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Article ; Online: Biomphalaria glabrata immunity: Post-genome advances.

Castillo, Maria G / Humphries, Judith E / Mourão, Marina M / Marquez, Joshua / Gonzalez, Adrian / Montelongo, Cesar E

Developmental and comparative immunology

2019 Volume 104, Page(s) 103557

Abstract: The freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, is an important intermediate host in the life cycle for the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis. Current treatment and prevention strategies have not led to a significant ...

Abstract	The freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, is an important intermediate host in the life cycle for the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis. Current treatment and prevention strategies have not led to a significant decrease in disease transmission. However, the genome of B. glabrata was recently sequenced to provide additional resources to further our understanding of snail biology. This review presents an overview of recently published, post-genome studies related to the topic of snail immunity. Many of these reports expand on findings originated from the genome characterization. These novel studies include a complementary gene linkage map, analysis of the genome of the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line, as well as transcriptomic and proteomic studies looking at snail-parasite interactions and innate immune memory responses towards schistosomes. Also included are biochemical investigations on snail pheromones, neuropeptides, and attractants, as well as studies investigating the frontiers of molluscan epigenetics and cell signaling were also included. Findings support the current hypotheses on snail-parasite strain compatibility, and that snail host resistance to schistosome infection is dependent not only on genetics and expression, but on the ability to form multimeric molecular complexes in a timely and tissue-specific manner. The relevance of cell immunity is reinforced, while the importance of humoral factors, especially for secondary infections, is supported. Overall, these studies reflect an improved understanding on the diversity, specificity, and complexity of molluscan immune systems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomphalaria/immunology ; Disease Vectors ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Proteomics ; Schistosoma mansoni/physiology ; Schistosomiasis/transmission ; Signal Transduction ; Transcriptome
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	752411-0
ISSN	1879-0089 ; 0145-305X
ISSN (online)	1879-0089
ISSN	0145-305X
DOI	10.1016/j.dci.2019.103557
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Article ; Online: Insulin Resistance Markers to Detect Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Male Hispanic Population.

Pérez-Mayorga, Maritza / Lopez-Lopez, Jose P / Chacon-Manosalva, Maria A / Castillo, Maria G / Otero, Johanna / Martinez-Bello, Daniel / Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego / Cohen, Daniel D / Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio

Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 1782221

Abstract: Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with cardiometabolic disorders, being insulin resistance (IR) the common pathogenic mechanism. The triglycerides/glucose ...

Abstract	Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with cardiometabolic disorders, being insulin resistance (IR) the common pathogenic mechanism. The triglycerides/glucose (TyG) index and triglycerides/HDL-c (TG/HDL) ratio are markers correlated with IR. We compared the capacity of these two indexes, alongside IR, to detect NAFLD. Methods: In a cross-sectional cohort study, we examined 263 active military personnel from the Colombian Air Force, aged between 29 and 54 years. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations (glycemia, lipid profile, and insulin) were obtained, and ultrasound studies were performed to evaluate the presence of NAFLD. HOMA-IR index was calculated as (fasting insulin ( Results: NAFLD ultrasound criteria were met in 70 individuals (26.6%). Subjects with NAFLD had significantly higher values of HOMA-IR (2.55 ± 1.36 vs. 1.51 ± 0.91), TyG (9.17 ± 0.53 vs. 8.7 ± 0.51), and TG/HDL (6.6 ± 4.54 vs. 3.52 ± 2.32) compared to those without NAFLD ( Conclusion: Our study shows that novel and lower-cost markers of IR are useful for detecting NALFD, with a performance comparable to the HOMA-IR index. These markers should be used as the first step when screening patients for NAFLD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Glucose ; Hispanic or Latino ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis ; Triglycerides
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Insulin ; Triglycerides ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-03
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2762182-0
ISSN	2291-2797 ; 1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
ISSN (online)	2291-2797 ; 1916-7237
ISSN	0835-7900
DOI	10.1155/2022/1782221
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Article ; Online: The immune response of cephalopods from head to foot.

Castillo, Maria G / Salazar, Karla A / Joffe, Nina R

Fish & shellfish immunology

2015 Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 145–160

Abstract: Cephalopods are a diverse group of marine molluscs that have proven their worth in a vast array of ways, ranging from their importance within ecological settings and increasing commercial value, to their recent use as model organisms in biological ... ...

Abstract	Cephalopods are a diverse group of marine molluscs that have proven their worth in a vast array of ways, ranging from their importance within ecological settings and increasing commercial value, to their recent use as model organisms in biological research. However, despite their acknowledged importance, our understanding of basic cephalopod biology does not equate their ecological, societal, and scientific significance. Among these undeveloped research areas, cephalopod immunology stands out because it encompasses a wide variety of scientific fields including many within the biological and chemical sciences, and because of its potential biomedical and commercial relevance. This review aims to address the current knowledge on the topic of cephalopod immunity, focusing on components and functions already established as part of the animals' internal defense mechanisms, as well as identifying gaps that would benefit from future research. More specifically, the present review details both cellular and humoral defenses, and organizes them into sensor, signaling, and effector components. Molluscan, and particularly cephalopod immunology has lagged behind many other areas of study, but thanks to the efforts of many dedicated researchers and the assistance of modern technology, this gap is steadily decreasing. A better understanding of cephalopod immunity will have a positive impact on the health and survival of one of the most intriguing and unique animal groups on the planet, and will certainly influence many other areas of human interest such as ecology, evolution, physiology, symbiosis, and aquaculture.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cephalopoda/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1067738-0
ISSN	1095-9947 ; 1050-4648
ISSN (online)	1095-9947
ISSN	1050-4648
DOI	10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.029
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Article ; Online: Identification, molecular characterization, and gene expression analysis of a CD109 molecule in the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes.

Yazzie, Natasha / Salazar, Karla A / Castillo, Maria G

Fish & shellfish immunology

2015 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 342–355

Abstract: All organisms have unique immune systems that help them identify and eliminate invading microorganisms. A group of evolutionary ancient molecules, the thioester-containing proteins (TEP) superfamily, are known to play an important immune role by aiding ... ...

Abstract	All organisms have unique immune systems that help them identify and eliminate invading microorganisms. A group of evolutionary ancient molecules, the thioester-containing proteins (TEP) superfamily, are known to play an important immune role by aiding animal hosts in the recognition, destruction, and elimination of hazardous microorganisms and their products. Our laboratory focuses on studying the role of the immune system in the mutualistic relationship between the sepiolid squid, Euprymna scolopes and its bioluminescent symbiont Vibrio fischeri. In the present study, we report the identification of a novel TEP-like transcript expressed in the light organ of squid. Characterization of the full-length coding sequence showed a molecule of 4218 nucleotides, corresponding to 1406 amino acids. Further sequence analysis revealed it contained structural characteristics of A2M molecules, including the thioester and receptor-binding domains. Analysis using the predicted amino acid sequence suggested this transcript was a homologue of CD109 molecules, thus we named it E. scolopes-CD109 (Es-CD109). In addition to the light organ, we were able to detect and amplify Es-CD109 in 12 out of 14 adult squid tissues tested. Quantification experiments showed that Es-CD109 expression levels were significantly lower in the light organ of symbiotic compared to aposymbiotic juveniles, suggesting a possible down-regulation of the host immune response in the presence of the bacterial symbiont.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/chemistry ; Antigens, CD/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Decapodiformes/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	Antigens, CD
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1067738-0
ISSN	1095-9947 ; 1050-4648
ISSN (online)	1095-9947
ISSN	1050-4648
DOI	10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.036
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Article: Sequence and structural variation in the genome of the Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line

Wheeler, Nicolas J / Dinguirard, Nathalie / Marquez, Joshua / Gonzalez, Adrian / Zamanian, Mostafa / Yoshino, Timothy P / Castillo, Maria G

Parasites & vectors. 2018 Dec., v. 11, no. 1

2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The aquatic pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a significant vector and laboratory host for the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni, an etiological agent for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. Much is known regarding the ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: The aquatic pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a significant vector and laboratory host for the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni, an etiological agent for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. Much is known regarding the host-parasite interactions of these two organisms, and the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line has been an invaluable resource in these studies. The B. glabrata BB02 genome sequence was recently released, but nothing is known of the sequence variation between this reference and the Bge cell genome, which has likely accumulated substantial genetic variation in the ~50 years since its isolation. RESULTS: Here, we report the genome sequence of our laboratory subculture of the Bge cell line (designated Bge3), which we mapped to the B. glabrata BB02 reference genome. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were predicted and focus was given to those SNVs that are most likely to affect the structure or expression of protein-coding genes. Furthermore, we have highlighted and validated high-impact SNVs in genes that have often been studied using Bge cells as an in vitro model, and other genes that may have contributed to the immortalization of this cell line. We also resolved representative karyotypes for the Bge3 subculture, which revealed a mixed population exhibiting substantial aneuploidy, in line with previous reports from other Bge subcultures. CONCLUSIONS: The Bge3 genome differs from the B. glabrata BB02 reference genome in both sequence and structure, and these are likely to have significant biological effects. The availability of the Bge3 genome sequence, and an awareness of genomic differences with B. glabrata, will inform the design of experiments to understand gene function in this unique in vitro snail cell model. Additionally, this resource will aid in the development of new technologies and molecular approaches that promise to reveal more about this schistosomiasis-transmitting snail vector.
Keywords	Biomphalaria glabrata ; Schistosoma mansoni ; aneuploidy ; bioactive properties ; cell lines ; etiological agents ; experimental design ; genes ; genetic variation ; host-parasite relationships ; karyotyping ; models ; nucleotide sequences ; schistosomiasis ; sequence diversity ; snails ; technology ; tropical diseases
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 496.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-3059-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Correction to: Sequence and structural variation in the genome of the Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line

Wheeler, Nicolas J / Dinguirard, Nathalie / Marquez, Joshua / Gonzalez, Adrian / Zamanian, Mostafa / Yoshino, Timothy P / Castillo, Maria G

Parasites & vectors. 2018 Dec., v. 11, no. 1

2018

Abstract: Following publication of the original article [], the authors reported an error in figure 1: ...

Abstract	Following publication of the original article [], the authors reported an error in figure 1:
Keywords	Biomphalaria glabrata ; cell lines ; genome
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 566.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
Note	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-3135-7
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Sequence and structural variation in the genome of the Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line.

Wheeler, Nicolas J / Dinguirard, Nathalie / Marquez, Joshua / Gonzalez, Adrian / Zamanian, Mostafa / Yoshino, Timothy P / Castillo, Maria G

Parasites & vectors

2018 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 566

Abstract: Following publication of the original article [], the authors reported an error in figure 1. ...

Abstract	Following publication of the original article [], the authors reported an error in figure 1.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-3135-7
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Article ; Online: Sequence and structural variation in the genome of the Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line.

Wheeler, Nicolas J / Dinguirard, Nathalie / Marquez, Joshua / Gonzalez, Adrian / Zamanian, Mostafa / Yoshino, Timothy P / Castillo, Maria G

Parasites & vectors

2018 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 496

Abstract: Background: The aquatic pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a significant vector and laboratory host for the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni, an etiological agent for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. Much is known regarding ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aquatic pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a significant vector and laboratory host for the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni, an etiological agent for the neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis. Much is known regarding the host-parasite interactions of these two organisms, and the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line has been an invaluable resource in these studies. The B. glabrata BB02 genome sequence was recently released, but nothing is known of the sequence variation between this reference and the Bge cell genome, which has likely accumulated substantial genetic variation in the ~50 years since its isolation. Results: Here, we report the genome sequence of our laboratory subculture of the Bge cell line (designated Bge3), which we mapped to the B. glabrata BB02 reference genome. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were predicted and focus was given to those SNVs that are most likely to affect the structure or expression of protein-coding genes. Furthermore, we have highlighted and validated high-impact SNVs in genes that have often been studied using Bge cells as an in vitro model, and other genes that may have contributed to the immortalization of this cell line. We also resolved representative karyotypes for the Bge3 subculture, which revealed a mixed population exhibiting substantial aneuploidy, in line with previous reports from other Bge subcultures. Conclusions: The Bge3 genome differs from the B. glabrata BB02 reference genome in both sequence and structure, and these are likely to have significant biological effects. The availability of the Bge3 genome sequence, and an awareness of genomic differences with B. glabrata, will inform the design of experiments to understand gene function in this unique in vitro snail cell model. Additionally, this resource will aid in the development of new technologies and molecular approaches that promise to reveal more about this schistosomiasis-transmitting snail vector.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomphalaria/cytology ; Biomphalaria/embryology ; Biomphalaria/genetics ; Biomphalaria/parasitology ; Cell Line ; Disease Vectors ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Genome ; Karyotyping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Schistosoma mansoni/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-018-3059-2
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Article: The immune response of cephalopods from head to foot

Castillo, Maria G / Karla A. Salazar / Nina R. Joffe

Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 2015 Sept., v. 46

2015

Abstract	Cephalopods are a diverse group of marine molluscs that have proven their worth in a vast array of ways, ranging from their importance within ecological settings and increasing commercial value, to their recent use as model organisms in biological research. However, despite their acknowledged importance, our understanding of basic cephalopod biology does not equate their ecological, societal, and scientific significance. Among these undeveloped research areas, cephalopod immunology stands out because it encompasses a wide variety of scientific fields including many within the biological and chemical sciences, and because of its potential biomedical and commercial relevance. This review aims to address the current knowledge on the topic of cephalopod immunity, focusing on components and functions already established as part of the animals' internal defense mechanisms, as well as identifying gaps that would benefit from future research. More specifically, the present review details both cellular and humoral defenses, and organizes them into sensor, signaling, and effector components. Molluscan, and particularly cephalopod immunology has lagged behind many other areas of study, but thanks to the efforts of many dedicated researchers and the assistance of modern technology, this gap is steadily decreasing. A better understanding of cephalopod immunity will have a positive impact on the health and survival of one of the most intriguing and unique animal groups on the planet, and will certainly influence many other areas of human interest such as ecology, evolution, physiology, symbiosis, and aquaculture.
Keywords	aquaculture ; Cephalopoda ; defense mechanisms ; evolution ; humans ; immune response ; molluscs ; physiology ; researchers ; symbiosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-09
Size	p. 145-160.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1067738-0
ISSN	1095-9947 ; 1050-4648
ISSN (online)	1095-9947
ISSN	1050-4648
DOI	10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.029
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Transcriptome analysis of the white body of the squid Euprymna tasmanica with emphasis on immune and hematopoietic gene discovery.

Salazar, Karla A / Joffe, Nina R / Dinguirard, Nathalie / Houde, Peter / Castillo, Maria G

PloS one

2015 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) e0119949

Abstract: In the mutualistic relationship between the squid Euprymna tasmanica and the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, several host factors, including immune-related proteins, are known to interact and respond specifically and exclusively to the presence ...

Abstract	In the mutualistic relationship between the squid Euprymna tasmanica and the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, several host factors, including immune-related proteins, are known to interact and respond specifically and exclusively to the presence of the symbiont. In squid and octopus, the white body is considered to be an immune organ mainly due to the fact that blood cells, or hemocytes, are known to be present in high numbers and in different developmental stages. Hence, the white body has been described as the site of hematopoiesis in cephalopods. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies showing any molecular evidence of such functions. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of white body tissue of the Southern dumpling squid, E. tasmanica. Our primary goal was to gain insights into the functions of this tissue and to test for the presence of gene transcripts associated with hematopoietic and immune processes. Several hematopoiesis genes including CPSF1, GATA 2, TFIID, and FGFR2 were found to be expressed in the white body. In addition, transcripts associated with immune-related signal transduction pathways, such as the toll-like receptor/NF-κβ, and MAPK pathways were also found, as well as other immune genes previously identified in E. tasmanica's sister species, E. scolopes. This study is the first to analyze an immune organ within cephalopods, and to provide gene expression data supporting the white body as a hematopoietic tissue.
MeSH term(s)	Aliivibrio fischeri/immunology ; Animals ; Decapodiformes/genetics ; Decapodiformes/immunology ; Decapodiformes/metabolism ; Decapodiformes/microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation/immunology ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Hematopoiesis/immunology ; Immunity/genetics ; Transcriptome/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0119949
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