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Article ; Online: Flavor decomposition of the elastic nucleon electromagnetic form factors.

Cates, G D / de Jager, C W / Riordan, S / Wojtsekhowski, B

2011 Volume 106, Issue 25, Page(s) 252003

Abstract: The u- and d-quark contributions to the elastic nucleon electromagnetic form factors have been determined by using experimental data on G(E)(n), G(M)(n), G(E)(p), and G(M)(p). Such a flavor separation of the form factors became possible up to negative ... ...

Abstract	The u- and d-quark contributions to the elastic nucleon electromagnetic form factors have been determined by using experimental data on G(E)(n), G(M)(n), G(E)(p), and G(M)(p). Such a flavor separation of the form factors became possible up to negative four-momentum transfer squared Q(2) = 3.4 GeV(2) with recent data on G(E)(n) from Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For Q(2) above 1 GeV(2), for both the u and the d quark, the ratio of the Pauli and Dirac form factors, F(2)/F(1), was found to be almost constant in sharp contrast to the behavior of F(2)/F(1) for the proton as a whole. Also, again for Q(2)>1 GeV(2), both F(2)(d) and F(1)(d) are roughly proportional to 1/Q(4), whereas the dropoff of F(2)(u) and F(1)(u) is more gradual.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.252003
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Article ; Online: Nucleon form factor studies at JLab.

Giusa, A / Bellini, V / Mammoliti, F / Russo, G / Sperduto, M L / Sutera, C M / Cisbani, E / Garibaldi, F / Urciuoli, G M / Capogni, M / Cates, G D / de Jager, K / Wojtsekhowski, B

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine

2011 Volume 69, Issue 8, Page(s) 1125–1127

Abstract: The ratio of the electromagnetic proton elastic form factors, G(p)(E)/G(p)(M), has been measured at Jefferson Lab up to Q(2) approximately 9(GeV/c)(2), by using the CEBAF 6GeV electron beam, and revealing an unexpected and challenging physical behaviour. ...

Abstract	The ratio of the electromagnetic proton elastic form factors, G(p)(E)/G(p)(M), has been measured at Jefferson Lab up to Q(2) approximately 9(GeV/c)(2), by using the CEBAF 6GeV electron beam, and revealing an unexpected and challenging physical behaviour. The 2014 scheduled 12GeV upgrade will allow the measurement of G(p)(E)/G(p)(M) up to Q(2) approximately 15(GeV/c)(2), by taking advantage of the new large-acceptance forward spectrometer Super BigBite (SBS) in Hall A. Measurements of neutron form factors in the region around 10(GeV/c)(2), where quark confinement plays an important role, are expected to show the behaviour already observed in the proton case.
MeSH term(s)	Electrons ; Elementary Particle Interactions ; Elementary Particles ; Equipment Design ; Neutrons ; Protons ; Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation ; Spectrum Analysis/instrumentation
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1142596-9
ISSN	1872-9800 ; 0883-2889 ; 0969-8043
ISSN (online)	1872-9800
ISSN	0883-2889 ; 0969-8043
DOI	10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.11.009
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Book ; Online: A high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with a frequency-doubled green laser for precision Compton polarimetry at Jefferson Lab

Rakhman, A. / Hafez, M. / Nanda, S. / Benmokhtar, F. / Camsonne, A. / Cates, G. D. / Dalton, M. M. / Franklin, G. B. / Friend, M. / Michaels, R. W. / Nelyubin, V. / Parno, D. S. / Paschke, K. D. / Quinn, B. P. / Souder, P. A. / Tobias, W. A.

2016

Abstract: A high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with a frequency-doubled continuous wave green laser (532~nm) has been built and installed in Hall A of Jefferson Lab for high precision Compton polarimetry. The infrared (1064~nm) beam from a ytterbium-doped fiber ... ...

Abstract	A high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity with a frequency-doubled continuous wave green laser (532~nm) has been built and installed in Hall A of Jefferson Lab for high precision Compton polarimetry. The infrared (1064~nm) beam from a ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a Nd:YAG nonplanar ring oscillator laser is frequency doubled in a single-pass periodically poled MgO:LiNbO$_{3}$ crystal. The maximum achieved green power at 5 W IR pump power is 1.74 W with a total conversion efficiency of 34.8\%. The green beam is injected into the optical resonant cavity and enhanced up to 3.7~kW with a corresponding enhancement of 3800. The polarization transfer function has been measured in order to determine the intra-cavity circular laser polarization within a measurement uncertainty of 0.7\%. The PREx experiment at Jefferson Lab used this system for the first time and achieved 1.0\% precision in polarization measurements of an electron beam with energy and current of 1.0~GeV and 50~$\mu$A. Comment: 20 pages, 22 figures, revised version of arXiv:1601.00251v1, submitted to NIMA
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Nuclear Experiment
Subject code	535 ; 621
Publishing date	2016-01-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: New Measurements of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Scattering over a Range of Spin-0 Nuclei.

Adhikari, D / Albataineh, H / Androic, D / Aniol, K / Armstrong, D S / Averett, T / Ayerbe Gayoso, C / Barcus, S / Bellini, V / Beminiwattha, R S / Benesch, J F / Bhatt, H / Bhatta Pathak, D / Bhetuwal, D / Blaikie, B / Boyd, J / Campagna, Q / Camsonne, A / Cates, G D /

Chen, Y / Clarke, C / Cornejo, J C / Covrig Dusa, S / Dalton, M M / Datta, P / Deshpande, A / Dutta, D / Feldman, C / Fuchey, E / Gal, C / Gaskell, D / Gautam, T / Gericke, M / Ghosh, C / Halilovic, I / Hansen, J-O / Hauenstein, F / Henry, W / Horowitz, C J / Jantzi, C / Jian, S / Johnston, S / Jones, D C / Karki, B / Kakkar, S / Katugampola, S / Keppel, C E / King, P M / King, D E / Knauss, M / Kumar, K S / Kutz, T / Lashley-Colthirst, N / Leverick, G / Liu, H / Liyange, N / Malace, S / Mammei, J / Mammei, R / McCaughan, M / McNulty, D / Meekins, D / Metts, C / Michaels, R / Mihovilovic, M / Mondal, M M / Napolitano, J / Nikolaev, D / Rashad, M N H / Owen, V / Palatchi, C / Pan, J / Pandey, B / Park, S / Paschke, K D / Petrusky, M / Pitt, M L / Premathilake, S / Puckett, A J R / Quinn, B / Radloff, R / Rahman, S / Rathnayake, A / Reed, B T / Reimer, P E / Richards, R / Riordan, S / Roblin, Y / Seeds, S / Shahinyan, A / Souder, P A / Tang, L / Thiel, M / Tian, Y / Urciuoli, G M / Wertz, E W / Wojtsekhowski, B / Xiong, W / Yale, B / Ye, T / Zec, A / Zhang, W / Zhang, J / Zheng, X

Physical review letters

2022 Volume 128, Issue 14, Page(s) 142501

Abstract: We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A_{n}) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off ^{12}C, ^{40}Ca, ^{48}Ca, and ^{208}Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical ... ...

Abstract	We report precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A_{n}) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off ^{12}C, ^{40}Ca, ^{48}Ca, and ^{208}Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of A_{n} for ^{40}Ca and ^{48}Ca are found to be similar to that of ^{12}C, consistent with expectations and thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z≤20. We also report A_{n} for ^{208}Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q^{2}) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all three data points showing significant disagreement with the results from the Z≤20 nuclei. These data confirm our basic understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern A_{n} for nuclei containing ≲50 nucleons, but point to the need for further investigation to understand the unusual A_{n} behavior discovered for scattering off ^{208}Pb.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.142501
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Article ; Online: Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of ^{48}Ca.

Adhikari, D / Albataineh, H / Androic, D / Aniol, K A / Armstrong, D S / Averett, T / Ayerbe Gayoso, C / Barcus, S K / Bellini, V / Beminiwattha, R S / Benesch, J F / Bhatt, H / Bhatta Pathak, D / Bhetuwal, D / Blaikie, B / Boyd, J / Campagna, Q / Camsonne, A / Cates, G D /

Chen, Y / Clarke, C / Cornejo, J C / Covrig Dusa, S / Dalton, M M / Datta, P / Deshpande, A / Dutta, D / Feldman, C / Fuchey, E / Gal, C / Gaskell, D / Gautam, T / Gericke, M / Ghosh, C / Halilovic, I / Hansen, J-O / Hassan, O / Hauenstein, F / Henry, W / Horowitz, C J / Jantzi, C / Jian, S / Johnston, S / Jones, D C / Kakkar, S / Katugampola, S / Keppel, C / King, P M / King, D E / Kumar, K S / Kutz, T / Lashley-Colthirst, N / Leverick, G / Liu, H / Liyanage, N / Mammei, J / Mammei, R / McCaughan, M / McNulty, D / Meekins, D / Metts, C / Michaels, R / Mihovilovic, M / Mondal, M M / Napolitano, J / Narayan, A / Nikolaev, D / Owen, V / Palatchi, C / Pan, J / Pandey, B / Park, S / Paschke, K D / Petrusky, M / Pitt, M L / Premathilake, S / Quinn, B / Radloff, R / Rahman, S / Rashad, M N H / Rathnayake, A / Reed, B T / Reimer, P E / Richards, R / Riordan, S / Roblin, Y R / Seeds, S / Shahinyan, A / Souder, P / Thiel, M / Tian, Y / Urciuoli, G M / Wertz, E W / Wojtsekhowski, B / Yale, B / Ye, T / Yoon, A / Xiong, W / Zec, A / Zhang, W / Zhang, J / Zheng, X

Physical review letters

2022 Volume 129, Issue 4, Page(s) 42501

Abstract: We report a precise measurement of the parity-violating (PV) asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{48}Ca. We measure A_{PV}=2668±106(stat)±40(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the ... ...

Abstract	We report a precise measurement of the parity-violating (PV) asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{48}Ca. We measure A_{PV}=2668±106(stat)±40(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor F_{W}(q=0.8733 fm^{-1})=0.1304±0.0052(stat)±0.0020(syst) and the charge minus the weak form factor F_{ch}-F_{W}=0.0277±0.0055. The resulting neutron skin thickness R_{n}-R_{p}=0.121±0.026(exp)±0.024(model) fm is relatively thin yet consistent with many model calculations. The combined CREX and PREX results will have implications for future energy density functional calculations and on the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.042501
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Article ; Online: Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{208}Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering.

Clarke, C / Cornejo, J C / Covrig Dusa, S / Datta, P / Deshpande, A / Dutta, D / Feldman, C / Fuchey, E / Gal, C / Gaskell, D / Gautam, T / Gericke, M / Ghosh, C / Halilovic, I / Hansen, J-O / Hauenstein, F / Henry, W / Horowitz, C J / Jantzi, C / Jian, S / Johnston, S / Jones, D C / Karki, B / Katugampola, S / Keppel, C / King, P M / King, D E / Knauss, M / Kumar, K S / Kutz, T / Lashley-Colthirst, N / Leverick, G / Liu, H / Liyange, N / Malace, S / Mammei, R / Mammei, J / McCaughan, M / McNulty, D / Meekins, D / Metts, C / Michaels, R / Mondal, M M / Napolitano, J / Narayan, A / Nikolaev, D / Rashad, M N H / Owen, V / Palatchi, C / Pan, J / Pandey, B / Park, S / Paschke, K D / Petrusky, M / Pitt, M L / Premathilake, S / Puckett, A J R / Quinn, B / Radloff, R / Rahman, S / Rathnayake, A / Reed, B T / Reimer, P E / Richards, R / Riordan, S / Roblin, Y / Seeds, S / Shahinyan, A / Souder, P / Tang, L / Thiel, M / Tian, Y / Urciuoli, G M / Wertz, E W / Wojtsekhowski, B / Yale, B / Ye, T / Yoon, A / Zec, A / Zhang, W / Zhang, J / Zheng, X

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 126, Issue 17, Page(s) 172502

Abstract: We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{208}Pb. We measure A_{PV}=550±16(stat)±8(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral ... ...

Abstract	We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{208}Pb. We measure A_{PV}=550±16(stat)±8(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor F_{W}(Q^{2}=0.00616 GeV^{2})=0.368±0.013. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is R_{n}-R_{p}=0.283±0.071 fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of ^{208}Pb: ρ_{W}^{0}=-0.0796±0.0036(exp)±0.0013(theo) fm^{-3} leading to the interior baryon density ρ_{b}^{0}=0.1480±0.0036(exp)±0.0013(theo) fm^{-3}. The measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.172502
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Article: MR grid-tagging using hyperpolarized helium-3 for regional quantitative assessment of pulmonary biomechanics and ventilation.

Cai, J / Altes, T A / Miller, G W / Sheng, K / Read, P W / Mata, J F / Zhong, X / Cates, G D / de Lange, E E / Mugler, J P / Brookeman, J R

Magnetic resonance in medicine

2007 Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 373–380

Abstract: A new technique is demonstrated in six healthy human subjects that combines grid-tagging and hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI to assess regional lung biomechanical function and quantitative ventilation. 2D grid-tagging, achieved by applying sinc-modulated RF- ... ...

Abstract	A new technique is demonstrated in six healthy human subjects that combines grid-tagging and hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI to assess regional lung biomechanical function and quantitative ventilation. 2D grid-tagging, achieved by applying sinc-modulated RF-pulse trains along the frequency- and phase-encoding directions, was followed by a multislice fast low-angle shot (FLASH)-based acquisition at inspiration and expiration. The displacement vectors, first and second principal strains, and quantitative ventilation were computed, and mean values were calculated for the upper, middle, and lower lung regions. Displacements in the lower region were significantly greater than those in either the middle or upper region (P < 0.005), while there were no significant differences between the three regions for the two principal strains and quantitative ventilation (P = 0.11-0.92). Variations in principal strains and ventilation were greater between subjects than between lung zones within individual subjects. This technique has the potential to provide insight into regional biomechanical alterations of lung function in a variety of lung diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Algorithms ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Helium ; Humans ; Isotopes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory Mechanics
Chemical Substances	Isotopes ; Helium (206GF3GB41)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605774-3
ISSN	1522-2594 ; 0740-3194
ISSN (online)	1522-2594
ISSN	0740-3194
DOI	10.1002/mrm.21288
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Article: Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129Xe.

Albert, M S / Cates, G D / Driehuys, B / Happer, W / Saam, B / Springer, C S / Wishnia, A

Nature

1994 Volume 370, Issue 6486, Page(s) 199–201

Abstract: As currently implemented, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relies on the protons of water molecules in tissue to provide the NMR signal. Protons are, however, notoriously difficult to image in some biological environments of interest, notably the lungs ... ...

Abstract	As currently implemented, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relies on the protons of water molecules in tissue to provide the NMR signal. Protons are, however, notoriously difficult to image in some biological environments of interest, notably the lungs and lipid bilayer membranes such as those in the brain. Here we show that 129Xe gas can be used for high-resolution MRI when the nuclear-spin polarization of the atoms is increased by laser optical pumping and spin exchange. This process produces hyperpolarized 129Xe, in which the magnetization is enhanced by a factor of about 10(5). By introducing hyperpolarized 129Xe into mouse lungs we have obtained images of the lung gas space with a speed and a resolution better than those available from proton MRI or emission tomography. As xenon (a safe general anaesthetic) is rapidly and safely transferred from the lungs to blood and thence to other tissues, where it is concentrated in lipid and protein components, images of the circulatory system, the brain and other vital organs can also be obtained. Because the magnetic behaviour of 129Xe is very sensitive to its environment, and is different from that of 1H2O, MRI using hyperpolarized 129Xe should involve distinct and sensitive mechanisms for tissue contrast.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lasers ; Lung/anatomy & histology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Mice ; Water ; Xenon Isotopes
Chemical Substances	Xenon Isotopes ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-07-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/370199a0
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Article: Lung air spaces: MR imaging evaluation with hyperpolarized 3He gas.

de Lange, E E / Mugler, J P / Brookeman, J R / Knight-Scott, J / Truwit, J D / Teates, C D / Daniel, T M / Bogorad, P L / Cates, G D

Radiology

1999 Volume 210, Issue 3, Page(s) 851–857

Abstract: Thirty-two magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the lungs were performed in 16 subjects after inhalation of 1-2 L of helium 3 gas that was laser polarized to 10%-25%. The distribution of the gas was generally uniform, with visualization of the ... ...

Abstract	Thirty-two magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the lungs were performed in 16 subjects after inhalation of 1-2 L of helium 3 gas that was laser polarized to 10%-25%. The distribution of the gas was generally uniform, with visualization of the fissures in most cases. Ventilation defects were demonstrated in smokers and in a subject with allergies. The technique has potential for evaluating small airways disease.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma/pathology ; Female ; Helium/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Isotopes ; Lasers ; Lung/pathology ; Lung/physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observer Variation ; Oxygen/blood ; Pulmonary Emphysema/pathology ; Respiration ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/pathology ; Smoking/pathology
Chemical Substances	Isotopes ; Helium (206GF3GB41) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiology.210.3.r99fe08851
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Article: Human lung air spaces: potential for MR imaging with hyperpolarized He-3.

MacFall, J R / Charles, H C / Black, R D / Middleton, H / Swartz, J C / Saam, B / Driehuys, B / Erickson, C / Happer, W / Cates, G D / Johnson, G A / Ravin, C E

Radiology

1996 Volume 200, Issue 2, Page(s) 553–558

Abstract: Two healthy volunteers who had inhaled approximately 0.75 L of laser-polarized helium-3 gas underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T with fast gradient-echo pulse sequences and small flip angles ( < 10 degrees). Thick-section (20 mm) coronal images, ...

Abstract	Two healthy volunteers who had inhaled approximately 0.75 L of laser-polarized helium-3 gas underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T with fast gradient-echo pulse sequences and small flip angles ( < 10 degrees). Thick-section (20 mm) coronal images, time-course data (30 images collected every 1.8 seconds), and thin-section (6 mm) images were acquired. Subjects were able to breathe the gas (12% polarization) without difficulty. Thick-section images were of good quality and had a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 32:1 near the surface coil and 16:1 farther away. The time images showed regional differences, which indicated potential value for quantitation. High-resolution images showed greater detail and a S/N of approximately 6:1.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Helium ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/methods ; Isotopes ; Lung/anatomy & histology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Isotopes ; Helium (206GF3GB41)
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiology.200.2.8685356
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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