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  1. Article ; Online: The Vitreous in Uveitis: Characterizing the Invisible with Optical Coherence Tomography.

    Pichi, Francesco / Carreño, Ester

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 690–696

    Abstract: Purpose: The current gold standard to grade vitreous inflammation is the Nussenblatt scale based in clinical examination, published in 1985. Nowadays a big effort is undergoing to come out with more objective and reliable methods based in optical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The current gold standard to grade vitreous inflammation is the Nussenblatt scale based in clinical examination, published in 1985. Nowadays a big effort is undergoing to come out with more objective and reliable methods based in optical coherence (OCT) imaging analysis.
    Methods: A systematic review was done to identify the articles that quantify or assess qualitatively vitreous inflammation with OCT.
    Results: Twelve papers were included. Only one paper analyzed qualitatively the anatomy of the vitreous body and its potential influence in cystoid macular edema, while the rest assessed vitreous inflammation quantitatively using the relative reflectivity of the vitreous body with different retinal structures or quantifying the hyperreflective dots in the vitreous.
    Conclusion: The new development of OCT-based scales for measuring vitreous inflammation could replace the current clinical grading scales as an end point for future clinical trials.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammation ; Macular Edema/diagnosis ; Macular Edema/etiology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Uveitis/diagnosis ; Vitreous Body/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2022.2075399
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Dancing in the eye: dynamic optical coherence tomography to distinguish different retinal microglia populations.

    Pichi, Francesco / Neri, Piergiorgio / Moreno-Rodriguez, Laura / Carreño, Ester

    International ophthalmology

    2024  Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 165

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Microglia ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 800087-6
    ISSN 1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
    ISSN (online) 1573-2630
    ISSN 0165-5701
    DOI 10.1007/s10792-024-03051-7
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  3. Article ; Online: Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU) after Intake of Dietary Supplement.

    Vidal, Cristina / Robles, Ignacio / Carreño, Ester

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 242–243

    Abstract: Introduction: The pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis syndrome (TINU) is thought to be an interplay between environmental and genetic factors leading to an inappropriate immune response.: Methods: Report of a clinical case.: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis syndrome (TINU) is thought to be an interplay between environmental and genetic factors leading to an inappropriate immune response.
    Methods: Report of a clinical case.
    Results: We present a case of TINU syndrome which meets the clinical and anatomopathological features according to the classification criteria of the standardization of uveitis nomenclature (SUN) working group. The only possible causal agent was found to be the intake of a nutritional supplement.
    Conclusion: Our case highlights the role of environmental factors as triggers for this disorder.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nephritis, Interstitial/diagnosis ; Nephritis, Interstitial/etiology ; Uveitis/diagnosis ; Uveitis/etiology ; Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2022.2162423
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  4. Article ; Online: Description of Macrophage-Like Cells in Active Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

    Carreño, Ester / Hernanz, Inés / Collado, Beatriz / Pichi, Francesco

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2023  , Page(s) 1–4

    Abstract: Macrophage-like cells (MLC) have a fundamental role in the maintenance of immunosurveillance, response to inflammation and tissue injury in the retina. MLC can be visualized in vivo with conventional en face optical coherence tomography (OCT). The aim of ...

    Abstract Macrophage-like cells (MLC) have a fundamental role in the maintenance of immunosurveillance, response to inflammation and tissue injury in the retina. MLC can be visualized in vivo with conventional en face optical coherence tomography (OCT). The aim of this study is to describe this population of cells in active toxoplasmosis. We present two cases of active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis imaged at 2 time points, where the MLC were threshold after image processing and averaging for removing background and noise. In both patients the MLC collocated with the area of ischemia at the level of the choriocapillaris and retinal vessels.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2023.2263073
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  5. Article ; Online: Systemic Vasculitis and Its Association with the Eye.

    Carreño, Ester / Olivas-Vergara, Otto M

    Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde

    2023  Volume 246, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 174–180

    Abstract: Vasculitis is a group of diseases characterized by the inflammation of the blood vessel walls. They are classified according to the size of the main vessel involved: large vessel, medium vessel, and small vessel vasculitis. Ophthalmic manifestations are ... ...

    Abstract Vasculitis is a group of diseases characterized by the inflammation of the blood vessel walls. They are classified according to the size of the main vessel involved: large vessel, medium vessel, and small vessel vasculitis. Ophthalmic manifestations are quite common in most of these diseases. Episcleritis and scleritis are the most prevalent manifestation of vasculitis. However, there are certain ocular features characteristic of specific vasculitis entities. Given the severity and potential life-threat of these diseases, knowledge of the ocular manifestations is mandatory for the ophthalmologists.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Eye ; Scleritis/etiology ; Scleritis/complications ; Vasculitis/complications ; Inflammation ; Systemic Vasculitis/complications ; Eye Diseases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209735-7
    ISSN 1423-0267 ; 0030-3755
    ISSN (online) 1423-0267
    ISSN 0030-3755
    DOI 10.1159/000531395
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  6. Article: Editorial: Multimodal imaging in uveitis.

    Fonollosa, Alex / Carreño, Ester / Agarwal, Aniruddha

    Frontiers in medicine

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 1011628

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2775999-4
    ISSN 2296-858X
    ISSN 2296-858X
    DOI 10.3389/fmed.2022.1011628
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  7. Article ; Online: Comment on "SUN Classification Criteria for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease".

    Carreño, Ester / Pichi, Francesco / Agarwal, Aniruddha / Munk, Marion R

    American journal of ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 244, Page(s) 228–229

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80030-2
    ISSN 1879-1891 ; 0002-9394
    ISSN (online) 1879-1891
    ISSN 0002-9394
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.07.021
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  8. Article: Diagnostic and Management Strategies of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU): Current Perspectives.

    Sanchez-Quiros, Julia / Giralt, Lena / Fonollosa, Alejandro / Robles, Ignacio / Carreño, Ester

    Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) 2625–2630

    Abstract: Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis but probably related to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Diagnosis is challenging due to the asynchronous ... ...

    Abstract Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis but probably related to a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Diagnosis is challenging due to the asynchronous onset of renal and ocular symptoms, and it is necessary to exclude other causes of nephritis and uveitis. It affects both sexes, with an overall predominance of females and a median age of onset of 15 years. TINU syndrome is characterized by bilateral, non-granulomatous anterior uveitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, which can cause acute renal failure in severe cases. Several triggers have been identified including concurrent infections, medications, or endocrine diseases. The diagnosis of TINU is mainly based on clinical and analytical findings, and although urinary β2-microglobulin is a useful parameter no specific diagnostic test is available. Current perspectives intend to facilitate its diagnosis identifying susceptibility HLA genotypes, serologic markers and imaging tools to avoid renal biopsy. Treatment options for TINU syndrome include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and intravenous immunoglobulins, but relapses are frequent, and management can be challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of the diagnostic and treatment strategies of TINU syndrome, helping clinicians recognize and manage this rare autoimmune disorder.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-04
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1177-5467
    ISSN 1177-5467
    DOI 10.2147/OPTH.S404644
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  9. Article ; Online: Artificial Intelligence and Imaging Processing in Optical Coherence Tomography and Digital Images in Uveitis.

    Abellanas, María / Elena, María José / Keane, Pearse A / Balaskas, Konstantinos / Grewal, Dilraj S / Carreño, Ester

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 675–681

    Abstract: Introduction: Computer vision, understood as the area of science that trains computers to interpret digital images through both artificial intelligence (AI) and classical algorithms, has significantly advanced the analysis and interpretation of optical ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Computer vision, understood as the area of science that trains computers to interpret digital images through both artificial intelligence (AI) and classical algorithms, has significantly advanced the analysis and interpretation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in retina research. The aim of this review is to summarise the recent advances of computer vision in imaging processing in uveitis, with a particular focus in optical coherence tomography images.
    Material and methods: Literature review.
    Results: The development of computer vision to assist uveitis diagnosis and prognosis is still undergoing, but important efforts have been made in the field.
    Conclusion: The automatising of image processing in uveitis could be fundamental to establish objective and standardised outcomes for future clinical trials. In addition, it could help to better understand the disease and its progression.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Retina ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Uveitis/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2022.2054433
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  10. Article ; Online: Hypopyon Uveitis as a Manifestation of Primary Choroidal Lymphoma.

    Vidal, Cristina / Robles, Ignacio / Escamilla, Noelia / Losada, Diego / Serrano, Cristina / Miranda, Carolina / Pastor, Ana Isabel / Carreño, Ester

    Ocular immunology and inflammation

    2023  , Page(s) 1–3

    Abstract: A 78-year-old female was referred to our hospital due to a decrease of visual acuity in her left eye. On examination, presence of left choroidal folds and subretinal fluid was disclosed. After being misdiagnosed as neovascular age-related macular ... ...

    Abstract A 78-year-old female was referred to our hospital due to a decrease of visual acuity in her left eye. On examination, presence of left choroidal folds and subretinal fluid was disclosed. After being misdiagnosed as neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatment with intravitreal injections of Aflibercept was started. Despite improvement of fluid, persistence of choroidal folds encouraged a magnetic resonance imaging revealing a left retrobulbar nodular lesion. Furthermore, development of hypopyon during follow-up allowed a flow cytometry analysis of an aqueous humour sample that confirmed infiltration by a non-Hodgkin mature B-cell lymphoproliferative process. Finally, treatment with Rituximab and intravenous corticosteroids achieved complete resolution. Primary choroidal lymphoma may occur with an atypical presentation, including hypopyon uveitis. Thus, familiarity with its clinical features is fundamental for an early recognition and correct management.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193873-0
    ISSN 1744-5078 ; 0927-3948
    ISSN (online) 1744-5078
    ISSN 0927-3948
    DOI 10.1080/09273948.2023.2220786
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