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Article: Clinical nutrition and the role of hospital pharmacist in the management of covid patient

Villarini, Anna / Antonini, Marina / Teseo, Giulia / Ricci, Diletta / Cavaliere, Arturo / Peverini, Manola

European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2022 Apr., v. 48

2022

Abstract: The nutritional status of everyone represents a fundamental element to maintain a good health and it can be related to infectious agents in some disorders. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition should be included in the management of SARS- ... ...

Abstract	The nutritional status of everyone represents a fundamental element to maintain a good health and it can be related to infectious agents in some disorders. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition should be included in the management of SARS-CoV-2 patients in order to improve both short- and long-term prognosis. In Covid patients the choice of route of administration for nutrition is closely related to respiratory autonomy. In subjects who are not mechanically ventilated or with non-invasive ventilation (NIV), spontaneous oral feeding is strongly indicated, while considering the patient's comorbidity, chewing ability and swallowing. If this is not possible or if it is not possible to meet the appropriate nutritional needs, it is necessary to resort to artificial nutrition (enteral or parenteral). Enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred to parenteral nutrition (PN) because it allows to maintain the trophism of the gastrointestinal tract, involving a lower risk of infectious complications and it is easier to manage. PN is usually used in patients in whom NE is not feasible, insufficient or contraindicated, or in patients with invasive total mechanical ventilation. Based on these considerations, it would be necessary to develop a targeted nutritional pathway in order to support the management of Covid patients. In the nutritional management of these patients, the role of the hospital pharmacists is fundamental. They collaborate with clinicians, nutritionist, dieticians and speech therapists to choose the most appropriate nutrition, based on the clinical characteristics of the patient and on the availability of nutritional formulations in the therapeutic guide.
Keywords	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; clinical nutrition ; comorbidity ; digestive tract ; enteral feeding ; hospitals ; malnutrition ; nutritional status ; parenteral feeding ; patients ; prognosis ; risk ; speech
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 17-20.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	2405-4577
DOI	10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Clinical nutrition and the role of hospital pharmacist in the management of covid patient.

Villarini, Anna / Antonini, Marina / Teseo, Giulia / Ricci, Diletta / Cavaliere, Arturo / Peverini, Manola

Clinical nutrition ESPEN

2022 Volume 48, Page(s) 17–20

Abstract	The nutritional status of everyone represents a fundamental element to maintain a good health and it can be related to infectious agents in some disorders. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition should be included in the management of SARS-CoV-2 patients in order to improve both short- and long-term prognosis. In Covid patients the choice of route of administration for nutrition is closely related to respiratory autonomy. In subjects who are not mechanically ventilated or with non-invasive ventilation (NIV), spontaneous oral feeding is strongly indicated, while considering the patient's comorbidity, chewing ability and swallowing. If this is not possible or if it is not possible to meet the appropriate nutritional needs, it is necessary to resort to artificial nutrition (enteral or parenteral). Enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred to parenteral nutrition (PN) because it allows to maintain the trophism of the gastrointestinal tract, involving a lower risk of infectious complications and it is easier to manage. PN is usually used in patients in whom NE is not feasible, insufficient or contraindicated, or in patients with invasive total mechanical ventilation. Based on these considerations, it would be necessary to develop a targeted nutritional pathway in order to support the management of Covid patients. In the nutritional management of these patients, the role of the hospital pharmacists is fundamental. They collaborate with clinicians, nutritionist, dieticians and speech therapists to choose the most appropriate nutrition, based on the clinical characteristics of the patient and on the availability of nutritional formulations in the therapeutic guide.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/therapy ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pharmacists ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2405-4577
ISSN (online)	2405-4577
DOI	10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.011
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Article ; Online: Clinical and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children aged 0-5 years in Italy.

Dovizio, Melania / Veronesi, Chiara / Bartolini, Fausto / Cavaliere, Arturo / Grego, Stefano / Pagliaro, Romina / Procacci, Cataldo / Ubertazzo, Loredana / Bertizzolo, Lorenzo / Muzii, Barbara / Parisi, Salvatore / Perrone, Valentina / Baraldi, Eugenio / Bozzola, Elena / Mosca, Fabio / Esposti, Luca Degli

Italian journal of pediatrics

2024 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 57

Abstract: Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the leading causes of hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children younger than 5 years worldwide and the second cause of infant death after malaria. RSV infection ... ...

Abstract	Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the leading causes of hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children younger than 5 years worldwide and the second cause of infant death after malaria. RSV infection occurs in almost all the infants before the second year of life with variable clinical severity, often requiring medical assistance. This analysis investigated patients aged 0-5 years with RSV infection focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, and economic burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations in a setting of Italian real clinical practice. Methods: An observational retrospective analysis was conducted on administrative databases of healthcare entities covering around 2.6 million residents of whom 120,000 health-assisted infants aged < 5 years. From 2010 to 2018, pediatric patients were included in the presence of hospitalization discharge diagnosis for RSV infections, and RSV-related acute bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Epidemiology, demographics, clinical picture and costs were evaluated in RSV-infected patients, overall and stratified by age ranges (0-1, 1-2, 2-5 years) and compared with an age-matched general population. Results: Overall 1378 RSV-infected children aged 0-5 years were included. Among them, the annual incidence rate of RSV-related hospitalizations was 175-195/100,000 people, with a peak in neonates aged < 1 year (689-806/100,000). While nearly 85% of infected infants were healthy, the remaining 15% presented previous hospitalization for known RSV risk factors, like preterm birth, or congenital heart, lung, and immune diseases. The economic analysis revealed that direct healthcare costs per patient/year were markedly higher in RSV patients than in the general population (3605€ vs 344€). Conclusions: These findings derived from the real clinical practice in Italy confirmed that RSV has an important epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden among children aged 0-5 years. While the complex management of at-risk infants was confirmed, our data also highlighted the significant impact of RSV infection in infants born at term or otherwise healthy, demonstrating that all infants need protection against RSV disease, reducing then the risk of medium and long-term complications, such as wheezing and asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Financial Stress ; Premature Birth ; Hospitalization ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2088556-8
ISSN	1824-7288 ; 1720-8424
ISSN (online)	1824-7288
ISSN	1720-8424
DOI	10.1186/s13052-024-01628-7
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Article: Real-Life Analysis with Erenumab: First Target Therapy in the Episodic and Chronic Migraine's Prophylaxis.

Maraia, Zaira / Ricci, Diletta / Rocchi, Marco Bruno Luigi / Moretti, Alessandro / Bufarini, Celestino / Cavaliere, Arturo / Peverini, Manola

Journal of clinical medicine

2021 Volume 10, Issue 19

Abstract: Background: to research retrospectively the efficacy of Erenumab's treatment, thus allowing to describe a summary more in line with the reality observed every day in clinical practice, relative to a sample of patients widely heterogeneous. The study ... ...

Abstract	Background: to research retrospectively the efficacy of Erenumab's treatment, thus allowing to describe a summary more in line with the reality observed every day in clinical practice, relative to a sample of patients widely heterogeneous. The study aims to confirm the efficacy of Erenumab, in terms of reduction of migraine days per month, from baseline to month 12 of treatment. Additional objectives included a reduction in the number of days of symptomatic drug use and change from baseline in the Migraine Disability Assessment Score Questionnaire (MIDAS); Methods: the analysis included all patients treated for 12 months with Erenumab during the year 2019-2020. The population analyzed consists of twenty-six patients from the Neurology outpatient clinic in Fossombrone. Several quantitative and qualitative variables were recorded by reading the medical records of the patients. The MIDAS was administered to patients to assess the disability related to migraine; Results: at the end of treatment, a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of monthly migraine days, acute medication use per month, and MIDAS questionnaire score was observed; Conclusions: as a preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine, our analysis data confirm the efficacy of Erenumab for the prevention of the migraine. The success is achieved in 96% of cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm10194425
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Article ; Online: Plasma total antioxidant capacity and peroxidation biomarkers in psoriasis.

Peluso, Ilaria / Cavaliere, Arturo / Palmery, Maura

Journal of biomedical science

2016 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 52

Abstract: Systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress can be relevant for assessment of psoriasis severity, for prediction of the outcome of therapy and of the development of comorbidities. In this review we aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma total ... ...

Abstract	Systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress can be relevant for assessment of psoriasis severity, for prediction of the outcome of therapy and of the development of comorbidities. In this review we aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and peroxidation biomarkers, as well as their association with dyslipidemia and systemic inflammation in psoriasis. The review of 59 case-control comparisons (from 41 studies) and 17 interventions (from 13 studies) suggests that peroxidation markers are more sensitive than TAC in the evaluation of oxidative stress in psoriasis. Although few studies investigated the effect of treatment on oxidative stress, it seems that biological drugs could be the better choice in the treatment of psoriasis. However, considering the limitations of TAC and plasma peroxidation markers, this review suggests that new methods should be developed in order to evaluate systemic oxidative stress in psoriasis.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/metabolism ; Biomarkers/blood ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Psoriasis/blood
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1193378-1
ISSN	1423-0127 ; 1021-7770
ISSN (online)	1423-0127
ISSN	1021-7770
DOI	10.1186/s12929-016-0268-x
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Article: Transperineal Laser Ablation for Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Pilot Studies.

Tafuri, Alessandro / Panunzio, Andrea / De Carlo, Francesco / Luperto, Elia / Di Cosmo, Federica / Cavaliere, Arturo / Rizzo, Mino / Tian, Zhe / Shakir, Aliasger / De Mitri, Rita / Porcaro, Antonio Benito / Cerruto, Maria Angela / Antonelli, Alessandro / Cormio, Luigi / Carrieri, Giuseppe / Karakiewicz, Pierre I / Abreu, Andre Luis / Pagliarulo, Vincenzo

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) of the prostate is a new minimally invasive treatment option in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy ... ...

Abstract	Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) of the prostate is a new minimally invasive treatment option in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of TPLA in the management of BPE. The primary outcomes were the improvement in urodynamic parameters (maximum urinary flow (Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12051860
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Article: Real-World Evaluation of Calcimimetics for the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Chronic Kidney Disease, in an Italian Clinical Setting.

Perrone, Valentina / Dovizio, Melania / Veronesi, Chiara / Andretta, Margherita / Bartolini, Fausto / Cavaliere, Arturo / Ferrante, Fulvio / Lupi, Alessandro / Pagliaro, Romina / Pagnotta, Rita / Palcic, Stefano / Re, Davide / Ubertazzo, Loredana / Vercellone, Adriano / Degli Esposti, Luca

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 4

Abstract: This Italian real-world data analysis evaluated the pharmaco-utilization of calcimimetics, cinacalcet or etelcalcetide, and the economic burden of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. From 1 January 2010 to 30 ... ...

Abstract	This Italian real-world data analysis evaluated the pharmaco-utilization of calcimimetics, cinacalcet or etelcalcetide, and the economic burden of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. From 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2020, adult patients with: (i) ≥1 prescription of etelcalcetide or cinacalcet, (ii) ≥3 hemodialysis/week, and (iii) without parathyroidectomy, were included. Based on the drug firstly prescribed, patients were allocated into etelcalcetide- and cinacalcet-treated cohorts, and the propensity score matching (PSM) methodology was applied to abate potential cohorts’ unbalances. Overall, 1752 cinacalcet- and 527 etelcalcetide-treated patients were enrolled. In cinacalcet- and etelcalcetide-treated patients, respectively, the most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (75.3% and 74.4%), diabetes mellitus (21.0% and 21.3%), and cardiovascular disease (18.1% and 13.3%, p < 0.01). In covariate-balanced cohorts, the treatment adherence and persistence rates were significantly higher in the etelcalcetide-treated (80.1% and 62.7%, respectively) vs. cinacalcet-treated cohort (62.3% and 54.7%, respectively). After PSM, the total costs for the management of cinacalcet- and etelcalcetide-treated patients, respectively, averaged EUR 23,480 and EUR 22,958, with the disease-specific drug costs (EUR 2629 vs. EUR 2355, p < 0.05) and disease-specific hospitalization costs (EUR 1241 vs. EUR 855) in cinacalcet- and etelcalcetide-treated patients. These results showed that, in etelcalcetide-treated patients, a higher treatment adherence and persistence was found, with disease-specific costs savings, especially those related to drugs and hospitalizations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10040709
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Article ; Online: Healthcare Resource Consumption and Related Costs in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapies: Findings from Real-World Data in Italy.

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 5

Abstract: This real-world analysis conducted on administrative databases of a sample of Italian healthcare entities was aimed at describing the role of therapeutic pathways and drug utilization in terms of adherence, persistence, and therapy discontinuation in HIV- ...

Abstract	This real-world analysis conducted on administrative databases of a sample of Italian healthcare entities was aimed at describing the role of therapeutic pathways and drug utilization in terms of adherence, persistence, and therapy discontinuation in HIV-infected patients under antiretroviral therapies (ART) and Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF)-based regimens on healthcare resource consumption and related direct healthcare costs. Between 2015 and 2019, adults (≥18 years) prescribed with TAF-based therapies were identified and characterized in the year prior to the first prescription (index-date) for TAF-based therapies and followed-up until the end of data availability. Overall, 2658 ART-treated patients were included, 1198 of which were under a TAF-based regimen. TAF-based therapies were associated with elevated percentages of adherence (83.3% patients with proportion of days covered, PDC > 95% and 90.6% with PDC > 85%) and persistence (78.5%). The discontinuation rate was low in TAF-treated patients, ranging from 3.3% in TAF-switchers to 5% in naïve. Persistent patients had lower overall mean annual healthcare expenditures (EUR 11,106 in persistent vs. EUR 12,380 in non-persistent,
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Adenine ; Health Care Costs ; Health Expenditures ; Alanine
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Adenine (JAC85A2161) ; Alanine (OF5P57N2ZX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20053789
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Article ; Online: The Use of Oral Amino-Bisphosphonates and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outcomes.

Degli Esposti, Luca / Perrone, Valentina / Sangiorgi, Diego / Andretta, Margherita / Bartolini, Fausto / Cavaliere, Arturo / Ciaccia, Andrea / Dell'orco, Stefania / Grego, Stefano / Salzano, Sara / Ubertazzo, Loredana / Vercellone, Adriano / Gatti, Davide / Fassio, Angelo / Viapiana, Ombretta / Rossini, Maurizio / Adami, Giovanni

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

2021 Volume 36, Issue 11, Page(s) 2177–2183

Abstract: The determinants of the susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations are yet not fully understood. Amino-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have anti- ... ...

Abstract	The determinants of the susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations are yet not fully understood. Amino-bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to reduce the incidence of lower respiratory infections, cardiovascular events, and cancer. We conducted a population-based retrospective observational cohort study with the primary objective of determining if oral N-BPs treatment can play a role in the susceptibility to development of severe COVID-19. Administrative International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical ModificationI (ICD-9-CM) and anatomical-therapeutic chemical (ATC) code data, representative of Italian population (9% sample of the overall population), were analyzed. Oral N-BPs (mainly alendronate and risedronate) were included in the analysis, zoledronic acid was excluded because of the low number of patients at risk. Incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization was 12.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.61-15.04) and 11.55 (95% CI, 8.91-14.20), of intensive care unit (ICU) utilization because of COVID-19 was 1.25 (95% CI, 0.38-2.11) and 1.42 (95% CI, 0.49-2.36), and of all-cause death was 4.06 (95% CI, 2.50-5.61) and 3.96 (95% CI, 2.41-5.51) for oral N-BPs users and nonusers, respectively. Sensitivity analyses that excluded patients with prevalent vertebral or hip fragility fractures and without concomitant glucocorticoid treatment yielded similar results. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of COVID-19 hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, and COVID-19 potentially related mortality were similar in N-BPs-treated and nontreated subjects. Similar results were found in N-BPs versus other anti-osteoporotic drugs. We provide real-life data on the safety of oral N-BPs in terms of severe COVID-19 risk on a population-based cohort. Our results do not support the hypothesis that oral N-BPs can prevent COVID-19 infection and/or severe COVID-19; however, they do not seem to increase the risk. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Diphosphonates/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Risedronic Acid ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Diphosphonates ; Risedronic Acid (KM2Z91756Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	632783-7
ISSN	1523-4681 ; 0884-0431
ISSN (online)	1523-4681
ISSN	0884-0431
DOI	10.1002/jbmr.4419
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Article: Analysis of Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Italy: Evaluation of Their Characteristics, Therapeutic Pathway and the Consumption of Healthcare Resources.

ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR

2022 Volume 14, Page(s) 513–521

Abstract: Purpose: A retrospective analysis was conducted to estimate the number of patients with focal epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and their characteristics, the therapeutic patterns, the consumption of health resources in a real-world Italian ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: A retrospective analysis was conducted to estimate the number of patients with focal epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and their characteristics, the therapeutic patterns, the consumption of health resources in a real-world Italian setting. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was carried out on the administrative databases of a sample of Italian Health Departments, covering approximately 8.7 million health-assisted individuals. All adult patients with at least one hospitalization for focal epilepsy and an electroencephalogram (between 01/2010 and 12/2019), and at least one prescription of antiseizure medication (ASM) (between 01/2011 and 12/2018) were included in the study. Patients with at least two treatment failures and treated with a subsequent ASM were considered DRE. Results: Overall, 1897 patients with focal epilepsy (mean age 56 years, 47% male) were identified, of which 485 (25.6%) with DRE (mean age 53 years, 43% male). Among patients with focal epilepsy and DRE, respectively, 48% and 54% had essential hypertension, 23.4% and 26.6% had cardiovascular disease, and 46.3% and 62.1% had peptic ulcer/prescription of gastric secretion inhibitors. During follow-up, patients with focal epilepsy maintained first-line treatment for 53.9 months; among these, 52% passed to the second-line, and 485 (25.6% of the total) began third-line treatment. In patients with focal epilepsy, the mean cost was € 4448 (of which € 1410 were epilepsy-related), and in DRE patients total expenditures averages € 5825 (of which € 2165 were epilepsy-related). In both patients with focal epilepsy and DRE, hospitalizations represented the most impacting item of expenditure. Conclusion: The present analysis conducted in a setting of Italian clinical practice has shown that 25% of patients with focal epilepsy were resistant to antiepileptic treatments. Furthermore, these results showed that health-care costs for the management of epileptic patients were mainly accountable for the costs related to the disease-management and to hospitalizations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2520698-9
ISSN	1178-6981
ISSN	1178-6981
DOI	10.2147/CEOR.S361692
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