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  1. Article: A Rare Case of a Giant Intramuscular Lipoma of the Upper Extremity in a Pediatric Patient.

    Ai, Jeffrey / Zarb, Rakel / Cassidy, Sarah / Lin, Kant

    Cureus

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) e53575

    Abstract: Although lipomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumors, the non-infiltrating intramuscular subtype is relatively uncommon. As these masses typically present between the ages of 40 and 70, few cases have been reported in the pediatric population. ... ...

    Abstract Although lipomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumors, the non-infiltrating intramuscular subtype is relatively uncommon. As these masses typically present between the ages of 40 and 70, few cases have been reported in the pediatric population. We present a case of a giant intramuscular lipoma of the biceps brachii in an adolescent. He presented with a slow-growing, tender mass and had no neurovascular compromise of the limb. MRI was utilized to visualize the mass, and a muscle-sparing excisional biopsy was performed. Histologic evaluation confirmed a diagnosis of a benign lipoma. The patient went on to heal without a functional deficit. Large, growing soft tissue masses warrant work-up to rule out malignancy. Advanced imaging and excisional biopsy are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of a benign giant intramuscular lipoma, which is especially rare within the pediatric population. We discuss the prevalence and treatment of intramuscular lipomas, including a literature review of reports in the pediatric population.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.53575
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Measurement properties of tools used to assess self-harm in autistic and general population adults.

    Newell, Victoria / Townsend, Ellen / Richards, Caroline / Cassidy, Sarah

    Clinical psychology review

    2024  Volume 109, Page(s) 102412

    Abstract: Autistic people are at increased risk of experiencing self-harm compared to the general population. However, it is unclear which tools are being used to assess self-harm in autistic people, or whether existing tools need to be adapted for this group. ... ...

    Abstract Autistic people are at increased risk of experiencing self-harm compared to the general population. However, it is unclear which tools are being used to assess self-harm in autistic people, or whether existing tools need to be adapted for this group. This two-stage systematic review aimed to identify tools used to assess self-harm in autistic and general population adults, evaluate these tools on their measurement properties, and make recommendations for their appropriate use in research and clinical practice. Four databases were systematically searched (PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science). Eight frequently used self-harm assessment tools were identified and assessed for risk of bias, criteria for good measurement properties, and quality of evidence using the COSMIN checklist. Of these, two tools had sufficient evidence of internal consistency (ISAS, QNSSI), and one had been frequently used with autistic adults (NSSI-AT). These three tools may have potential for use with autistic adults but require further investigation for content validity and measurement properties in the autistic population. More research and potential adaptations to current self-harm assessment tools are recommended in order to better conceptualise and understand self-harm and its measurement in autism.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis ; Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Checklist ; Reproducibility of Results ; Psychometrics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 604577-7
    ISSN 1873-7811 ; 0272-7358
    ISSN (online) 1873-7811
    ISSN 0272-7358
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102412
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Exploring the mediating effect of camouflaging and the moderating effect of autistic identity on the relationship between autistic traits and mental wellbeing.

    Moore, Heather L / Cassidy, Sarah / Rodgers, Jacqui

    Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

    2023  

    Abstract: Mental health difficulties are prevalent among autistic adults. Camouflaging (behaving differently to fit in) may be a mechanism by which autistic traits and mental health difficulties relate to each other, but little research has considered the role of ... ...

    Abstract Mental health difficulties are prevalent among autistic adults. Camouflaging (behaving differently to fit in) may be a mechanism by which autistic traits and mental health difficulties relate to each other, but little research has considered the role of different facets of camouflaging. Additionally, autistic identity might buffer against camouflaging and mental health difficulties. This research aims to explore the mediating effects of camouflaging behaviours on the relationship between autistic traits and both positive and negative mental wellbeing, as well as how autistic identity might moderate the relationship between autistic traits and camouflaging, and also mental health. Data were available for 627 autistic adults, recruited through volunteer databases and social media. Participants completed measures of autistic traits, anxiety, depression, positive wellbeing, camouflaging behaviours (compensating for difficulties, masking, and assimilating/putting on an act) and autistic identity. Mediation and moderated mediation models were tested, applying 95% bootstrapped CIs (10,000 resamples) and including age, gender and diagnosis as covariates. There were no significant direct effects between autistic traits and mental wellbeing. Assimilation was a significant mediator of all mental wellbeing measures, and compensation was a significant mediator of positive wellbeing only. Autistic identity was not a significant moderator. Assimilation and compensation should be considered when offering psychological interventions to support mental wellbeing of autistic people. Additional research into external drivers of camouflaging (e.g. stigma) and mechanisms by which camouflaging impacts mental wellbeing, such as autonomy, authenticity, skill mastery and community, may identify other areas of support. Concurrently, societal change is necessary to reduce the need to camouflage.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2481338-2
    ISSN 1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
    ISSN (online) 1939-3806
    ISSN 1939-3792
    DOI 10.1002/aur.3073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Risks Associated With Undiagnosed ADHD and/or Autism: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review.

    French, Blandine / Daley, David / Groom, Madeleine / Cassidy, Sarah

    Journal of attention disorders

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 12, Page(s) 1393–1410

    Abstract: Background: The two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism (ASD)-(ASD/ADHD) strongly impact individuals' functions. This is worsened when individuals are undiagnosed and risks such as ... ...

    Abstract Background: The two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism (ASD)-(ASD/ADHD) strongly impact individuals' functions. This is worsened when individuals are undiagnosed and risks such as increased imprisonments, depression or drug misuse are often observed. This systematic review synthesizes the risks associated with late/undiagnosed ASD/ADHD.
    Methods: Four databases were searched (Medline, Scopus, PsychInfor, and Embase). Published studies exploring the impact of undiagnosed ASD/ADHD were included. Exclusion criteria included, lack of diagnosis status, studies not solely on ASD or ADHD, gray literature and studies not in English. The findings were summarize through a narrative synthesis.
    Results: Seventeen studies were identified, 14 on ADHD and three on ASD. The narrative synthesis identified three main themes: (1) Health, (2) Offending behavior, and (3) Day-to-day impact. The risks highlighted a significant impact on mental wellbeing and social interactions, higher risks of substance abuse, accidents and offending behavior as well as lower levels of income and education.
    Discussion: The findings suggest that undiagnosed ASD/ADHD is linked to many risks and negative outcomes affecting individuals, their families, and the wider society. The restricted number of studies on ASD are a limitation to the generalization of these findings Implications for research and practice are discussed, highlighting the importance of screening and acknowledging the possibility of ASD/ADHD in many settings such as psychiatric and forensic.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Autistic Disorder ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Narration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/10870547231176862
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Potential Mechanisms Underlying Suicidality in Autistic People with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Testing Hypotheses from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.

    Moseley, Rachel L / Gregory, Nicola J / Smith, Paula / Allison, Carrie / Cassidy, Sarah / Baron-Cohen, Simon

    Autism in adulthood : challenges and management

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–24

    Abstract: Background: Autistic people with co-occurring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appear to be at heightened risk of suicide. To understand why, we explored two explanatory mechanisms from the interpersonal theory of suicide: first, that co- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Autistic people with co-occurring attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appear to be at heightened risk of suicide. To understand why, we explored two explanatory mechanisms from the interpersonal theory of suicide: first, that co-occurring ADHD might be associated with greater risk through greater thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness and, secondly, that hyperactive/impulsive features might incur additional risk through their association with painful and provocative events, which are suggested to create "capability" for suicide.
    Methods: Autistic adults (
    Results: Likely ADHD was associated with past-year suicide ideation through greater depression and perceived burdensomeness, which also mediated its association with more suicide attempts. Hyperactive and impulsive features were associated with exposure to painful and provocative events and through this acquired suicide capability. Both features were associated with more numerous suicide attempts through these two mediators sequentially, and through exposure to painful and provocative events alone.
    Conclusions: These data suggest that suicidality in autistic people with ADHD may be partially related to perceived burdensomeness and to acquired suicide capability after exposure to painful and provocative events. However, as we observed a pathway to suicidality associated with painful and provocative events alone, it is likely that there are also other explanatory mechanisms for the influence of traumatic events on suicide risk.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2573-959X
    ISSN (online) 2573-959X
    DOI 10.1089/aut.2022.0042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability.

    Newell, Victoria / Phillips, Lucy / Jones, Chris / Townsend, Ellen / Richards, Caroline / Cassidy, Sarah

    Molecular autism

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

    Abstract: Background: Suicidality is highly prevalent in autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disabilities, and high autistic traits are found in adults who have attempted suicide. However, prevalence rates for both autistic and possibly autistic ... ...

    Abstract Background: Suicidality is highly prevalent in autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disabilities, and high autistic traits are found in adults who have attempted suicide. However, prevalence rates for both autistic and possibly autistic people have not been synthesised meta-analytically.
    Aims: To (1) calculate pooled prevalence estimates of suicidality in autistic people and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability; (2) evaluate the influence of participant and study level characteristics on heterogeneity; and (3) determine the quality of evidence.
    Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science were systematically searched from 1992 to January 25, 2022. Empirical quantitative studies reporting prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plans, or suicide attempts and behaviours were considered for inclusion. Random effects models were used to estimate pooled prevalence of each suicidality outcome with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was explored using sensitivity and moderator analyses.
    Results: Data from 48,186 autistic and possibly autistic participants in 36 primary studies were meta-analysed. Pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 34.2% (95% CI 27.9-40.5), suicide plans 21.9% (13.4-30.4), and suicidal attempts and behaviours 24.3% (18.9-29.6). High levels of heterogeneity (I
    Conclusions: The results confirm suicidality is highly prevalent in both autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability and highlights potential moderators. Possibly autistic individuals require more attention in clinical and research considerations going forward to further understand and prevent suicide in both groups.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Suicidal Ideation ; Intellectual Disability/complications ; Intellectual Disability/epidemiology ; Autistic Disorder/complications ; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2540930-X
    ISSN 2040-2392 ; 2040-2392
    ISSN (online) 2040-2392
    ISSN 2040-2392
    DOI 10.1186/s13229-023-00544-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: How Do Children Reason About Mirrors? A Comparison Between Adults, Typically Developed Children, and Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

    Soranzo, Alessandro / Bertamini, Marco / Cassidy, Sarah

    Frontiers in psychology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 722213

    Abstract: The information about what one can see and what other people can see from different viewpoints is important. There are circumstances in which adults and children make systematic errors when predicting what is visible from their own or others' viewpoints. ...

    Abstract The information about what one can see and what other people can see from different viewpoints is important. There are circumstances in which adults and children make systematic errors when predicting what is visible from their own or others' viewpoints. This happens for example when reasoning about mirrors. We explored differences among three developmental groups: young adults (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722213
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Autism and the double empathy problem: Implications for development and mental health.

    Mitchell, Peter / Sheppard, Elizabeth / Cassidy, Sarah

    The British journal of developmental psychology

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–18

    Abstract: This article proposes a link between autistic people being misperceived by the neurotypical majority and their being at risk of poor mental health and well-being. We present a transactional account of development in which the misperceptions (and ... ...

    Abstract This article proposes a link between autistic people being misperceived by the neurotypical majority and their being at risk of poor mental health and well-being. We present a transactional account of development in which the misperceptions (and consequent behaviour) of the neurotypical majority influences the perceptions and behaviour of autistic people such that they become increasingly separate and indeed isolated from mainstream society. This jeopardizes their mental health and prevents autistic people from developing to full potential. The situation is not only problematical for the development of autistic people but is also to the detriment of wider society, in so far as autistic people are effectively prevented from contributing fully. This account assumes that some (not necessarily all) autistic people yearn to be included, to be productive and to be useful. It thus directly opposes accounts that view autism as an extreme case of diminished social motivation.
    MeSH term(s) Autistic Disorder ; Empathy ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Problem Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2028059-2
    ISSN 2044-835X ; 0261-510X
    ISSN (online) 2044-835X
    ISSN 0261-510X
    DOI 10.1111/bjdp.12350
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Mental health across the lifespan.

    Gotham, Katherine / Cassidy, Sarah / Weiss, Jonathan

    Autism : the international journal of research and practice

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 805–808

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autistic Disorder ; Community Mental Health Services ; Humans ; Longevity ; Mental Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1338513-6
    ISSN 1461-7005 ; 1362-3613
    ISSN (online) 1461-7005
    ISSN 1362-3613
    DOI 10.1177/1362361320912132
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Development and validation of the suicidal behaviours questionnaire - autism spectrum conditions in a community sample of autistic, possibly autistic and non-autistic adults.

    Cassidy, Sarah A / Bradley, Louise / Cogger-Ward, Heather / Rodgers, Jacqui

    Molecular autism

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 46

    Abstract: Background: Autistic people and those with high autistic traits are at high risk of experiencing suicidality. Yet, there are no suicidality assessment tools developed or validated for these groups.: Methods: A widely used and validated suicidality ... ...

    Abstract Background: Autistic people and those with high autistic traits are at high risk of experiencing suicidality. Yet, there are no suicidality assessment tools developed or validated for these groups.
    Methods: A widely used and validated suicidality assessment tool developed for the general population (SBQ-R), was adapted using feedback from autistic adults, to create the Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Autism Spectrum Conditions (SBQ-ASC). The adapted tool was refined through nine interviews, and an online survey with 251 autistic adults, to establish clarity and relevance of the items. Subsequently, 308 autistic, 113 possibly autistic, and 268 non-autistic adults completed the adapted tool online, alongside self-report measures of autistic traits (AQ), camouflaging autistic traits (CAT-Q), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (ASA-A), thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (INQ-15), lifetime non-suicidal self-injury, and the original version of the suicidality assessment tool (SBQ-R). Analyses explored the appropriateness and measurement properties of the adapted tool between the groups.
    Results: There was evidence in support of content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, test-retest validity, sensitivity and specificity (for distinguishing those with or without lifetime experience of suicide attempt), and hypothesis testing of the adapted tool (SBQ-ASC) in each group. The structure of the SBQ-ASC was equivalent between autistic and possibly autistic adults, regardless of gender, or use of visual aids to help quantify abstract rating scales.
    Limitations: The samples involved in the development and validation of the adapted tool were largely female, and largely diagnosed as autistic in adulthood, which limits the generalisability of results to the wider autistic population. The SBQ-ASC has been developed for use in research and is not recommended to assess risk of future suicide attempts and/or self-harm. The SBQ-ASC has been designed with and for autistic and possibly autistic adults, and is not appropriate to compare to non-autistic adults given measurement differences between these groups.
    Conclusions: The SBQ-ASC is a brief self-report suicidality assessment tool, developed and validated with and for autistic adults, without co-occurring intellectual disability. The SBQ-ASC is appropriate for use in research to identify suicidal thoughts and behaviours in autistic and possibly autistic people, and model associations with risk and protective factors.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology ; Autistic Disorder/diagnosis ; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2540930-X
    ISSN 2040-2392 ; 2040-2392
    ISSN (online) 2040-2392
    ISSN 2040-2392
    DOI 10.1186/s13229-021-00449-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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