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  1. Article ; Online: Communication and quorum sensing in non-living mimics of eukaryotic cells.

    Niederholtmeyer, Henrike / Chaggan, Cynthia / Devaraj, Neal K

    Nature communications

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 5027

    Abstract: Cells in tissues or biofilms communicate with one another through chemical and mechanical signals to coordinate collective behaviors. Non-living cell mimics provide simplified models of natural systems; however, it has remained challenging to implement ... ...

    Abstract Cells in tissues or biofilms communicate with one another through chemical and mechanical signals to coordinate collective behaviors. Non-living cell mimics provide simplified models of natural systems; however, it has remained challenging to implement communication capabilities comparable to living cells. Here we present a porous artificial cell-mimic containing a nucleus-like DNA-hydrogel compartment that is able to express and display proteins, and communicate with neighboring cell-mimics through diffusive protein signals. We show that communication between cell-mimics allows distribution of tasks, quorum sensing, and cellular differentiation according to local environment. Cell-mimics can be manufactured in large quantities, easily stored, chemically modified, and spatially organized into diffusively connected tissue-like arrangements, offering a means for studying communication in large ensembles of artificial cells.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biofilms ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Quorum Sensing/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-018-07473-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: An AMPK-caspase-6 axis controls liver damage in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

    Zhao, Peng / Sun, Xiaoli / Chaggan, Cynthia / Liao, Zhongji / In Wong, Kai / He, Feng / Singh, Seema / Loomba, Rohit / Karin, Michael / Witztum, Joseph L / Saltiel, Alan R

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 367, Issue 6478, Page(s) 652–660

    Abstract: Liver cell death has an essential role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The activity of the energy sensor adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is repressed in NASH. Liver-specific AMPK knockout aggravated liver damage in ... ...

    Abstract Liver cell death has an essential role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The activity of the energy sensor adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is repressed in NASH. Liver-specific AMPK knockout aggravated liver damage in mouse NASH models. AMPK phosphorylated proapoptotic caspase-6 protein to inhibit its activation, keeping hepatocyte apoptosis in check. Suppression of AMPK activity relieved this inhibition, rendering caspase-6 activated in human and mouse NASH. AMPK activation or caspase-6 inhibition, even after the onset of NASH, improved liver damage and fibrosis. Once phosphorylation was decreased, caspase-6 was activated by caspase-3 or -7. Active caspase-6 cleaved Bid to induce cytochrome c release, generating a feedforward loop that leads to hepatocyte death. Thus, the AMPK-caspase-6 axis regulates liver damage in NASH, implicating AMPK and caspase-6 as therapeutic targets.
    MeSH term(s) AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase 6/metabolism ; Caspase 7/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Caspase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Enzyme Activation ; Hepatocytes/enzymology ; Hepatocytes/pathology ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/enzymology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology ; Phosphorylation
    Chemical Substances Caspase Inhibitors ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 6 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 7 (EC 3.4.22.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.aay0542
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Identification of plant extracts that inhibit the formation of diabetes-linked IAPP amyloid

    Fuentes, Ana Lucia / Hennessy, Kathleen / Pascual, Jacob / Pepe, Nicole / Wang, In / Santiago, Alexander / Chaggan, Cynthia / Martinez, Jessica / Rivera, Evelyn / Cota, Paola / Cunha, Christina / Nogaj, Luiza A / Moffet, David A

    Journal of herbal medicine. 2016 Mar., v. 6, no. 1

    2016  

    Abstract: The extracts of 27 vegetables, spices and herbs were screened for their functional ability to inhibit the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) into toxic amyloid aggregates. The aggregation of IAPP has been directly linked to the death ...

    Abstract The extracts of 27 vegetables, spices and herbs were screened for their functional ability to inhibit the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) into toxic amyloid aggregates. The aggregation of IAPP has been directly linked to the death of pancreatic β-islet cells in type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting the aggregation of IAPP is believed to have the potential to slow, if not prevent entirely, the progression of this disease. As vegetables, spices and herbs are known to possess many different positive health effects, the extracts of 27 plants (abundant within the United States and Europe and spanning several plant families) were screened for their ability to inhibit the formation of toxic IAPP aggregates. Their anti-amyloid activities were assessed through (1) thioflavin T binding assays, (2) visualization of amyloid fibers using atomic force microscopy and (3) cell rescue studies. From this research, mint, peppermint, red bell pepper and thyme emerged as possessing the greatest anti-amyloid activity.
    Keywords Mentha piperita nothosubsp. piperita ; amyloid ; atomic force microscopy ; death ; health effects assessments ; herbal medicines ; mint ; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; polypeptides ; spices ; sweet peppers ; thyme ; toxicity ; Europe ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-03
    Size p. 37-41.
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2210-8033
    DOI 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.11.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Identification of Plant Extracts that Inhibit the Formation of Diabetes-Linked IAPP Amyloid.

    Fuentes, Ana Lucia / Hennessy, Kathleen / Pascual, Jacob / Pepe, Nicole / Wang, In / Santiago, Alexander / Chaggan, Cynthia / Martinez, Jessica / Rivera, Evelyn / Cota, Paola / Cunha, Christina / Nogaj, Luiza A / Moffet, David A

    Journal of herbal medicine

    2016  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–41

    Abstract: The extracts of 27 vegetables, spices and herbs were screened for their functional ability to inhibit the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) into toxic amyloid aggregates. The aggregation of IAPP has been directly linked to the death ...

    Abstract The extracts of 27 vegetables, spices and herbs were screened for their functional ability to inhibit the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) into toxic amyloid aggregates. The aggregation of IAPP has been directly linked to the death of pancreatic β-islet cells in type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting the aggregation of IAPP is believed to have the potential to slow, if not prevent entirely, the progression of this disease. As vegetables, spices and herbs are known to possess many different positive health effects, the extracts of 27 plants (abundant within the United States and spanning several plant families) were screened for their ability to inhibit the formation of toxic IAPP aggregates. Their anti-amyloid activities were assessed through (1) thioflavin T binding assays, (2) visualization of amyloid fibers using atomic force microscopy and (3) cell rescue studies. From this research, mint, peppermint, red bell pepper and thyme emerged as possessing the greatest anti-amyloid activity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2210-8033
    ISSN 2210-8033
    DOI 10.1016/j.hermed.2015.11.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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