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Article ; Online: Ecosystem degradation and the spread of Covid-19.

Castelli, Chiara / Castellini, Marta / Comincioli, Nicola / Parisi, Maria Laura / Pontarollo, Nicola / Vergalli, Sergio

2023 Volume 195, Issue 7, Page(s) 836

Abstract: The linkages between the emergence of zoonotic diseases and ecosystem degradation have been widely acknowledged by the scientific community and policy makers. In this paper we investigate the relationship between human overexploitation of natural ... ...

Abstract	The linkages between the emergence of zoonotic diseases and ecosystem degradation have been widely acknowledged by the scientific community and policy makers. In this paper we investigate the relationship between human overexploitation of natural resources, represented by the Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production Index (HANPP) and the spread of Covid-19 cases during the first pandemic wave in 730 regions of 63 countries worldwide. Using a Bayesian estimation technique, we highlight the significant role of HANPP as a driver of Covid-19 diffusion, besides confirming the well-known impact of population size and the effects of other socio-economic variables. We believe that these findings could be relevant for policy makers in their effort towards a more sustainable intensive agriculture and responsible urbanisation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; COVID-19 ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Agriculture
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-023-11403-6
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Article ; Online: A Microsatellite in the Coding Sequence of HLA-A/B Is a Mutation Hotspot in Colon Cancer With Microsatellite Instability.

Raab, William J / Mazzocchi, Arabella / Radice, Paolo / Sahoo, Debashis / Castelli, Chiara / Dalerba, Piero

Gastroenterology

2021 Volume 162, Issue 3, Page(s) 960–963.e3

MeSH term(s)	Alleles ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics ; Databases, Genetic ; Frameshift Mutation ; HLA-A Antigens/genetics ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability
Chemical Substances	HLA-A Antigens ; HLA-B Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80112-4
ISSN	1528-0012 ; 0016-5085
ISSN (online)	1528-0012
ISSN	0016-5085
DOI	10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.006
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Article ; Online: Y

Rivoltini, Licia / Bhoori, Sherrie / Camisaschi, Chiara / Bergamaschi, Laura / Lalli, Luca / Frati, Paola / Citterio, Davide / Castelli, Chiara / Mazzaferro, Vincenzo

Gut

2022 Volume 72, Issue 2, Page(s) 406–407

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy ; Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Immunotherapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80128-8
ISSN	1468-3288 ; 0017-5749
ISSN (online)	1468-3288
ISSN	0017-5749
DOI	10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326869
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Article ; Online: Immunological characterization of a long-lasting response in a patient with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with PD-1 and LAG-3 blockade.

Rivoltini, Licia / Camisaschi, Chiara / Fucà, Giovanni / Paolini, Biagio / Vergani, Barbara / Beretta, Valeria / Damian, Silvia / Duca, Matteo / Cresta, Sara / Magni, Michele / Leone, Biagio Eugenio / Castelli, Chiara / de Braud, Filippo / De Santis, Francesca / Di Nicola, Massimo

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3379

Abstract: In patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), translational research efforts are needed to improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we report on the immunological characterization of an ... ...

Abstract	In patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), translational research efforts are needed to improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we report on the immunological characterization of an exceptional, long-lasting, tumor complete response in a patient with metastatic TNBC treated with dual PD-1 and LAG-3 blockade within the phase I/II study CLAG525X2101C (NCT02460224) The pre-treatment tumor biopsy revealed the presence of a CD3
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Treatment Outcome ; B7-H1 Antigen
Chemical Substances	Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Antineoplastic Agents ; B7-H1 Antigen
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-54041-9
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Article ; Online: Extracellular vesicles in anti-tumor immunity.

Vergani, Elisabetta / Daveri, Elena / Vallacchi, Viviana / Bergamaschi, Laura / Lalli, Luca / Castelli, Chiara / Rodolfo, Monica / Rivoltini, Licia / Huber, Veronica

Seminars in cancer biology

2021 Volume 86, Issue Pt 1, Page(s) 64–79

Abstract: To what extent extracellular vesicles (EVs) can impact anti-tumor immune responses has only started to get unraveled. Their nanometer dimensions, their growing number of subtypes together with the difficulties in defining their origin hamper their ... ...

Abstract	To what extent extracellular vesicles (EVs) can impact anti-tumor immune responses has only started to get unraveled. Their nanometer dimensions, their growing number of subtypes together with the difficulties in defining their origin hamper their investigation. The existence of tumor cell lines facilitated advance in cancer EV understanding, while capturing information about phenotypes and functions of immune cell EVs in this context is more complex. The advent of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has further deepened the need to dissect the impact of EVs during immune activation and response, not least to contribute unraveling and preventing the generation of resistance occurring in the majority of patients. Here we discuss the factors that influence anddrive the immune response in cancer patients in the context of cancer therapeutics and the roles or possible functions that EVs can have in this scenario. With immune cell-derived EVs as leitmotiv, we will journey from EV discovery and subtypes through physiological and pathological functions, from similarities with tumor EVs to measures to revert detrimental consequences on immune responses to cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Immunotherapy ; Immunity ; Cell Line, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1033980-2
ISSN	1096-3650 ; 1044-579X
ISSN (online)	1096-3650
ISSN	1044-579X
DOI	10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.09.004
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Article ; Online: Melanoma Stem Cell Sphere Formation Assay.

Tuccitto, Alessandra / Beretta, Valeria / Rini, Francesca / Castelli, Chiara / Perego, Michela

Bio-protocol

2017 Volume 7, Issue 8, Page(s) e2233

Abstract: Self-renewal is the ability of cells to replicate themselves at every cell cycle. Throughout self-renewal in normal tissue homeostasis, stem cell number is maintained constant throughout life. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share this ability with normal ... ...

Abstract	Self-renewal is the ability of cells to replicate themselves at every cell cycle. Throughout self-renewal in normal tissue homeostasis, stem cell number is maintained constant throughout life. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share this ability with normal tissue stem cells and the sphere formation assay (SFA) is the gold standard assay to assess stem cells (or cancer stem cells) self-renewal potential
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2833269-6
ISSN	2331-8325 ; 2331-8325
ISSN (online)	2331-8325
ISSN	2331-8325
DOI	10.21769/BioProtoc.2233
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Article ; Online: Impact of extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization on the ischemic burden of refractory angina patients: a single photon emission computed tomography study.

Alunni, Gianluca / D'''''Amico, Salvatore / Castelli, Chiara / De Lio, Giulia / Fioravanti, Francesco / Gallone, Guglielmo / Marra, Sebastiano / De Ferrari, Gaetano M

Minerva cardioangiologica

2020 Volume 68, Issue 6, Page(s) 567–576

Abstract: Background: Extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization (ESMR) is a non-invasive treatment designed to improve symptoms in refractory angina (RA) patients. Enhanced perfusion through local vasodilation and neo-capillarization is postulated to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization (ESMR) is a non-invasive treatment designed to improve symptoms in refractory angina (RA) patients. Enhanced perfusion through local vasodilation and neo-capillarization is postulated to be the mechanism of the observed clinical benefit. However, the impact of ESMR on the ischemic burden of RA patients has not been adequately assessed. Methods: One-hundred twenty-one consecutive RA patients suitable for ESMR were treated. Twenty-nine RA patients not suitable for treatment were clinically followed-up as a control group for clinical endpoints. ESMR-treated patients underwent baseline and 6-month single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate the changes in ischemic burden. The operator was blinded to the pre/post-treatment status of the SPECT exam. The primary endpoint was the difference in summed stress score (SSS) and summed difference score (SDS) between follow-up and baseline SPECTs. Secondary endpoints included the changes in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class and nitroglycerin use between 6-month follow-up and baseline. Clinical endpoints were further compared between ESMR-treated patients and the control group. Results: Following ESMR, a significant reduction in the ischemic burden was observed (follow-up SSS: 14.2±10 vs. baseline SSS: 21.2±9.42, P<0.0001; follow-up SDS: 4.6±5.9 vs. baseline SDS 10.2±7.9, P<0.0001) including less patients with moderate to severe ischemia (19% vs. 46% P<0.0001). CCS class and nitroglycerin use were significantly reduced (CCS: 1.5±0.6 vs. 2.7±0.6, P<0.0001; patients needing nitroglycerin: 24% vs. 64%, P<0.0001). When compared to the control group, CCS class reduction, nitroglycerin use and hospitalizations were significantly lower for ESMR treated vs. non-treated RA patients at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: In this single-center cohort of RA patients undergoing ESMR treatment and serial myocardial perfusion imaging, ESMR was associated with a significant reduction in the ischemic burden. These findings provide a physiological rationale and mechanism for the observed clinical benefit.
MeSH term(s)	Angina, Unstable/therapy ; Canada ; High-Energy Shock Waves ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-21
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123583-7
ISSN	1827-1618 ; 0026-4725
ISSN (online)	1827-1618
ISSN	0026-4725
DOI	10.23736/S0026-4725.20.05110-5
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Article ; Online: Monitoring the frequency and function of regulatory T cells and summary of the approaches currently used to inhibit regulatory T cells in cancer patients.

Camisaschi, Chiara / Tazzari, Marcella / Rivoltini, Licia / Castelli, Chiara

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2014 Volume 1139, Page(s) 201–221

Abstract: Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subset of T lymphocytes that in humans represent less than the 10 % of circulating CD4(+) T cells. Treg are specialized in the inhibition of the immune responses and play a crucial role in the maintenance of immunological ... ...

Abstract	Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subset of T lymphocytes that in humans represent less than the 10 % of circulating CD4(+) T cells. Treg are specialized in the inhibition of the immune responses and play a crucial role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Several lines of evidence clearly documented the role of Treg in restraining antitumor immune responses. For this reason, antitumor immunotherapy approaches have been recently associated with drug treatments aimed at depleting Treg or blocking their functions. A summary of the currently used in vivo approaches to limit Treg expansion in cancer patients is here provided.A comprehensive phenotypic and functional monitoring of Treg is crucial for the precise assessment of the effects that these different drug treatments exert on Treg. In this chapter, we will provide guidelines for an accurate ex vivo identification of human Treg. Due to the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, intrinsic plasticity, and the lack of a unique marker exclusively expressed by human Treg, the clear-cut identification of this T cell subset requires the expert usage of multiparametric flow cytometry analysis (FACS). In this view, a combination of phenotypic and functional assessment of Treg is mandatory. In this chapter, we will describe the most reliable methods to identify and monitor the modulation of human Treg in patients undergoing immunological or drug-based treatments. Protocols to measure ex vivo the suppressive functions of Treg are also provided.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Separation ; Centrifugation ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Cytological Techniques/methods ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Staining and Labeling ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-0345-0_18
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Article: Immune response markers in sentinel nodes may predict melanoma progression.

Rodolfo, Monica / Castelli, Chiara / Rivoltini, Licia

Oncoimmunology

2014 Volume 3, Page(s) e28498

Abstract: We recently reported that variable expression of immune-response genes distinguishes tumor positive sentinel nodes in melanoma patients with malignant progression from those with non-progressing disease. Our results depict sentinel nodes as sites in ... ...

Abstract	We recently reported that variable expression of immune-response genes distinguishes tumor positive sentinel nodes in melanoma patients with malignant progression from those with non-progressing disease. Our results depict sentinel nodes as sites in which immune functions are associated with metastatic disease and identify CD30 as a host immune-related cancer prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645309-5
ISSN	2162-402X ; 2162-4011
ISSN (online)	2162-402X
ISSN	2162-4011
DOI	10.4161/onci.28498
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Article: Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs): a molecular target for the restoration of active antitumor immunity.

Castelli, Chiara / Triebel, Frédéric / Rivoltini, Licia / Camisaschi, Chiara

Oncoimmunology

2014 Volume 3, Issue 11, Page(s) e967146

Abstract: We have recently reported that lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3,CD223) mediates the alternative, IFNα-deficient activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at tumor sites. Our findings define a novel tumor-driven strategy that promotes ... ...

Abstract	We have recently reported that lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3,CD223) mediates the alternative, IFNα-deficient activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) at tumor sites. Our findings define a novel tumor-driven strategy that promotes immunosuppression by pDCs, and we have provided more detailed information regarding the immunomodulatory role of of LAG-3. The translational relevance of our results for the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases is discussed herein.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645309-5
ISSN	2162-402X ; 2162-4011
ISSN (online)	2162-402X
ISSN	2162-4011
DOI	10.4161/21624011.2014.967146
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