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  1. Article ; Online: Variation in Neuroanatomy in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

    Chakravarty, M Mallar

    Biological psychiatry

    2022  Volume 92, Issue 8, Page(s) 612–613

    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Brain ; Humans ; Neuroanatomy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209434-4
    ISSN 1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
    ISSN (online) 1873-2402
    ISSN 0006-3223
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.008
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    Zs.A 720: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Immune alterations in the intrauterine environment shapes offspring brain development in a sex-specific manner.

    Guma, Elisa / Chakravarty, M Mallar

    Biological psychiatry

    2024  

    Abstract: Exposure to inflammation in utero or in early life is known to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to ... ...

    Abstract Exposure to inflammation in utero or in early life is known to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to chronic stress, obesity, malnutrition, or autoimmune diseases. These exposures may cause subtle alteration in brain development, structure, and function that can become progressively magnified across the lifespan, potentially increasing risk for neuropsychiatric conditions. There is some evidence that males are more susceptible to early life inflammatory challenges compared to females. In this review, we discuss the various sources of in utero or early life inflammation, and the known effects on fetal development. We also discuss these changes with a focus on sex differences in the brain, leveraging neuroimaging, as well as behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical findings. Gaining clarity on how the intrauterine environment affects offspring development is of critical importance for informing preventative and early intervention measures that may buffer against the effects of these early life risk factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209434-4
    ISSN 1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
    ISSN (online) 1873-2402
    ISSN 0006-3223
    DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.04.012
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    Zs.A 720: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Guest editorial: Special issue on machine learning in schizophrenia.

    Chakravarty, M Mallar

    Schizophrenia research

    2019  Volume 214, Page(s) 1–2

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Machine Learning ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.044
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    Zs.A 2351: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 543: Show issues

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  4. Article ; Online: Small animal imaging presents an opportunity for improving translational research in biological psychiatry.

    Chakravarty, M Mallar / Guma, Elisa

    Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 5, Page(s) E579–E582

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Psychiatry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Translational Research, Biomedical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1077443-9
    ISSN 1488-2434 ; 1180-4882
    ISSN (online) 1488-2434
    ISSN 1180-4882
    DOI 10.1503/jpn.210172
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    Zs.B 2105: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Mapping pontocerebellar connectivity with diffusion MRI.

    Rousseau, Paul-Noel / Chakravarty, M Mallar / Steele, Christopher J

    NeuroImage

    2022  Volume 264, Page(s) 119684

    Abstract: The cerebellum's involvement in cognitive, affective and motor functions is mediated by connections to different regions of the cerebral cortex. A distinctive feature of cortico-cerebellar loops that has been demonstrated in the animal work is a ... ...

    Abstract The cerebellum's involvement in cognitive, affective and motor functions is mediated by connections to different regions of the cerebral cortex. A distinctive feature of cortico-cerebellar loops that has been demonstrated in the animal work is a topographic organization that is preserved across its corticopontine, pontocerebellar, and cerebello-thalmo-cortical segments. Here we used tractography derived from diffusion imaging data to characterize the connections between the pons and the individual lobules of the cerebellum and generate a parcellation of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle based on the pattern of connectivity. We identified a rostral to caudal gradient in the pons, similar to that observed in the animal work, such that rostral regions were preferentially connected to cerebellar lobules involved in non-motor, and caudal regions with motor regions. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of the cerebellum, and the parcellations we generated provide context for future research into the pontocerebellar tract's involvement in health and disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119684
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    Zs.MO 7: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Seeing the bigger picture: multimodal neuroimaging to investigate neuropsychiatric illnesses.

    Plitman, Eric / Raihaan, Patel / Chakravarty, M Mallar

    Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN

    2020  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 147–149

    MeSH term(s) Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Multimodal Imaging ; Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Neurocognitive Disorders/physiopathology ; Neuroimaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-26
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1077443-9
    ISSN 1488-2434 ; 1180-4882
    ISSN (online) 1488-2434
    ISSN 1180-4882
    DOI 10.1503/jpn.200070
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  7. Article ; Online: A systematic review of neuroimaging and acute cannabis exposure in age-of-risk for psychosis.

    Cupo, Lani / Plitman, Eric / Guma, Elisa / Chakravarty, M Mallar

    Translational psychiatry

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 217

    Abstract: Acute exposure to cannabis has been associated with an array of cognitive alterations, increased risk for neuropsychiatric illness, and other neuropsychiatric sequelae including the emergence of acute psychotic symptoms. However, the brain alterations ... ...

    Abstract Acute exposure to cannabis has been associated with an array of cognitive alterations, increased risk for neuropsychiatric illness, and other neuropsychiatric sequelae including the emergence of acute psychotic symptoms. However, the brain alterations associating cannabis use and these behavioral and clinical phenotypes remains disputed. To this end, neuroimaging can be a powerful technique to non-invasively study the impact of cannabis exposure on brain structure and function in both humans and animal models. While chronic exposure studies provide insight into how use may be related to long-term outcomes, acute exposure may reveal interesting information regarding the immediate impact of use and abuse on brain circuits. Understanding these alterations could reveal the connection with symptom dimensions in neuropsychiatric disorders and, more specifically with psychosis. The purpose of the present review is to: 1) provide an update on the findings of pharmacological neuroimaging studies examining the effects of administered cannabinoids and 2) focus the discussion on studies that examine the sensitive window for the emergence of psychosis. Current literature indicates that cannabis exposure has varied effects on the brain, with the principal compounds in cannabis (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) altering activity across different brain regions. Importantly, we also discovered critical gaps in the literature, particularly regarding sex-dependent responses and long-term effects of chronic exposure. Certain networks often characterized as dysregulated in psychosis, like the default mode network and limbic system, were also impacted by THC exposure, identifying areas of particular interest for future work investigating the potential relationship between the two.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cannabidiol ; Cannabinoids ; Cannabis/adverse effects ; Dronabinol ; Humans ; Neuroimaging ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging
    Chemical Substances Cannabinoids ; Cannabidiol (19GBJ60SN5) ; Dronabinol (7J8897W37S)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2609311-X
    ISSN 2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
    ISSN (online) 2158-3188
    ISSN 2158-3188
    DOI 10.1038/s41398-021-01295-w
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  8. Article ; Online: Neurochemical and cognitive changes precede structural abnormalities in the TgF344-AD rat model.

    Fowler, Caitlin F / Goerzen, Dana / Devenyi, Gabriel A / Madularu, Dan / Chakravarty, M Mallar / Near, Jamie

    Brain communications

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) fcac072

    Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a decades-long pre-symptomatic phase, substantiating the need for prodromal biomarker development and early intervention. To deconstruct the processes underlying disease progression and ...

    Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a decades-long pre-symptomatic phase, substantiating the need for prodromal biomarker development and early intervention. To deconstruct the processes underlying disease progression and identify potential biomarkers, we used neuroimaging techniques with high translational potential to human clinical studies in the TgF344-AD rat model which recapitulates the full spectrum of Alzheimer's neuropathology (progressive amyloid deposition, tauopathy, frank neuronal loss, gliosis, and cognitive dysfunction). We employed longitudinal MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with behavioural testing to characterize multiple facets of disease pathology in male and female TgF344-AD rats (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-1297
    ISSN (online) 2632-1297
    DOI 10.1093/braincomms/fcac072
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  9. Article ; Online: Altered amygdala shape trajectories and emotion recognition in youth at familial high risk of schizophrenia who develop psychosis.

    Guimond, Synthia / Mothi, Suraj S / Makowski, Carolina / Chakravarty, M Mallar / Keshavan, Matcheri S

    Translational psychiatry

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 202

    Abstract: Relatives of individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of developing the illness compared to the general population. Thus, youth at familial high risk (FHR) offer a unique opportunity to identify neuroimaging-based endophenotypes of psychosis. ... ...

    Abstract Relatives of individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of developing the illness compared to the general population. Thus, youth at familial high risk (FHR) offer a unique opportunity to identify neuroimaging-based endophenotypes of psychosis. Previous studies have identified lower amygdalo-hippocampal volume in FHR, as well as lower verbal memory and emotion recognition. However, whether these phenotypes increase the risk of transition to psychosis remains unclear. To determine if individuals who develop psychosis have abnormal neurodevelopmental trajectories of the amygdala and hippocampus, we investigated longitudinal changes of these structures in a unique cohort of 82 youth FHR and 56 healthy controls during a 3-year period. Ten individuals from the FHR group converted to psychosis. Longitudinal changes were compared using linear mixed-effects models. Group differences in verbal memory and emotion recognition performance at baseline were also analyzed. Surface-based morphometry measures revealed variation in amygdalar shape (concave shape of the right dorsomedial region) in those who converted to psychosis. Significantly lower emotion recognition performance at baseline was observed in converters. Percent trial-to-trial transfer on the verbal learning task was also significantly impaired in FHR, independently of the conversion status. Our results identify abnormal shape development trajectories in the dorsomedial amygdala and lower emotion recognition abilities as phenotypes of transition to psychosis. Our findings illustrate potential markers for early identification of psychosis, aiding prevention efforts in youth at risk of schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Emotions ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Schizophrenia/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2609311-X
    ISSN 2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
    ISSN (online) 2158-3188
    ISSN 2158-3188
    DOI 10.1038/s41398-022-01957-3
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  10. Article ; Online: Perinatal maternal mental health and amygdala morphology in young adulthood.

    Guma, Elisa / Andrýsková, Lenka / Brázdil, Milan / Chakravarty, M Mallar / Marečková, Klára

    Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry

    2022  Volume 122, Page(s) 110676

    Abstract: The pre- and perinatal environment is thought to play a critical role in shaping brain development. Specifically, maternal mental health and maternal care have been shown to influence offspring brain development in regions implicated in emotional ... ...

    Abstract The pre- and perinatal environment is thought to play a critical role in shaping brain development. Specifically, maternal mental health and maternal care have been shown to influence offspring brain development in regions implicated in emotional regulation such as the amygdala. In this study, we used data from a neuroimaging follow-up of a prenatal birth-cohort, the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood, to investigate the impact of early postnatal maternal anxiety/co-dependence, and prenatal and early-postnatal depression and dysregulated mood on amygdala volume and morphology in young adulthood (n = 103). We observed that in typically developing young adults, greater maternal anxiety/co-dependence after birth was significantly associated with lower volume (right: t = -2.913, p = 0.0045, β = -0.523; left: t = -1.471, p = 0.144, β = -0.248) and non-significantly associated with surface area (right: t = -3.502, q = 0.069, <10%FDR, β = -0.090, left: t = -3.137, q = 0.117, <10%FDR, = -0.088) of the amygdala in young adulthood. Conversely, prenatal maternal depression and mood dysregulation in the early postnatal period was not associated with any volumetric or morphological changes in the amygdala in young adulthood. Our findings provide evidence for subtle but long-lasting alterations to amygdala morphology associated with differences in maternal anxiety/co-dependence in early development.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Adult ; Child ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mental Health ; Amygdala/diagnostic imaging ; Depression, Postpartum ; Brain ; Depression/diagnostic imaging ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 781181-0
    ISSN 1878-4216 ; 0278-5846
    ISSN (online) 1878-4216
    ISSN 0278-5846
    DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110676
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