management of patients with asthma who lack significant type 2 inflammation, also called T2 low asthma.: Data sources: Recent expert guideline updates on the management of asthma, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To identify treatment approaches that can be used in the management of patients with asthma who lack significant type 2 inflammation, also called T2 low asthma. Data sources: Recent expert guideline updates on the management of asthma, recent journal articles and review articles, and foundational journal articles are referenced. Study selections: This review cites clinical cohort studies of highly characterized patients with asthma, clinical interventional trials of high impact, mechanistic studies relevant to T2 low asthma, and emerging work in this area. Results: T2 low asthma accounts for approximately one-third to one-half of individuals with asthma. Characteristics of participants with T2 low asthma include higher body mass index, cigarette smoking/smoke exposure, relative lack of responsiveness to steroids, less bronchodilator reversibility, and often the presence of neutrophilic inflammation. Multiple available interventions target these characteristics, including standard inhalers, azithromycin, and lifestyle interventions of weight loss and smoking cessation. Conclusion: Treatment of T2 low asthma should involve currently available approaches and will benefit from improved definition and understanding of disease pathobiology.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Asthma/pathology ; Body Mass Index ; Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Inflammation/pathology ; Muscarinic Agonists/therapeutic use ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Smoking Cessation
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Bronchodilator Agents ; Muscarinic Agonists ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1228189-x
ISSN	1534-4436 ; 0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
ISSN (online)	1534-4436
ISSN	0003-4738 ; 1081-1206
DOI	10.1016/j.anai.2021.05.027
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Article ; Online: New Evidence on the Development of Atopic Multimorbidity: Are Patients Marching to the Beat of Their Own Drum?

Eremija, Jelena / Carr, Tara F

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 2620–2621

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multimorbidity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2843237-X
ISSN	2213-2201 ; 2213-2198
ISSN (online)	2213-2201
ISSN	2213-2198
DOI	10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.032
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Article ; Online: Novel potential treatable traits in asthma: Where is the research taking us?

Carr, Tara F / Peters, Michael C

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global

2022 Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 27–36

Abstract: Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease in which the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Patients are often grouped into phenotypes (based on clinical, biologic, and physiologic characteristics) and endotypes (based on distinct genetic or ... ...

Abstract	Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease in which the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Patients are often grouped into phenotypes (based on clinical, biologic, and physiologic characteristics) and endotypes (based on distinct genetic or molecular mechanisms). Recently, patients with asthma have been broadly split into 2 phenotypes based on their levels of type 2 inflammation: type 2 and non-type 2 asthma. However, this approach is likely oversimplified, and our understanding of the non-type 2 mechanisms in asthma remains extremely limited. A better understanding of asthma phenotypes and endotypes may assist in development of drugs for new therapeutic targets in asthma. One approach is to identify "treatable traits," which are specific patient characteristics related to phenotypes and endotypes that can be targeted by therapies. This review will focus on emerging treatable traits in asthma and aim to describe novel patient subgroups and endotypes that may represent the next step in the search for new therapeutic approaches.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2772-8293
ISSN (online)	2772-8293
DOI	10.1016/j.jacig.2022.04.001
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Article ; Online: Immunotherapy for Asthma.

Eremija, Jelena / Carr, Tara F

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

2022 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 709–719

Abstract: Asthma represents one of the biggest global health concerns with increasing prevalence and influence on global health. Several distinct asthma phenotypes have been identified with one of the most common, earliest recognized, and described being the ... ...

Abstract	Asthma represents one of the biggest global health concerns with increasing prevalence and influence on global health. Several distinct asthma phenotypes have been identified with one of the most common, earliest recognized, and described being the allergic asthma phenotype, in which allergens trigger asthma through mechanisms involving allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), in the forms of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), has been used for many decades as a tool for reducing IgE-mediated sensitization and controlling symptoms of allergic disease, most commonly for allergic rhinitis, and it remains the only currently available disease modifying therapy in atopic patients. AIT has been studied for use in mild to moderate allergic asthma. While the data are often inconsistent, and utilize a multitude of different methods, antigens, and outcome measures, in general, AIT may have several beneficial effects on asthma disease control, quality of life, and requirement for medication. These benefits are notable when immunotherapy is used as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment in carefully selected and monitored patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Patients with severe asthma are excluded from these trials. Importantly, patients with asthma, and in particular severe asthma, may have a higher rate of systemic adverse reactions to SCIT, including anaphylaxis; however, these events are overall rare. Future research in the area is needed to definitively assess the benefit of SCIT and SLIT for patients with asthma, comparing outcomes with different methods, addressing the role of AIT in severe asthma, significance of multiallergen AIT in allergic asthma, and safety concerns in asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Allergens ; Asthma/etiology ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects ; Desensitization, Immunologic/methods ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1183617-9
ISSN	1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
ISSN (online)	1098-9048
ISSN	1069-3424
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1749454
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Article ; Online: Asthma and atopy in COVID-19: 2021 updates.

Carr, Tara F / Kraft, Monica

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2021 Volume 149, Issue 2, Page(s) 562–564

MeSH term(s)	Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asthma/complications ; Asthma/immunology ; Asthma/mortality ; Asthma/virology ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/mortality ; COVID-19/virology ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nasopharynx/immunology ; Nasopharynx/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival Analysis
Chemical Substances	Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Glucocorticoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.762
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Article ; Online: Gaining Insights into Asthma-related COVID-19 Risk.

Carr, Tara F / Kraft, Monica

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

2021 Volume 205, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

MeSH term(s)	Asthma/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1180953-x
ISSN	1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
ISSN	0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
DOI	10.1164/rccm.202111-2473ED
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Article: Immunotherapy for Asthma

Eremija, Jelena / Carr, Tara F.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

(Advances in Asthma)

2022 Volume 43, Issue 05, Page(s) 709–719

Series title	Advances in Asthma
Abstract	Asthma represents one of the biggest global health concerns with increasing prevalence and influence on global health. Several distinct asthma phenotypes have been identified with one of the most common, earliest recognized, and described being the allergic asthma phenotype, in which allergens trigger asthma through mechanisms involving allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), in the forms of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), has been used for many decades as a tool for reducing IgE-mediated sensitization and controlling symptoms of allergic disease, most commonly for allergic rhinitis, and it remains the only currently available disease modifying therapy in atopic patients. AIT has been studied for use in mild to moderate allergic asthma. While the data are often inconsistent, and utilize a multitude of different methods, antigens, and outcome measures, in general, AIT may have several beneficial effects on asthma disease control, quality of life, and requirement for medication. These benefits are notable when immunotherapy is used as an adjunct to pharmacologic treatment in carefully selected and monitored patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Patients with severe asthma are excluded from these trials. Importantly, patients with asthma, and in particular severe asthma, may have a higher rate of systemic adverse reactions to SCIT, including anaphylaxis; however, these events are overall rare. Future research in the area is needed to definitively assess the benefit of SCIT and SLIT for patients with asthma, comparing outcomes with different methods, addressing the role of AIT in severe asthma, significance of multiallergen AIT in allergic asthma, and safety concerns in asthma.
Keywords	asthma ; allergic asthma ; asthma management ; allergen-specific immunotherapy ; subcutaneous immunotherapy ; sublingual immunotherapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-17
Publisher	Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1183617-9
ISSN	1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
ISSN (online)	1098-9048
ISSN	1069-3424
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1749454
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Advances in Asthma.

Dixon, Anne E / Carr, Tara F / Que, Loretta G

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine

2022 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 593–594

MeSH term(s)	Asthma/therapy ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1183617-9
ISSN	1098-9048 ; 1069-3424
ISSN (online)	1098-9048
ISSN	1069-3424
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1753473
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Article ; Online: Pathophysiology of Immediate Reactions to Injectable Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents.

Carr, Tara F

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI

2016 Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 265–268

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the classification of adverse drug reactions, highlight the known pathophysiology of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, and discuss the utility of diagnostic testing for immunologically mediated ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the classification of adverse drug reactions, highlight the known pathophysiology of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, and discuss the utility of diagnostic testing for immunologically mediated immediate reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Methods: Current literature on immediate reactions to GBCA was reviewed and summarized. Results: Adverse drug reactions to GBCA are rare, and can be attributed to physiologic, immunologic, and nonimmunologic processes. When immunologic reaction is suspected, particularly in the case of severe reactions, skin testing may be useful to confirm allergy and identify alternative agents for subsequent studies. Conclusion: As GBCAs are widely used for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, the incidence of adverse drug reactions to GBCA warrants ongoing development of approaches to diagnosis and avoidance of these adverse events.
MeSH term(s)	Chelating Agents/adverse effects ; Contrast Media/adverse effects ; Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Drug Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Gadolinium/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/chemically induced ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/adverse effects ; Skin Tests/methods
Chemical Substances	Chelating Agents ; Contrast Media ; Gadolinium (AU0V1LM3JT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1112716-8
ISSN	1536-1004 ; 0899-3459
ISSN (online)	1536-1004
ISSN	0899-3459
DOI	10.1097/RMR.0000000000000108
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Article ; Online: Complications of sinusitis.

Carr, Tara F

American journal of rhinology & allergy

2016 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 241–245

Abstract: Background: Sinusitis is a common disorder associated with significant patient symptomatology that adversely affects quality of life. Sinusitis can cause further morbidity and mortality through its impact on comorbid disorders, progression of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sinusitis is a common disorder associated with significant patient symptomatology that adversely affects quality of life. Sinusitis can cause further morbidity and mortality through its impact on comorbid disorders, progression of inflammation, and extension of infection. Objective: This review highlights common complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Results: ABRS is complicated by orbital infections, such as pre- or postseptal cellulitis, and by intracranial infections, including abscesses of the epidural and subdural spaces. CRS can contribute to asthma, sleep disordered breathing, and smell disorders. CRS can be complicated by development of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis or deformity of surrounding bony structures. Fungal complications contribute to morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Complications of ABRS, although relatively rare, can cause significant morbidity and mortality, and must be promptly recognized. CRS commonly complicates or drives comorbid diseases, which adversely impacts quality of life. Treatment of these complications often requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Chronic Disease ; Empyema, Subdural/etiology ; Epidural Abscess/etiology ; Humans ; Orbital Diseases/etiology ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis/complications ; Sinusitis/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2482804-X
ISSN	1945-8932 ; 1945-8924
ISSN (online)	1945-8932
ISSN	1945-8924
DOI	10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4322
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