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  1. Book ; Online: Learning coordination through new actions

    Castro, Sofia B. S. D.

    2023  

    Abstract: We provide a novel approach to achieving a desired outcome in a coordination game: the original 2x2 game is embedded in a 2x3 game where one of the players may use a third action. For a large set of payoff values only one of the Nash equilibria of the ... ...

    Abstract We provide a novel approach to achieving a desired outcome in a coordination game: the original 2x2 game is embedded in a 2x3 game where one of the players may use a third action. For a large set of payoff values only one of the Nash equilibria of the original 2x2 game is stable under replicator dynamics. We show that this Nash equilibrium is the {\omega}-limit of all initial conditions in the interior of the state space for the modified 2x3 game. Thus, the existence of a third action for one of the players, although not used, allows both players to coordinate on one Nash equilibrium. This Nash equilibrium is the one preferred by, at least, the player with access to the new action. This approach deals with both coordination failure (players choose the payoff-dominant Nash equilibrium, if such a Nash equilibrium exists) and miscoordination (players do not use mixed strategies).
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ; Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ; 34C99 ; 37C75 ; 91A05 ; 91A10 ; 91A22
    Subject code 629
    Publishing date 2023-04-12
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Publisher's Note: "Arbitrarily large heteroclinic networks in fixed low-dimensional state space" [Chaos 33, 083156 (2023)].

    Castro, Sofia B S D / Lohse, Alexander

    Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 10

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472677-4
    ISSN 1089-7682 ; 1054-1500
    ISSN (online) 1089-7682
    ISSN 1054-1500
    DOI 10.1063/5.0177892
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  3. Article ; Online: Arbitrarily large heteroclinic networks in fixed low-dimensional state space.

    Castro, Sofia B S D / Lohse, Alexander

    Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

    2023  Volume 33, Issue 8

    Abstract: We consider heteroclinic networks between n∈N nodes where the only connections are those linking each node to its two subsequent neighboring ones. Using a construction method where all nodes are placed in a single one-dimensional space and the ... ...

    Abstract We consider heteroclinic networks between n∈N nodes where the only connections are those linking each node to its two subsequent neighboring ones. Using a construction method where all nodes are placed in a single one-dimensional space and the connections lie in coordinate planes, we show that it is possible to robustly realize these networks in R6 for any number of nodes n using a polynomial vector field. This bound on the space dimension (while the number of nodes in the network goes to ∞) is a novel phenomenon and a step toward more efficient realization methods for given connection structures in terms of the required number of space dimensions. We briefly discuss some stability properties of the generated heteroclinic objects.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472677-4
    ISSN 1089-7682 ; 1054-1500
    ISSN (online) 1089-7682
    ISSN 1054-1500
    DOI 10.1063/5.0156192
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  4. Article: Successful technical note-Identification of the Adamkievicz artery with 1.5 Tesla MR angiography in a 14-month-old child.

    Almeida, Ana Isabel / Vasconcelos-Castro, Sofia / Sampaio, Luísa

    Radiology case reports

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 188–191

    Abstract: Posterior mediastinal tumors surgery may be complicated by their proximity to the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) and its segmental supplier, increasing the risk of ischemia of the spinal cord. We describe a case of preoperative identification of the AKA ... ...

    Abstract Posterior mediastinal tumors surgery may be complicated by their proximity to the artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) and its segmental supplier, increasing the risk of ischemia of the spinal cord. We describe a case of preoperative identification of the AKA with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a 14-month-old boy diagnosed with a thoracic neuroblastoma, thus allowing an accurate surgical planning in order to avoid injury to those vessels. Given the relatively high incidence of posterior mediastinal tumors in the pediatric age, MRA may establish itself as a viable alternative for this purpose, even in young children.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2406300-9
    ISSN 1930-0433
    ISSN 1930-0433
    DOI 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.10.004
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  5. Article ; Online: Am I truly monolingual? Exploring foreign language experiences in monolinguals.

    Castro, Sofía / Wodniecka, Zofia / Timmer, Kalinka

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0265563

    Abstract: Monolingualism has typically been understood as a homogeneous phenomenon. The linguistic experiences of monolinguals are usually overlooked when analysing the impact of foreign language experiences on language processing and cognitive functioning. In ... ...

    Abstract Monolingualism has typically been understood as a homogeneous phenomenon. The linguistic experiences of monolinguals are usually overlooked when analysing the impact of foreign language experiences on language processing and cognitive functioning. In this study, we analyse the linguistic experiences of 962 English-speaking individuals from the United Kingdom (UK) who identified as monolinguals. Through an online survey, we found that more than 80% of these monolinguals had learned at least one foreign language, dialect, or type of jargon. More than half of this 80% of monolinguals also used languages they had learned at some point in their lives. Moreover, nearly 40% of all the studied monolinguals confirmed that they had been passively exposed to foreign languages or dialects in their environment; approximately a fourth of these monolinguals who declared exposure to at least one foreign language (or dialect) confirmed that they also used these languages. Furthermore, activities that involved passive use of languages (i.e., activities that require reading or listening but do not require speaking or writing; e.g., watching TV) were occasionally carried out in foreign languages: around 26% of these monolinguals confirmed the passive use of more than one language. Lastly, around 58% of monolinguals who had visited one or more non-English-speaking countries declared the active use of foreign languages during their stay(s). These results suggest that the linguistic experiences of monolinguals from the UK often include exposure to and use of foreign languages. Moreover, these results show the need to consider the specificity of the monolingual language experience when analysing the impact of foreign languages on cognitive functioning, as differences in the language experiences of bilinguals also have divergent impacts on cognition. Lastly, monolingual experiences are different from bilingual experiences; therefore, existing questionnaires that evaluate language experiences should be adapted to capture the particular linguistic experiences of monolinguals.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Language ; Linguistics ; Multilingualism ; Reading ; Vocabulary
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0265563
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  6. Article: COMPLEX CHEST WALL DEFORMITY CAUSING CARDIAC ARREST: A PECULIAR PEDIATRIC CASE.

    Soares-Oliveira, Miguel / Vasconcelos-Castro, Sofia / Estevinho, Norberto

    Portuguese journal of cardiac thoracic and vascular surgery

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–60

    Abstract: Introduction: Congenital chest wall deformities are common in children, causing self and parental concern mainly due to cosmesis. These defects rarely cause severe symptoms in patients.: Case report: 11-year-old girl with a complex chest wall ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Congenital chest wall deformities are common in children, causing self and parental concern mainly due to cosmesis. These defects rarely cause severe symptoms in patients.
    Case report: 11-year-old girl with a complex chest wall deformity and severe scoliosis causing progressive neurological loss of function. When mobilized to prone position for orthopedic surgery, she suffered sudden hypotension immediately followed by a cardiac arrest, that reverted after moving the child back to supine position. The cardiac arrest was interpreted as a result of a decrease in venous blood return secondary to heart and great vessels compression. She was then proposed and submitted to a modified Ravitch procedure with retrosternal metal bar placement in order to allow ventral positioning. This was successfully achieved, and the patient underwent scoliosis correction 3 months later. After more than a year of follow up, she reduced the need for non-invasive ventilation and tolerates prone positioning.
    Conclusion: This case report alerts medical community that beyond cosmesis concerns, severe chest wall deformities can cause life-threatening events if not correctly managed.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Heart Arrest/etiology ; Humans ; Thoracic Wall/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-08
    Publishing country Portugal
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2184-9927
    ISSN 2184-9927
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  7. Article: ULTRASOUND-GUIDED CENTRAL LINE INSERTION IN CHILDREN: HOW MUCH IMAGING IS REALLY NEEDED?

    Vasconcelos-Castro, Sofia / Flor-de-Lima, Beatriz / Soares-Oliveira, Miguel

    Portuguese journal of cardiac thoracic and vascular surgery

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 37–41

    Abstract: Introduction: A recent survey revealed that most pediatric surgeons use intraoperative fluoroscopy and routine postoperative chest radiography for catheter tip location in central line placement. The aim of this study is to review all cases of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: A recent survey revealed that most pediatric surgeons use intraoperative fluoroscopy and routine postoperative chest radiography for catheter tip location in central line placement. The aim of this study is to review all cases of ultrasound-guided central line placements and to evaluate the role of postoperative chest radiography.
    Methods: Retrospective data analysis of children submitted to percutaneous central line insertion under ultrasound control over a 2-year period in a pediatric surgery department. Data collected included: age, indication for central venous access, catheter type, usage of intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative chest radiography, complications, and whether chest radiography dictated any catheter-related intervention.
    Results: Fifty-five long-term central lines were successfully established in children aged between 1 month and 17 years. All patients had the catheter tip position confirmed either by intraoperative fluoroscopy (96%), chest radiography (85%) or both (82%). Catheter tip overlying the cardiac silhouette (right atrium) on chest radiography was reported in 4 cases; these findings led to no change in catheter positioning or other catheter-related intervention. There were no catheter-related complications.
    Conclusions: Percutaneous central line insertion under US-control is safe and effective even in small children. Post- operative chest radiography did not dictate any modification of catheter tip positioning after central line placement with ultrasound and fluoroscopic control or identified any other complication, thus should not be used routinely.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Catheterization, Central Venous/methods ; Central Venous Catheters ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Interventional
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-04
    Publishing country Portugal
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2184-9927
    ISSN 2184-9927
    DOI 10.48729/pjctvs.222
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  8. Article ; Online: Geographic patterns and hotspots of pediatric tuberculosis: the role of socioeconomic determinants.

    Dias, Sara / Castro, Sofia / Ribeiro, Ana Isabel / Krainski, Elias T / Duarte, Raquel

    Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia

    2023  Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) e20230004

    Abstract: Objective: Children are an important demographic group for understanding overall tuberculosis epidemiology, and monitoring of childhood tuberculosis is essential for appropriate prevention. The present study sought to characterize the spatial ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Children are an important demographic group for understanding overall tuberculosis epidemiology, and monitoring of childhood tuberculosis is essential for appropriate prevention. The present study sought to characterize the spatial distribution of childhood tuberculosis notification rates in continental Portugal; identify high-risk areas; and evaluate the association between childhood tuberculosis notification rates and socioeconomic deprivation.
    Methods: Using hierarchical Bayesian spatial models, we analyzed the geographic distribution of pediatric tuberculosis notification rates across 278 municipalities between 2016 and 2020 and determined high-risk and low-risk areas. We used the Portuguese version of the European Deprivation Index to estimate the association between childhood tuberculosis and area-level socioeconomic deprivation.
    Results: Notification rates ranged from 1.8 to 13.15 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age. We identified seven high-risk areas, the relative risk of which was significantly above the study area average. All seven high-risk areas were located in the metropolitan area of Porto or Lisbon. There was a significant relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and pediatric tuberculosis notification rates (relative risk = 1.16; Bayesian credible interval, 1.05-1.29).
    Conclusions: Identified high-risk and socioeconomically deprived areas should constitute target areas for tuberculosis control, and these data should be integrated with other risk factors to define more precise criteria for BCG vaccination.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Bayes Theorem ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Portugal/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language Portuguese
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country Brazil
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2223157-2
    ISSN 1806-3756 ; 1806-3713
    ISSN (online) 1806-3756
    ISSN 1806-3713
    DOI 10.36416/1806-3756/e20230004
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  9. Article: SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the second-third wave and its comparison with data of first wave of pandemic.

    Algaba, Alicia / Guerra, Iván / Castro, Sofía / Bermejo, Fernando

    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia

    2021  Volume 45, Issue 7, Page(s) 572–573

    Title translation Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en la segunda y tercera ola y su comparación con los datos de la primera ola.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country Spain
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 632502-6
    ISSN 0210-5705
    ISSN 0210-5705
    DOI 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2021.11.001
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    Zs.A 2044: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in adults with Down's syndrome.

    Escribano Lopez, Patricia / Porto Castro, Sofia / Garrido Ceca, Guadalupe

    International ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 42, Issue 10, Page(s) 2997–3004

    Abstract: Purpose: To describe the cataract surgery outcomes in 34 adult patients with Down's syndrome in our center between 1996 and 2019.: Setting: Clinical practice, tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain.: Design: Retrospective, descriptive study in which ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To describe the cataract surgery outcomes in 34 adult patients with Down's syndrome in our center between 1996 and 2019.
    Setting: Clinical practice, tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain.
    Design: Retrospective, descriptive study in which 34 patients with Down's syndrome who underwent cataract surgery in our center between 1996 and 2019 were included.
    Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical data such as the type of cataract, the keratometry and biometry, the type of surgery, the IOL material, and the complications before and after surgery were recovered.
    Results: Fifty-four eyes of 34 patients (23 female, 11 male, mean age 49 ± 8 years) underwent cataract surgery with general anesthesia. Immediately sequential, bilateral cataract surgery was performed in 18 patients (90% of bilateral cases). White cataract was found in 11 eyes (20.4%). Phacoemulsification technique was used in 51 eyes, extracapsular technique in 2 eyes (3.7%), and intracapsular technique in 1 eye (1.85%) (the only aphakic eye after surgery). The mean Km was 48.73 ± 4D, and the mean axial length was 25.2 ± 2.5 mm. The most frequent ocular comorbidity was myopia (27 eyes, 50%) followed by strabismus (11 eyes, 20.4%) and keratoconus (10 eyes, 18.5%). Posterior capsular rupture as a complication during surgery was found in 3 eyes (5.5%). The mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.8 ± 0.2 logMAR, and the mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.5 ± 0.18 logMAR.
    Conclusions: Phacoemulsification technique can be performed in adults with Down's syndrome with an acceptable rate of complications. The lack of patient cooperation, the ocular comorbidities and the challenging biometric estimation must be considered in surgical planning. It seems reasonable to perform immediately sequential, bilateral cataract surgery when possible, in order to reduce the exposure to general anesthesia.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cataract/complications ; Cataract Extraction/adverse effects ; Cataract Extraction/methods ; Cornea ; Down Syndrome/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification/methods ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800087-6
    ISSN 1573-2630 ; 0165-5701
    ISSN (online) 1573-2630
    ISSN 0165-5701
    DOI 10.1007/s10792-022-02285-7
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