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Article ; Online: Racial/ethnic and nativity differences in adversity profiles among middle-aged and older adults.

Guo, Man / Wang, Yi / Carter, Kara

2023 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 319–329

Abstract: Objectives: Focusing on the nexus of race/ethnicity and nativity, this study examined profiles of adversity and their mental health implications in five groups of middle-aged and older adults: native-born whites, native-born blacks, native-born ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Focusing on the nexus of race/ethnicity and nativity, this study examined profiles of adversity and their mental health implications in five groups of middle-aged and older adults: native-born whites, native-born blacks, native-born Hispanics, foreign-born whites, and foreign-born Hispanics. Methods: Data were from the 2018 psychosocial assessment of the HRS ( Results: Four adversity profiles emerged: Conclusion: Findings revealed heterogeneity in adversity profiles and their mental health implications in disadvantaged aging populations. Tailored programs are needed to address unique needs of different minority populations.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ethnicity/psychology ; Minority Groups/psychology ; Racial Groups/psychology ; United States ; Depression/epidemiology ; Personal Satisfaction ; Mental Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1474804-6
ISSN	1364-6915 ; 1360-7863
ISSN (online)	1364-6915
ISSN	1360-7863
DOI	10.1080/13607863.2023.2251421
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Article ; Online: More Evidence that Federal Regulations Perpetuate Unrealistic Nursing Home Social Services Staffing Ratios.

Bern-Klug, Mercedes / Carter, Kara A / Wang, Yi

Journal of gerontological social work

2021 Volume 64, Issue 7, Page(s) 811–831

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Homes for the Aged ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Quality of Health Care ; Social Work ; United States ; Workforce
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	779365-0
ISSN	1540-4048 ; 0163-4372
ISSN (online)	1540-4048
ISSN	0163-4372
DOI	10.1080/01634372.2021.1937432
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Article ; Online: Neighborhood Environment and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Older Immigrants in the United States: The Mediation Effects of Coping Resources.

Wang, Yi / Guo, Man / Liu, Jinyu / Lou, Yifan / Carter, Kara / Dong, XinQi

The Gerontologist

2022 Volume 62, Issue 9, Page(s) 1278–1288

Abstract: Background and objectives: Studies have shown that neighborhood environment shapes older Americans' aging experience and health. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how neighborhood environment influences the well-being of older Asian ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Studies have shown that neighborhood environment shapes older Americans' aging experience and health. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how neighborhood environment influences the well-being of older Asian Immigrants. Guided by the neighborhood stress process model, this study aims to investigate (a) the associations between neighborhood environmental stressors and depression among Chinese older immigrants and (b) the potential mediation effects of intrapersonal (sense of mastery and sense of hopefulness) and interpersonal coping (social engagement) resources in such associations. Research design and methods: This study analyzed data collected from 2,801 Chinese older immigrants in the greater Chicago area. Structural equation modeling with bootstrap resampling was used to fit path models on neighborhood environmental stressor, intra- and interpersonal coping resources, and depression. Results: Findings showed that neighborhood social disintegration and physical disorder were associated with more depressive symptoms directly and indirectly via lower intra- and interpersonal coping resources. Specifically, older immigrants living in neighborhoods with greater social disintegration reported lower sense of mastery and social engagement, which in turn were associated with more depressive symptoms (partial mediation). Older immigrants living in neighborhoods with greater physical disorder reported lower sense of hopefulness and mastery, which subsequently were associated with more depressive symptoms (full mediation). Discussion and implications: The findings showed that neighborhood environmental stressors are risk factors for mental health of Chinese older immigrants, and coping resources may serve as pathways of the associations. The implications for future research and practice were discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Aged ; Depression/epidemiology ; Social Support ; Residence Characteristics ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Adaptation, Psychological ; China/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	216760-8
ISSN	1758-5341 ; 0016-9013
ISSN (online)	1758-5341
ISSN	0016-9013
DOI	10.1093/geront/gnac065
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Article ; Online: Meeting report: 36th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Lyon, France - March 13-17, 2023.

Spengler, Jessica R / Carter, Kara / Delang, Leen / Durantel, David / Gowen, Brian B / Herrero, Lara J / Hurst, Brett / Janeba, Zlatko / Jordan, Robert / Luo, Dahai / Meier, Chris / Moffat, Jennifer / Rocha-Pereira, Joana / Seley-Radtke, Katherine L / Welch, Stephen R / Schang, Luis M

Antiviral research

2023 Volume 217, Page(s) 105678

Abstract: The 36th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR), sponsored by the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR), was held March 13-17, 2023, in Lyon, France, and concurrently through an interactive remote meeting platform. Here we ... ...

Abstract	The 36th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR), sponsored by the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR), was held March 13-17, 2023, in Lyon, France, and concurrently through an interactive remote meeting platform. Here we provide a report summarizing the presentations at the 36th ICAR, including the ISAR speaker awards. We also detail special events, sessions, and additional awards conferred at the meeting. ICAR returned to in-person meetings in 2022, convening in Seattle, WA, USA. The 36th ICAR is the first in-person meeting of the society in Europe since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which restricted most events to virtual attendance to help mitigate the spread and subsequent public health impact of SARS-CoV-2. An exceptionally high number of registrants and record attendance at this year's ICAR, along with a vast array of demonstrable expertise in a variety of antiviral research-related fields, reflected a strong and growing antiviral research community committed to improving health outcomes from viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, and to future pandemic preparedness. This report highlights the breadth of expertise, quality of research, and notable advancements that were contributed by members of ISAR and other participants at the meeting. ICAR aims to continue to provide a platform for sharing information, fostering collaborations, and supporting trainees in the field of antiviral research. The 37th ICAR will be held in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Iron-Dextran Complex ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Iron-Dextran Complex (9004-66-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Congress
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105678
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Article ; Online: CRISPR-Cas9 Targeting of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Generates Transcriptionally Active Episomal Variants.

Martinez, Maria Guadalupe / Combe, Emmanuel / Inchauspe, Aurore / Mangeot, Philippe Emmanuel / Delberghe, Elodie / Chapus, Fleur / Neveu, Gregory / Alam, Antoine / Carter, Kara / Testoni, Barbara / Zoulim, Fabien

mBio

2022 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) e0288821

Abstract: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection persists due to the lack of therapies that effectively target the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We used HBV-specific guide RNAs (gRNAs) and CRISPR-Cas9 and determined the fate of cccDNA after gene ... ...

Abstract	Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection persists due to the lack of therapies that effectively target the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). We used HBV-specific guide RNAs (gRNAs) and CRISPR-Cas9 and determined the fate of cccDNA after gene editing. We set up a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery system in HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells. HBV parameters after Cas9 editing were analyzed. Southern blot (SB) analysis and DNA/RNA sequencing (DNA/RNA-seq) were performed to determine the consequences of cccDNA editing and transcriptional activity of mutated cccDNA. Treatment of infected cells with HBV-specific gRNAs showed that CRISPR-Cas9 can efficiently affect HBV replication. The appearance of episomal HBV DNA variants after dual gRNA treatment was observed by PCR, SB analysis, and DNA/RNA-seq. These transcriptionally active variants are the products of simultaneous Cas9-induced double-strand breaks in two target sites, followed by repair and religation of both short and long fragments. Following suppression of HBV DNA replicative intermediates by nucleoside analogs, mutations and formation of smaller transcriptionally active HBV variants were still observed, suggesting that established cccDNA is accessible to CRISPR-Cas9 editing. Targeting HBV DNA with CRISPR-Cas9 leads to cleavage followed by appearance of episomal HBV DNA variants. Effects induced by Cas9 were sustainable after RNP degradation/loss of detection, suggesting permanent changes in the HBV genome instead of transient effects due to transcriptional interference.
MeSH term(s)	CRISPR-Cas Systems ; DNA, Circular/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Circular ; DNA, Viral ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.02888-21
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic and prophylactic treatment with a virus-specific antibody is highly effective in rodent models of Chikungunya infection and disease.

Julander, Justin G / Anderson, Nicole / Haese, Nicole / Andoh, Takeshi / Streblow, Daniel N / Cortez, Pierre / Carter, Kara / Marniquet, Xavier / Watson, Hugh / Mandron, Marie

Antiviral research

2022 Volume 202, Page(s) 105295

Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged as a significant human pathogen in the 21st century, causing periodic, and sometimes widespread, outbreaks over the past 15 years. Although mortality is very rare, a debilitating arthralgia is very common and may ... ...

Abstract	Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged as a significant human pathogen in the 21st century, causing periodic, and sometimes widespread, outbreaks over the past 15 years. Although mortality is very rare, a debilitating arthralgia is very common and may persist for months or years. There are no antivirals that are approved for the treatment of CHIKV infection, and current treatment options consist of supportive care only. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of a CHIKV-specific antibody in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of CHIKV in mouse models of disease. The fully human anti-CHIKV monoclonal Ab SVIR023 demonstrated broad in vitro activity against representative strains from the three major CHIKV clades. Therapeutic treatment with SVIR023 administered 1- or 3-days post-infection resulted in reduced virus in various tissues in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Prophylactic treatment up to 4 weeks prior to virus challenge was also effective in preventing disease in mice. Mice treated with SVIR023 and infected with CHIKV were resistant to secondary challenge and no evidence of antibody enhancement of disease was observed. Treatment with SVIR023 was effective in mouse models of CHIKV infection and disease and further evaluation towards clinical development is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Chikungunya Fever/drug therapy ; Chikungunya Fever/prevention & control ; Chikungunya virus ; DNA Viruses ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Rodentia
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105295
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Article ; Online: Meeting report: 35th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Seattle, Washington, USA - March 21-25, 2022.

Spengler, Jessica R / Welch, Stephen R / Deval, Jerome / Gentry, Brian G / Brancale, Andrea / Carter, Kara / Moffat, Jennifer / Meier, Chris / Seley-Radtke, Katherine L / Schang, Luis M

Antiviral research

2022 Volume 211, Page(s) 105521

Abstract: The 35th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR), sponsored by the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR), was held in Seattle, Washington, USA, on March 21-25, 2022 and concurrently through an interactive remote meeting ... ...

Abstract	The 35th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR), sponsored by the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR), was held in Seattle, Washington, USA, on March 21-25, 2022 and concurrently through an interactive remote meeting platform. This report gives an overview of the conference on behalf of the society. It provides a general review of the meeting and awardees, summarizing the presentations and their main conclusions from the perspective of researchers active in many different areas of antiviral research and development. Through ICAR, leaders in the field of antiviral research were able to showcase their efforts, as participants learned about key advances in the field. The impact of these efforts was exemplified by many presentations on SARS-CoV-2 demonstrating the remarkable response to the ongoing pandemic, as well as future pandemic preparedness, by members of the antiviral research community. As we address ongoing outbreaks and seek to mitigate those in the future, this meeting continues to support outstanding opportunities for the exchange of knowledge and expertise while fostering cross-disciplinary collaborations in therapeutic and vaccine development. The 36th ICAR will be held in Lyon, France, March 13-17, 2023.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Washington ; Iron-Dextran Complex ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Iron-Dextran Complex (9004-66-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	306628-9
ISSN	1872-9096 ; 0166-3542
ISSN (online)	1872-9096
ISSN	0166-3542
DOI	10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105521
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Article ; Online: Full-length 5'RACE identifies all major HBV transcripts in HBV-infected hepatocytes and patient serum.

Stadelmayer, Bernd / Diederichs, Audrey / Chapus, Fleur / Rivoire, Michel / Neveu, Gregory / Alam, Antoine / Fraisse, Laurent / Carter, Kara / Testoni, Barbara / Zoulim, Fabien

Journal of hepatology

2020 Volume 73, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–51

Abstract: Background & aims: Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the episomal form of the HBV genome that stably resides in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. cccDNA is the template for the transcription of 6 major viral RNAs, i.e. preC, pg, preS1/2, S ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the episomal form of the HBV genome that stably resides in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. cccDNA is the template for the transcription of 6 major viral RNAs, i.e. preC, pg, preS1/2, S and HBx RNA. All viral transcripts share the same 3' end and are all to various degrees subsets of each other. Especially under infection conditions, it has been difficult to study in depth the transcription of the different viral transcripts. We thus wanted to develop a method with which we could easily detect the full spectrum of viral RNAs in any lab. Methods: We set up an HBV full-length 5'RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method with which we measured and characterized the full spectrum of viral RNAs in cell culture and in chronically infected patients. Results: In addition to canonical HBx transcripts coding for full-length X, we identified shorter HBx transcripts potentially coding for short X proteins. We showed that interferon-β treatment leads to a strong reduction of preC and pgRNAs but has only a moderate effect on the other viral transcripts. We found pgRNA, 1 spliced pgRNA variant and a variety of HBx transcripts associated with viral particles generated by HepAD38 cells. The different HBx RNAs are both capped and uncapped. Lastly, we identified 3 major categories of circulating RNA species in patients with chronic HBV infection: pgRNA, spliced pgRNA variants and HBx. Conclusions: This HBV full-length 5'RACE method should significantly contribute to the understanding of HBV transcription during the course of infection and therapy and may guide the development of novel therapies aimed at targeting cccDNA. Lay summary: Especially under infection conditions, it has been difficult to study the different hepatitis B virus transcripts in depth. This study introduces a new method that can be used in any standard lab to discriminate all hepatitis B viral transcripts in cell culture and in the serum of patients.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Viral/analysis ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Hepatitis B/blood ; Hepatitis B/pathology ; Hepatitis B/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification ; Hepatocytes/virology ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605953-3
ISSN	1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
ISSN (online)	1600-0641
ISSN	0168-8278
DOI	10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.028
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Article ; Online: Meeting report: 34th international conference on antiviral research.

Brancale, Andrea / Carter, Kara / Delang, Leen / Deval, Jerome / Durantel, David / Gentry, Brian G / Jordan, Robert / Julander, Justin G / Lo, Michael K / Pérez-Pérez, Maria-Jesús / Schang, Luis M / Seley-Radtke, Katherine L / Shi, Pei-Yong / Vasudevan, Subhash G / Whitley, Richard J / Spengler, Jessica R

Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy

2022 Volume 30, Page(s) 20402066221130853

Abstract: As a result of the multiple gathering and travels restrictions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the annual meeting of the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR), the International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR), could not be held in ... ...

Abstract	As a result of the multiple gathering and travels restrictions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the annual meeting of the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR), the International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR), could not be held in person in 2021. Nonetheless, ISAR successfully organized a remote conference, retaining the most critical aspects of all ICARs, a collegiate gathering of researchers in academia, industry, government and non-governmental institutions working to develop, identify, and evaluate effective antiviral therapy for the benefit of all human beings. This article highlights the 2021 remote meeting, which presented the advances and objectives of antiviral and vaccine discovery, research, and development. The meeting resulted in a dynamic and effective exchange of ideas and information, positively impacting the prompt progress towards new and effective prophylaxis and therapeutics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Pandemics
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1033586-9
ISSN	2040-2066 ; 0956-3202
ISSN (online)	2040-2066
ISSN	0956-3202
DOI	10.1177/20402066221130853
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Article ; Online: Accelerated Preclinical Paths to Support Rapid Development of COVID-19 Therapeutics.

Grobler, Jay A / Anderson, Annaliesa S / Fernandes, Prabhavathi / Diamond, Michael S / Colvis, Christine M / Menetski, Joseph P / Alvarez, Rosa M / Young, John A T / Carter, Kara L

Cell host & microbe

2020 Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 638–645

Abstract: When SARS-CoV-2 emerged at the end of 2019, no approved therapeutics or vaccines were available. An urgent need for countermeasures during this crisis challenges the current paradigm of traditional drug discovery and development, which usually takes ... ...

Abstract	When SARS-CoV-2 emerged at the end of 2019, no approved therapeutics or vaccines were available. An urgent need for countermeasures during this crisis challenges the current paradigm of traditional drug discovery and development, which usually takes years from start to finish. Approaches that accelerate this process need to be considered. Here we propose the minimum data package required to move a compound into clinical development safely. We further define the additional data that should be collected in parallel without impacting the rapid path to clinical development. Accelerated paths for antivirals, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, and other agents have been developed and can serve as "roadmaps" to support prioritization of compounds for clinical testing. These accelerated paths are fueled by a skewed risk-benefit ratio and are necessary to advance therapeutic agents into human trials rapidly and safely for COVID-19. Such paths are adaptable to other potential future pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Vaccines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2278004-X
ISSN	1934-6069 ; 1931-3128
ISSN (online)	1934-6069
ISSN	1931-3128
DOI	10.1016/j.chom.2020.09.017
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