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Book ; Online: Large scale analysis of violent death count in daily newspapers to quantify bias and censorship

Casolino, M.

2020

Abstract: In this work we develop a series of techniques to quantify the presence of bias and censorship in newspapers. These algorithms are tested analyzing the occurrence of keywords `killed' and `suicide' (`morti', `suicidio' in Italian) and their changes over ... ...

Abstract	In this work we develop a series of techniques to quantify the presence of bias and censorship in newspapers. These algorithms are tested analyzing the occurrence of keywords `killed' and `suicide' (`morti', `suicidio' in Italian) and their changes over time, gender and reported location on the complete online archives (42 million records) of the major US newspaper (The New York Times) and the three major Italian ones (Il Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica, La Stampa). Since the Italian language distinguishes between the female and male cases, we find the presence of gender bias in all Italian newspapers, with reported single female deaths to be about one-third of those involving single men. We show evidence of censorship in Italian newspapers both during World War 1 and during the Italian Fascist regime. Censorship in all countries during World Wars and in Italy during the Fascist period is a historically ascertained fact, but so far there was no estimate on the amount on censorship in newspaper reporting: in this work we estimate that about $75\%$ of domestic deaths and suicides were not reported. This is also confirmed by statistical analysis of the distribution of the least significant digit of the number of reported deaths. We also find that the distribution function of the number of articles vs. the number of deaths reported in articles follows a power law, which is broken (with fewer articles being written) when reporting on few deaths occurring in foreign countries. The lack of articles is found to grow with geographical distance from the nation where the newspaper is being printed. Comment: 43 pages, 18 Figures, 5 Tables, including suppl. online material
Keywords	Physics - Physics and Society
Subject code	940
Publishing date	2020-07-25
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Design and performance of a hyperspectral camera for full-face in vivo imaging.

Blaksley, C / Casolino, M / Cambié, G

The Review of scientific instruments

2021 Volume 92, Issue 5, Page(s) 55108

Abstract: Red, green, blue color photography is a mature technology and a powerful tool for the evaluation and understanding of the way an object reflects light and its related optical properties, but color photography fails to give a complete picture of these ... ...

Abstract	Red, green, blue color photography is a mature technology and a powerful tool for the evaluation and understanding of the way an object reflects light and its related optical properties, but color photography fails to give a complete picture of these effects due to its inherent lack of spectral resolution. In this work, we update the L'OREAL reference device for skin color measurement, the Chromasphere, by replacing its current color camera system with an imaging spectrometer. This imaging spectrometer must provide a spatial resolution on par with the previous color cameras and a spectral resolution commensurate with a spectroradiometer while also achieving a time resolution suitable for in vivo studies of the human face. Due to these requirements, common spatial scanning techniques are not suitable for this application, and so we utilized a spectral-scanning approach based on a tunable liquid-crystal birefringent filter. We present the design and performance tests of a working prototype that is capable of measuring the spectrum in each of 4 MP with a nominal spectral resolution of 10 nm across the wavelength range from 420 to 730 nm in a total imaging time of less than 10 s. We cross-compared the spectral and color measurements obtained with this prototype, an industry-standard spectroradiometer, and a charge-coupled device color camera in order to assess the prototype's performance, and the results of this comparison show that our prototype is capable of taking spectral measurements near enough in quality to those of a spectroradiometer to successfully bridge the divide between such devices and conventional color cameras. Doing so, this instrument opens new possibilities for studies of complex in vivo phenomena that neither non-imaging spectrometers nor conventional cameras can pursue.
MeSH term(s)	Photography
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/5.0047300
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Article ; Online: Repeatability and reproducibility of a hyperspectral imaging system for in vivo color evaluation.

Blaksley, Carl / Udodaira, Kumiko / Yoshida, Mie / Nicolas, Alexandre / Velleman, Damien / Casolino, Marco / Flament, Frederic

Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)

2022 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 544–555

Abstract: Background: Color imaging is a tried and true method for the evaluation of cosmetic and dermatological effects, but it fails to capture all the information in a scene's spectral reflectance. For this reason, there has been in recent years increasing ... ...

Abstract	Background: Color imaging is a tried and true method for the evaluation of cosmetic and dermatological effects, but it fails to capture all the information in a scene's spectral reflectance. For this reason, there has been in recent years increasing interest in the use of imaging spectrometers for clinical studies and product evaluation. Material and methods: We developed a novel HyperSpectral Imager (HSI) able to take in vivo full-face format images as a next generation instrument for skin color measurement and beyond. Here, we report part of the results of our first full-scale validation test of the HSI. We replicated a make-up foundation screening test by applying three products to a panel of 9 models and evaluated the product L Results: We find that the measurements from the HSI provide repeatability and reproducibility as good or better than those of our previous benchmark devices. Conclusion: From these results, we conclude that not only is the HSI suitable for use in color evaluation studies, but also that it gives operational advantages over the previous generation of evaluation instruments, as it provides a spectral measurement combined with good spatial resolution. This allows for analysis of color over an area and post hoc selection of study regions and so opens new possibilities for studies of complex in vivo phenomena which neither non-imaging spectrometers nor conventional cameras can pursue. This study also raises points for future work concerning proper inclusion of instrument uncertainty in comparisons of results between instruments and handling of systematic uncertainties from analyses based on a single area.
MeSH term(s)	Cosmetics ; Humans ; Hyperspectral Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Skin Pigmentation
Chemical Substances	Cosmetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1229160-2
ISSN	1600-0846 ; 0909-752X ; 1397-1344
ISSN (online)	1600-0846
ISSN	0909-752X ; 1397-1344
DOI	10.1111/srt.13160
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Article ; Online: Dataset of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range (290-430 nm), with 6.3 km resolution in the latitude range -51.6<L<+51.6 degrees, acquired on board the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector.

Marcelli, L / Bolmgren, K / Barghini, D / Battisti, M / Blaksley, C / Blin, S / Belov, A / Bertaina, M / Bianciotto, M / Bisconti, F / Cambiè, G / Capel, F / Casolino, M / Churilo, I / Crisconio, M / Taille, C De La / Ebisuzaki, T / Eser, J / Fenu, F /

Franceschi, M A / Fuglesang, C / Golzio, A / Gorodetzky, P / Kasuga, H / Kajino, F / Klimov, P / Kuznetsov, V / Manfrin, M / Mascetti, G / Marszal, W / Miyamoto, H / Murashov, A / Napolitano, T / Ohmori, H / Olinto, A / Parizot, E / Picozza, P / Piotrowski, L W / Plebaniak, Z / Prevot, G / Reali, E / Romoli, G / Ricci, M / Sakaki, N / Shinozaki, K / Szabelski, J / Takizawa, Y / Vagelli, V / Valentini, G / Vrabel, M / Wiencke, L

Data in brief

2023 Volume 48, Page(s) 109105

Abstract: The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled " ...

Abstract	The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled "
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2023.109105
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Article ; Online: Tests of shielding effectiveness of Kevlar and Nextel onboard the International Space Station and the Foton-M3 capsule.

Pugliese, M / Bengin, V / Casolino, M / Roca, V / Zanini, A / Durante, M

Radiation and environmental biophysics

2010 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 359–363

Abstract: Radiation assessment and protection in space is the first step in planning future missions to the Moon and Mars, where mission and number of space travelers will increase and the protection of the geomagnetic shielding against the cosmic radiation will ... ...

Abstract	Radiation assessment and protection in space is the first step in planning future missions to the Moon and Mars, where mission and number of space travelers will increase and the protection of the geomagnetic shielding against the cosmic radiation will be absent. In this framework, the shielding effectiveness of two flexible materials, Kevlar and Nextel, were tested, which are largely used in the construction of spacecrafts. Accelerator-based tests clearly demonstrated that Kevlar is an excellent shield for heavy ions, close to polyethylene, whereas Nextel shows poor shielding characteristics. Measurements on flight performed onboard of the International Space Station and of the Foton-M3 capsule have been carried out with special attention to the neutron component; shielded and unshielded detectors (thermoluminescence dosemeters, bubble detectors) were exposed to a real radiation environment to test the shielding properties of the materials under study. The results indicate no significant effects of shielding, suggesting that thin shields in low-Earth Orbit have little effect on absorbed dose.
MeSH term(s)	Internationality ; Radiation Protection/instrumentation ; Radiometry ; Space Flight
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	124987-3
ISSN	1432-2099 ; 0301-634X
ISSN (online)	1432-2099
ISSN	0301-634X
DOI	10.1007/s00411-010-0283-3
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Article: Chemometric brains for artificial tongues.

Oliveri, Paolo / Casolino, M Chiara / Forina, Michele

Advances in food and nutrition research

2010 Volume 61, Page(s) 57–117

Abstract: The last years showed a significant trend toward the exploitation of rapid and economic analytical devices able to provide multiple information about samples. Among these, the so-called artificial tongues represent effective tools which allow a global ... ...

Abstract	The last years showed a significant trend toward the exploitation of rapid and economic analytical devices able to provide multiple information about samples. Among these, the so-called artificial tongues represent effective tools which allow a global sample characterization comparable to a fingerprint. Born as taste sensors for food evaluation, such devices proved to be useful for a wider number of purposes. In this review, a critical overview of artificial tongue applications over the last decade is outlined. In particular, the focus is centered on the chemometric techniques, which allow the extraction of valuable information from nonspecific data. The basic steps of signal processing and pattern recognition are discussed and the principal chemometric techniques are described in detail, highlighting benefits and drawbacks of each one. Furthermore, some novel methods recently introduced and particularly suitable for artificial tongue data are presented.
MeSH term(s)	Conductometry ; Dielectric Spectroscopy ; Food Analysis/methods ; Potentiometry ; Statistics as Topic ; Taste
Language	English
Publishing date	2010
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1011108-6
ISSN	1043-4526
ISSN	1043-4526
DOI	10.1016/B978-0-12-374468-5.00002-7
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Article ; Online: Performances of Kevlar and Polyethylene as radiation shielding on-board the International Space Station in high latitude radiation environment.

Narici, Livio / Casolino, Marco / Di Fino, Luca / Larosa, Marianna / Picozza, Piergiorgio / Rizzo, Alessandro / Zaconte, Veronica

Scientific reports

2017 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 1644

Abstract: Passive radiation shielding is a mandatory element in the design of an integrated solution to mitigate the effects of radiation during long deep space voyages for human exploration. Understanding and exploiting the characteristics of materials suitable ... ...

Abstract	Passive radiation shielding is a mandatory element in the design of an integrated solution to mitigate the effects of radiation during long deep space voyages for human exploration. Understanding and exploiting the characteristics of materials suitable for radiation shielding in space flights is, therefore, of primary importance. We present here the results of the first space-test on Kevlar and Polyethylene radiation shielding capabilities including direct measurements of the background baseline (no shield). Measurements are performed on-board of the International Space Station (Columbus modulus) during the ALTEA-shield ESA sponsored program. For the first time the shielding capability of such materials has been tested in a radiation environment similar to the deep-space one, thanks to the feature of the ALTEA system, which allows to select only high latitude orbital tracts of the International Space Station. Polyethylene is widely used for radiation shielding in space and therefore it is an excellent benchmark material to be used in comparative investigations. In this work we show that Kevlar has radiation shielding performances comparable to the Polyethylene ones, reaching a dose rate reduction of 32 ± 2% and a dose equivalent rate reduction of 55 ± 4% (for a shield of 10 g/cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-01707-2
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Article ; Online: Heavy-ion anisotropy measured by ALTEA in the International Space Station.

Di Fino, L / Casolino, M / De Santis, C / Larosa, M / La Tessa, C / Narici, L / Picozza, P / Zaconte, V

Radiation research

2011 Volume 176, Issue 3, Page(s) 397–406

Abstract: The uneven shielding of the International Space Station from the vessel hull, racks and experiments produces a modulation of the internal radiation environment. A detailed knowledge of this environment, and therefore of the Station's shielding ... ...

Abstract	The uneven shielding of the International Space Station from the vessel hull, racks and experiments produces a modulation of the internal radiation environment. A detailed knowledge of this environment, and therefore of the Station's shielding effectiveness, is mandatory for an accurate assessment of radiation risk. We present here the first 3D measurements of the Station's radiation environment, discriminating particle trajectories and LET, made possible using the detection capability of the ALTEA-space detector. We provide evidence for a strong (factor ≈ 3) anisotropy in the inner integral LET for high-LET particles (LET > 50 keV/µm) showing a minimum along the longitudinal station axis (most shielded) and a maximum normal to it. Integrating over all measured LETs, the anisotropy is strongly reduced, showing that unstopped light ions plus the fragments produced by heavier ions approximately maintain flux/LET isotropy. This suggests that, while changing the quality of radiation, the extra shielding along the station main axis is not producing a benefit in terms of total LET. These features should be taken into account (1) when measuring radiation with detectors that cannot distinguish the direction of the impinging radiation or that are unidirectional, (2) when planning radiation biology experiments on the ISS, and (3) when simulating the space radiation environment for experiments on the ground. A novel analysis technique that fully exploits the ability to retrieve the angular distribution of the radiation is also presented as well as the angular particle flux and LET characteristic of three geomagnetic zones measured during 2009 by the ALTEA-space detector. This technique is applied to the ALTEA-space detector, but a wider applicability to other detectors is suggested.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anisotropy ; Radiation Tolerance ; Space Flight
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80322-4
ISSN	1938-5404 ; 0033-7587
ISSN (online)	1938-5404
ISSN	0033-7587
DOI	10.1667/rr2179.1
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Article ; Online: Artificial nose, NIR and UV-visible spectroscopy for the characterisation of the PDO Chianti Classico olive oil.

Forina, M / Oliveri, P / Bagnasco, L / Simonetti, R / Casolino, M C / Nizzi Grifi, F / Casale, M

Talanta

2015 Volume 144, Page(s) 1070–1078

Abstract: An authentication study of the Italian PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) olive oil Chianti Classico, based on artificial nose, near-infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy, with a set of samples representative of the whole Chianti Classico production ... ...

Abstract	An authentication study of the Italian PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) olive oil Chianti Classico, based on artificial nose, near-infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy, with a set of samples representative of the whole Chianti Classico production area and a considerable number of samples from other Italian PDO regions was performed. The signals provided by the three analytical techniques were used both individually and jointly, after fusion of the respective variables, in order to build a model for the Chianti Classico PDO olive oil. Different signal pre-treatments were performed in order to investigate their importance and their effects in enhancing and extracting information from experimental data, correcting backgrounds or removing baseline variations. Stepwise-Linear Discriminant Analysis (STEP-LDA) was used as a feature selection technique and, afterward, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and the class-modelling technique Quadratic Discriminant Analysis-UNEQual dispersed classes (QDA-UNEQ) were applied to sub-sets of selected variables, in order to obtain efficient models capable of characterising the extra virgin olive oils produced in the Chianti Classico PDO area.
MeSH term(s)	Biomimetics/methods ; Fraud/prevention & control ; Models, Statistical ; Olive Oil/chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet/methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods
Chemical Substances	Olive Oil
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-11-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1500969-5
ISSN	1873-3573 ; 0039-9140
ISSN (online)	1873-3573
ISSN	0039-9140
DOI	10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.067
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Article: Radiation shielding of astronauts in interplanetary flights: the CREAM surveyor to Mars and the magnetic lens system for a spaceship.

Spillantini, P / Taccetti, F / Papini, P / Rossi, L / Casolino, M

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)

2001 Volume 17 Suppl 1, Page(s) 249–254

Abstract: The radiation absorbed by astronauts during interplanetary flights is mainly due to cosmic rays of solar origin (SCR). In the most powerful solar flares the dose absorbed in few hours can exceed that cumulated in one year of exposition to the galactic ... ...

Abstract	The radiation absorbed by astronauts during interplanetary flights is mainly due to cosmic rays of solar origin (SCR). In the most powerful solar flares the dose absorbed in few hours can exceed that cumulated in one year of exposition to the galactic component of cosmic rays (GCR). At energies above the minimum one needed to cross the walls of the spaceship there are extrapolations and guesses, but no data, on the angular distribution of SCR's, an information that is necessary for establishing whatever defence strategy. It was therefore proposed of sending to Mars a measurement device, that should continuously collect data during the travel, and possibly also in the orbit around Mars and on the Mars surface. The device should identify the particle and privilege the completeness in the measurement of its parameters. In fact the high energy electrons travel at speed of the light and could be used in the and future dangerous proton component. Also the much less abundant but individually more dangerous ions should be identified. The device should indeed include a magnetic spectrometer and a high granularity range telescope, and a good time of flight measurement. ASI is supporting an assessment study of a possible mission of such a device on board of the 2005 probe to Mars. A parallel technical study is also in progress to define the workable techniques and the possible configurations of a system of magnetic lenses for protecting the crew of a spaceship.
MeSH term(s)	Cosmic Radiation ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Mars ; Protons ; Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation ; Radiation Protection/instrumentation ; Solar Activity ; Space Flight/instrumentation ; Spacecraft/instrumentation
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2001
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1122650-x
ISSN	1724-191X ; 1120-1797
ISSN (online)	1724-191X
ISSN	1120-1797
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