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Article ; Online: Characterising the pulmonary response to prone positioning. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2021; 126: 48-55.

Chad, Thomas

2021 Volume 126, Issue 5, Page(s) e191–e192

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Prone Position ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.008
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Article ; Online: Prone positioning in conscious patients on medical wards: A review of the evidence and its relevance to patients with COVID-19 infection.

Chad, Thomas / Sampson, Caroline

Clinical medicine (London, England)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) e97–e103

Abstract: Medical teams continue to treat many patients with COVID-19 infection. This disease can result in profound hypoxaemia that may necessitate intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in those who are critically ill. This intervention carries risk to ... ...

Abstract	Medical teams continue to treat many patients with COVID-19 infection. This disease can result in profound hypoxaemia that may necessitate intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in those who are critically ill. This intervention carries risk to both patients and healthcare workers and utilises significant hospital resource for prolonged periods. Simple, safe interventions that can be used before critical deterioration are highly desirable. The prone position in conscious non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection may improve oxygenation in the short term and defer or prevent the need for intubation in some. However, clinicians must be aware that there is a small evidence base for this intervention currently. This review sets out evidence regarding the use of this technique to aid the decision making of frontline staff.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Consciousness ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods ; Pandemics ; Patient Positioning/adverse effects ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Prone Position/physiology ; Respiration, Artificial
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2048646-7
ISSN	1473-4893 ; 1470-2118
ISSN (online)	1473-4893
ISSN	1470-2118
DOI	10.7861/clinmed.2020-0179
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Zs.A 5439: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Chronic cough in a patient with stable ulcerative colitis: a rare but important extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.

Chad, Thomas / Brown, Jeremy

BMJ case reports

2019 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: A 74-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with cough and occasional sputum production. Having failed to respond to courses of antibiotics in the community, she was referred to the thoracic medicine clinic. High-resolution CT chest ... ...

Abstract	A 74-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with cough and occasional sputum production. Having failed to respond to courses of antibiotics in the community, she was referred to the thoracic medicine clinic. High-resolution CT chest revealed cylindrical bronchiectasis predominantly in the right lower lobe. Lung function revealed preserved FEV
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Bronchiectasis/diagnostic imaging ; Bronchiectasis/drug therapy ; Bronchiectasis/etiology ; Chronic Disease ; Colitis, Ulcerative/complications ; Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology ; Cough/diagnosis ; Cough/etiology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology ; Remission Induction ; Respiratory Therapy/methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2018-227066
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Article: A comprehensive review on ecology, life cycle and use of Tecoma stans (bignoneaceae).

Singh, Simrat / Miller, Chad Thomas / Singh, Parminder / Sharma, Rishu / Rana, Nepu / Dhakad, Ashok Kumar / Dubey, Rajesh Kumar

Botanical studies

2024 Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 6

Abstract: Tecoma stans is a widely distributed tall ornamental shrub in the plains of Indian subcontinent and is considered an invasive species across Argentina, Australia, South Africa, Pacific Islands and tropical regions of Asia. Besides having an ornamental ... ...

Abstract	Tecoma stans is a widely distributed tall ornamental shrub in the plains of Indian subcontinent and is considered an invasive species across Argentina, Australia, South Africa, Pacific Islands and tropical regions of Asia. Besides having an ornamental significance, T. stans has been extensively investigated for its pharmaceutical applications as a source of bioactive compounds. In addition, the shrub is cultivated commercially as a potted flowering plant. We believe that T. stans, being a hardy, invasive and aggressively growing species, holds a considerable potential and a promising solution for re-greening waste and degraded lands outside its invasive range, due to its wider adaptability and drought tolerant characteristics. The shrub is an excellent source of pollen and nectar, that attracts diverse insect-pollinators and several species of birds. The prudent plantation of this shrub has the potential to restore the ecology of barren landscapes, that can change its perspective of 'being invasive' to 'being ecologically healthy' across the tropical, semi-arid and subtropical regions worldwide. This paper reviews the current updates on ecology, life cycle including morphology, plant growth characteristics, flowering phenology, reproductive biology, breeding system and fruiting of T. stans. In addition, details on insect-pollinator diversity and natural regeneration potential have also been discussed, besides highlighting its therapeutic and landscape use.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2432110-2
ISSN	1999-3110 ; 1817-406X
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
ISSN	1817-406X
DOI	10.1186/s40529-024-00412-4
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Article ; Online: Frailty in acute coronary syndromes. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of frailty assessment tools and interventions from randomised controlled trials.

Chad, Thomas / Koulouroudias, Marinos / Layton, Georgia R / Fashina, Oluwatomini / Sze, Shirley / Roman, Marius / Murphy, Gavin J

International journal of cardiology

2024 Volume 399, Page(s) 131764

Abstract: Aim: We aimed to review all randomised controlled trial (RCT) data to explore optimal identification and treatment strategies of frail patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS).: Methods: The protocol was preregistered (PROSPERO - CRD42021250235). ...

Abstract	Aim: We aimed to review all randomised controlled trial (RCT) data to explore optimal identification and treatment strategies of frail patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). Methods: The protocol was preregistered (PROSPERO - CRD42021250235). We performed a systematic review including RCT's that 1; used at least one frailty assessment tool to assess frailty and its impact on outcomes in patients diagnosed with ACS and 2; used at least one intervention where change in frailty was measured in patients diagnosed with ACS. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched on the 1st April 2021 and updated on 4th July 2023. Owing to low search output results are presented as a narrative synthesis of available evidence. Results: A single RCT used a frailty assessment tool. A single RCT specifically targeted frailty with their intervention. This precluded further quantitative analysis. There was indication of selection bias against frail participants, and a signal of value for physical activity measurement in frail ACS patients. There was a high level of uncertainty and low level of robustness of this evidence. Conclusions: Data from RCT's alone is inadequate in answering the reviews question. Future RCT's need to address ways to incorporate frail participants, whilst mitigating selection biases. Physical performance aspects of the frailty syndrome appear to be high yield modifiable targets that improve outcomes. Intervention trials should consider using change in frailty status as an outcome measure. Any trials that include frail participants should present data specifically attributable to this group.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Frailty/therapy ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis ; Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Research Design ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	779519-1
ISSN	1874-1754 ; 0167-5273
ISSN (online)	1874-1754
ISSN	0167-5273
DOI	10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131764
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Zs.A 1673: Show issues

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Article: Prone positioning in conscious patients on medical wards: A review of the evidence and its relevance to patients with COVID-19 infection

Chad, Thomas / Sampson, Caroline

Abstract	Medical teams continue to treat many patients with COVID-19 infection. This disease can result in profound hypoxaemia that may necessitate intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in those who are critically ill. This intervention carries risk to both patients and healthcare workers and utilises significant hospital resource for prolonged periods. Simple, safe interventions that can be used before critical deterioration are highly desirable. The prone position in conscious non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection may improve oxygenation in the short term and defer or prevent the need for intubation in some. However, clinicians must be aware that there is a small evidence base for this intervention currently. This review sets out evidence regarding the use of this technique to aid the decision making of frontline staff.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32503800
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Right Ventricular Injury Increases Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chad, Thomas / Yusuff, Hakeem / Zochios, Vasileios / Pettenuzzo, Tommaso / Fan, Eddy / Schmidt, Matthieu

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)

2022 Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) e14–e22

Abstract: Right ventricular injury (RVI) in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well recognized as an important determinant risk factor of mortality. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is part of the algorithm for ... ...

Abstract	Right ventricular injury (RVI) in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well recognized as an important determinant risk factor of mortality. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is part of the algorithm for the management of patients with severe ARDS and severely impaired gas exchange. Although VV-ECMO may theoretically protect the RV it is uncertain to what degree RVI persists despite VV-ECMO support, and whether it continues to influence mortality after ECMO initiation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of RVI on mortality in this context, testing the hypothesis that RVI worsens mortality in this cohort. We performed a systematic search that identified seven studies commenting on RVI and mortality in patients with ARDS receiving VV-ECMO. The presence of RVI was associated with greater mortality overall (odds ratios [OR]: 2.72; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.52-4.85; p < 0.00) and across three subgroups (RV dilatational measures: OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.51-8.14; p < 0.01, RV functional measures: OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 0.99-3.42; p = 0.05, RV measurements post-ECMO initiation: OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.01-3.72; p < 0.05). Prospective studies are needed to investigate the causal relationship between RVI and mortality in this patient group and the best management strategies to reduce mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome ; Risk Factors ; Heart Ventricles ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	759982-1
ISSN	1538-943X ; 0162-1432 ; 1058-2916
ISSN (online)	1538-943X
ISSN	0162-1432 ; 1058-2916
DOI	10.1097/MAT.0000000000001854
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Uk I Zs.199: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.B 2435: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Role of Hypothermia in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Abbasciano, Riccardo Giuseppe / Koulouroudias, Marinos / Chad, Thomas / Mohamed, Walid / Leeman, Irene / Pellowe, Carol / Kunst, Gudrun / Klein, Andrew / Murphy, Gavin James

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

2022 Volume 36, Issue 7, Page(s) 1883–1890

Abstract: Objective: To review studies that assessed systemic hypothermia as an organ protection strategy in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.: Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: Setting and participants: Randomized ...

Abstract	Objective: To review studies that assessed systemic hypothermia as an organ protection strategy in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting and participants: Randomized controlled trials, irrespective of blinding, language, publication status, and date of publication, were identified by searching the Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase until November 2020. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to Cochrane methodology. Treatment effects were expressed as risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was expressed as I Interventions: Systemic hypothermia. Measurements and main results: Forty-eight trials enrolling 6,690 patients were included in the analysis. Methodologic quality of the studies included was low, mostly due to insufficient allocation concealment or blinding. Random-effects meta-analysis did not resolve uncertainty as to the risks and benefits for hypothermia versus normothermia for key primary and secondary outcomes, including mortality (1.21, 0.94 to 1.56, I Conclusion: The existing evidence for an organ-protective effect of hypothermia in adult cardiac surgery is of low quality and inconsistent.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain Injuries ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypothermia/prevention & control ; Hypothermia, Induced/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1067317-9
ISSN	1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
ISSN (online)	1532-8422
ISSN	1053-0770
DOI	10.1053/j.jvca.2022.01.026
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Article: High-Dose Insulin for Toxin Induced Cardiogenic Shock: Experience at a New High and Overview of the Evidence.

Chad, Thomas / Ulla, Marco / Garnelo Rey, Vanesa / Gómez, Carlos

The Journal of emergency medicine

2019 Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 317–323

Abstract: Background: High-dose insulin therapy is an effective treatment for cardiogenic shock caused by the overdose of particular medications. Other treatment options are usually of limited benefit. Consensus suggests that early initiation improves efficacy. ... ...

Abstract	Background: High-dose insulin therapy is an effective treatment for cardiogenic shock caused by the overdose of particular medications. Other treatment options are usually of limited benefit. Consensus suggests that early initiation improves efficacy. No ceiling effect has been established at doses in the general range of 0.5-10 units/kg/hour. Case report: A 79-year-old man presented in cardiogenic shock after an intentional overdose of numerous cardioactive medications 10 days after experiencing myocardial infarction. A high-dose insulin infusion was commenced. This was titrated up to a maximum of 20 units/kg/hour (1600 units/hour) and sustained for 32 h (61,334 units total). Minimal adverse events were seen despite this exceptional infusion rate (3 episodes of hypoglycemia and 2 episodes of hypokalemia). Concurrent catecholamine support was used, and cardiovascular function was maintained until all support was withdrawn 5 days after admission. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Emergency physicians are pivotal to the successful initiation/up-titration of high-dose insulin therapy. They must balance the potential for treatment failure with other treatment options, mitigate against adverse events in the initial phase of therapy, and coordinate care between other hospital specialties. This case shows that the relative safety and efficacy was extended to an infusion rate of 20 units/kg/hour, the highest recorded in the published literature. This information may help guide treatment of similar cases in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Insulin/administration & dosage ; Male ; Shock, Cardiogenic/chemically induced ; Shock, Cardiogenic/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605559-x
ISSN	0736-4679
ISSN	0736-4679
DOI	10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.10.018
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Zs.A 1895: Show issues

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Book: The limits of gender domination

Black, Chad Thomas

women, the law, and political crisis in Quito, 1765-1830

2010

Author's details	Chad Thomas Black
Keywords	Women/Legal status, laws, etc/History ; Women/Social conditions ; Women's rights/History ; Quito (Ecuador)
Language	English
Size	XII, 355 S.
Publisher	University of New Mexico Press
Publishing place	Albuquerque
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN	0826349234 ; 9780826349231
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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