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  1. Article: Large Eddy Simulation of wind turbine fatigue loading and yaw dynamics induced by wake turbulence

    Chanprasert, W. / Sharma, R.N. / Cater, J.E. / Norris, S.E.

    Renewable energy. 2022 Mar. 16,

    2022  

    Abstract: A coupled Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and aeroelastic code was used to evaluate control responses and fatigue loading of a four-inline wind turbine array. Neutral and unstably stratified atmospheric boundary layers with hub-height wind speeds of 7 and 15  ...

    Abstract A coupled Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and aeroelastic code was used to evaluate control responses and fatigue loading of a four-inline wind turbine array. Neutral and unstably stratified atmospheric boundary layers with hub-height wind speeds of 7 and 15 m/s were used for wind farm inflows. These cases operate in different control regions. It was found that for both incoming wind speeds, atmospheric stability has no significant impact on the fatigue loads of the front-row wind turbines. However, stability affected wake characteristics which caused differences in control response and fatigue experienced by downstream turbines. The most distinctive difference was observed at a downstream turbine in the above-rated condition where the shaft torsional load in neutral stability condition was up to 50% higher than the unstable case. A baseline active yaw controller was implemented in the below-rated condition, which caused higher fatigue on turbines in the wake compared to the fixed yaw turbine case, without any power output gain.
    Keywords turbulent flow ; wind farms ; wind turbines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0316
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2001449-1
    ISSN 1879-0682 ; 0960-1481
    ISSN (online) 1879-0682
    ISSN 0960-1481
    DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.097
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  2. Article ; Online: Modelling uptake and transport of therapeutic agents through the lymphatic system.

    Jayathungage Don, T D / Suresh, V / Cater, J E / Clarke, R J

    Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering

    2021  Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 861–874

    Abstract: The ability of the lymphatic network to absorb large molecules and bypass the first-pass liver metabolism makes it appealing as a delivery system for therapeutic substances. In most cases, the drug is injected into the subcutaneous tissue and must ... ...

    Abstract The ability of the lymphatic network to absorb large molecules and bypass the first-pass liver metabolism makes it appealing as a delivery system for therapeutic substances. In most cases, the drug is injected into the subcutaneous tissue and must negotiate the tissue space, before being drained via the lymphatics. Tracking the transport of drug molecules through this route is challenging, and computational models of lymphatic drainage can play an important role in assessing the efficacy of a proposed delivery strategy. The three-dimensional computational model we present here of the peripheral lymphatic network and surrounding interstitium is informed by anatomical data, and quantifies the degree to which uptake and transit times are affected by drug particle size, physiological flow rates, and specifics of drug injection.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Transport ; Lymphatic System/metabolism ; Lymphatic Vessels
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2071764-7
    ISSN 1476-8259 ; 1025-5842
    ISSN (online) 1476-8259
    ISSN 1025-5842
    DOI 10.1080/10255842.2021.1984434
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  3. Article: A boundary-integral representation for biphasic mixture theory, with application to the post-capillary glycocalyx.

    Sumets, P P / Cater, J E / Long, D S / Clarke, R J

    Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

    2015  Volume 471, Issue 2179, Page(s) 20140955

    Abstract: We describe a new boundary-integral representation for biphasic mixture theory, which allows us to efficiently solve certain elastohydrodynamic-mobility problems using boundary element methods. We apply this formulation to model the motion of a rigid ... ...

    Abstract We describe a new boundary-integral representation for biphasic mixture theory, which allows us to efficiently solve certain elastohydrodynamic-mobility problems using boundary element methods. We apply this formulation to model the motion of a rigid particle through a microtube which has non-uniform wall shape, is filled with a viscous Newtonian fluid, and is lined with a thin poroelastic layer. This is relevant to scenarios such as the transport of small rigid cells (such as neutrophils) through microvessels that are lined with an endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL). In this context, we examine the impact of geometry upon some recently reported phenomena, including the creation of viscous eddies, fluid flux into the EGL, as well as the role of the EGL in transmitting mechanical signals to the underlying endothelial cells.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209241-4
    ISSN 1471-2946 ; 1364-5021 ; 0962-8444 ; 0080-4630 ; 0950-1207
    ISSN (online) 1471-2946
    ISSN 1364-5021 ; 0962-8444 ; 0080-4630 ; 0950-1207
    DOI 10.1098/rspa.2014.0955
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  4. Article: Development of an in situ procedure to evaluate the reticulo-rumen morphology of sheep selected for divergent methane emissions

    Waite, S. J / Bain, W. E / Cater, J. E / McEwan, J. C / Suresh, V / Waghorn, G. C / Zhang, J

    Animal. 2019 Mar., v. 13, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: Published studies have shown that methane yield (g CH4/kg dry matter) from sheep is positively correlated with the size (volume and surface area) of the reticulo-rumen (RR) and the weight of its contents. However, the relationship between CH4 yield and ... ...

    Abstract Published studies have shown that methane yield (g CH4/kg dry matter) from sheep is positively correlated with the size (volume and surface area) of the reticulo-rumen (RR) and the weight of its contents. However, the relationship between CH4 yield and RR shape has not been investigated. In this work, shape analysis has been performed on a data set of computerised tomography (CT) scans of the RR from sheep having high and low CH4 yields (n=20 and n=17, respectively). The three-dimensional geometries of the RRs were reconstructed from segmented scan data and split into three anatomical regions. An iterative fitting technique combining radial basis functions and principal component (PC) fitting was used to create a set of consistent landmarks which were then used as variables in a PC analysis to identify shape variation within the data. Significant size differences were detected for regions corresponding to the dorsal and ventral compartments between sheep with high and low CH4 yields. When the analysis was repeated after scaling the geometries to remove the effect of size, there was no significant shape variation correlating with CH4 yield. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of CT-based computational shape determination for studying the morphological characteristics of the RR and indicate that size, but not shape correlates with CH4 yield in sheep.
    Keywords computed tomography ; data collection ; geometry ; methane ; methane production ; sheep ; surface area
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-03
    Size p. 542-548.
    Publishing place Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2257920-5
    ISSN 1751-732X ; 1751-7311
    ISSN (online) 1751-732X
    ISSN 1751-7311
    DOI 10.1017/S1751731118001854
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7718: Show issues

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  5. Article ; Online: Development of an in situ procedure to evaluate the reticulo-rumen morphology of sheep selected for divergent methane emissions.

    Waite, S J / Zhang, J / Cater, J E / Waghorn, G C / Bain, W E / McEwan, J C / Suresh, V

    Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience

    2018  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 542–548

    Abstract: Published studies have shown that methane yield (g CH4/kg dry matter) from sheep is positively correlated with the size (volume and surface area) of the reticulo-rumen (RR) and the weight of its contents. However, the relationship between CH4 yield and ... ...

    Abstract Published studies have shown that methane yield (g CH4/kg dry matter) from sheep is positively correlated with the size (volume and surface area) of the reticulo-rumen (RR) and the weight of its contents. However, the relationship between CH4 yield and RR shape has not been investigated. In this work, shape analysis has been performed on a data set of computerised tomography (CT) scans of the RR from sheep having high and low CH4 yields (n=20 and n=17, respectively). The three-dimensional geometries of the RRs were reconstructed from segmented scan data and split into three anatomical regions. An iterative fitting technique combining radial basis functions and principal component (PC) fitting was used to create a set of consistent landmarks which were then used as variables in a PC analysis to identify shape variation within the data. Significant size differences were detected for regions corresponding to the dorsal and ventral compartments between sheep with high and low CH4 yields. When the analysis was repeated after scaling the geometries to remove the effect of size, there was no significant shape variation correlating with CH4 yield. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of CT-based computational shape determination for studying the morphological characteristics of the RR and indicate that size, but not shape correlates with CH4 yield in sheep.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; Diet/veterinary ; Female ; Methane/metabolism ; Rumen/anatomy & histology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sheep, Domestic/anatomy & histology
    Chemical Substances Methane (OP0UW79H66)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2257920-5
    ISSN 1751-732X ; 1751-7311
    ISSN (online) 1751-732X
    ISSN 1751-7311
    DOI 10.1017/S1751731118001854
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  6. Article ; Online: Carbon dioxide insufflation deflects airborne particles from an open surgical wound model.

    Kokhanenko, P / Papotti, G / Cater, J E / Lynch, A C / van der Linden, J A / Spence, C J T

    The Journal of hospital infection

    2017  Volume 95, Issue 1, Page(s) 112–117

    Abstract: Background: Surgical site infections remain a significant burden on healthcare systems and may benefit from new countermeasures.: Aim: To assess the merits of open surgical wound CO: Methods: An experimental approach with engineers and clinical ... ...

    Abstract Background: Surgical site infections remain a significant burden on healthcare systems and may benefit from new countermeasures.
    Aim: To assess the merits of open surgical wound CO
    Methods: An experimental approach with engineers and clinical researchers was employed to measure the gas flow pattern and motion of airborne particles in a model of an open surgical wound in a simulated theatre setting. Laser-illuminated flow visualizations were performed and the degree of protection was quantified by collecting and characterizing particles deposited in and outside the wound cavity.
    Findings: The average number of particles entering the wound with a diameter of <5μm was reduced 1000-fold with 10L/min CO
    Conclusion: Airborne particles were deflected from entering the wound by the CO
    MeSH term(s) Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 779366-2
    ISSN 1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
    ISSN (online) 1532-2939
    ISSN 0195-6701
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.11.006
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1586: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  7. Article ; Online: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of CO2 Distribution in the Upper Airways During Nasal High Flow Therapy.

    Van Hove, S C / Storey, J / Adams, C / Dey, K / Geoghegan, P H / Kabaliuk, N / Oldfield, S D / Spence, C J T / Jermy, M C / Suresh, V / Cater, J E

    Annals of biomedical engineering

    2016  Volume 44, Issue 10, Page(s) 3007–3019

    Abstract: Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy is used to treat a variety of respiratory disorders to improve patient oxygenation. A CO2 washout mechanism is believed to be responsible for the observed increase in oxygenation. In this study, experimentally validated ... ...

    Abstract Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy is used to treat a variety of respiratory disorders to improve patient oxygenation. A CO2 washout mechanism is believed to be responsible for the observed increase in oxygenation. In this study, experimentally validated Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of the CO2 concentration within the upper airway during unassisted and NHF assisted breathing were undertaken with the aim of exploring the existence of this washout mechanism. An anatomically accurate nasal cavity model was generated from a CT scan and breathing was reproduced using a Fourier decomposition of a physiologically measured breath waveform. Time dependent CO2 profiles were obtained at the entrance of the trachea in the experimental model, and were used as simulation boundary conditions. Flow recirculation features were observed in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity upon application of the therapy. This causes the CO2 rich gas to vent from the nostrils reducing the CO2 concentration in the dead space and lowering the inspired CO2 volume. Increasing therapy flow rate increases the penetration depth within the nasal cavity of the low CO2 concentration gas. A 65% decrease in inspired CO2 was observed for therapy flow rates ranging from 0 to 60 L min(-1) supporting the washout mechanism theory.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nasal Cavity/metabolism ; Nasal Cavity/physiopathology ; Trachea/metabolism ; Trachea/physiopathology
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185984-5
    ISSN 1573-9686 ; 0191-5649 ; 0090-6964
    ISSN (online) 1573-9686
    ISSN 0191-5649 ; 0090-6964
    DOI 10.1007/s10439-016-1604-8
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    Zs.A 1018: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: The small non-structural protein NS2 of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice is required for virus growth in murine cells.

    Cater, J E / Pintel, D J

    The Journal of general virology

    1992  Volume 73 Pt 7, Page(s) 1839–1843

    Abstract: Mutants of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) strains MVM(p) and MVM(i) that either fail to produce or produce a truncated NS2 protein, were deficient in the production of infectious virus and attained lower levels of viral DNA ... ...

    Abstract Mutants of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) strains MVM(p) and MVM(i) that either fail to produce or produce a truncated NS2 protein, were deficient in the production of infectious virus and attained lower levels of viral DNA synthesis than wild-type virus following infection of a series of normal and transformed murine cell lines. Mutant virus growth and the levels of DNA replication were similar to those of wild-type virus in the rat, hamster and human lines tested. These results suggest that the requirement of NS2 for the growth of MVM is murine species-specific.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Capsid/genetics ; Capsid/physiology ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication ; Mice ; Minute Virus of Mice/growth & development ; Mutation ; Viral Core Proteins/genetics ; Viral Core Proteins/physiology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances Viral Core Proteins ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/0022-1317-73-7-1839
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    Zs.A 610: Show issues Location:
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