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Article ; Online: Natural-Product-Derived Adjunctive Treatments to Conventional Therapy and Their Immunoregulatory Activities in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Kan, Lea Ling-Yu / Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Leung, Ping-Chung / Wong, Chun-Kwok

2023 Volume 28, Issue 15

Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and persistent subtype of breast cancer that is likely to be resistant to conventional treatments. The rise in immunotherapy has created new modalities to treat cancer, but due to high costs and ... ...

Abstract	Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and persistent subtype of breast cancer that is likely to be resistant to conventional treatments. The rise in immunotherapy has created new modalities to treat cancer, but due to high costs and unreliable efficacy, adjunctive and complementary treatments have sparked interest in enhancing the efficacy of currently available treatments. Natural products, which are bioactive compounds derived from natural sources, have historically been used to treat or ameliorate inflammatory diseases and symptoms. As TNBC patients have shown little to no response to immunotherapy, the potential of natural products as candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy is being explored, as well as their immunomodulatory effects on cancer. Due to the complexity of TNBC and the ever-changing tumor microenvironment, there are challenges in determining the feasibility of using natural products to enhance the efficacy or counteract the toxicity of conventional treatments. In view of technological advances in molecular docking, pharmaceutical networking, and new drug delivery systems, natural products show promise as potential candidates in adjunctive therapy. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms of action of selected natural-product-based bioactive compounds and analyze their roles and applications in combination treatments and immune regulation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Immunotherapy ; Tumor Microenvironment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28155804
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Article ; Online: Dark under the Lamp: Neglected Biological Pollutants in the Environment Are Closely Linked to Lung Cancer.

Wang, Dongjie / Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Zhang, Bitian / Wong, Katie Ching-Yau / Kan, Lea Ling-Yu / Wong, Chun-Kwok

International journal of molecular sciences

2024 Volume 25, Issue 6

Abstract: Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The roles of common chemical and physical pollutants such as PM2.5, smoking, radon, ... ...

Abstract	Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The roles of common chemical and physical pollutants such as PM2.5, smoking, radon, asbestos, and formaldehyde in lung cancer have been extensively studied. Notably, the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the strong link between biological pollution and human health. Allergens such as house dust mites and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses, are common biological pollutants. A few biological pollutants have been reported to promote lung cancer via inducing inflammatory cytokines secretion, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β, as well as suppressing immunosurveillance by upregulating regulatory T (Treg) cells while dampening the function of CD8
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Environmental Pollutants ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Pandemics ; Allergens ; Pyroglyphidae
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Allergens
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms25063081
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Article: Enhancing Antibiotics Efficacy by Combination of Kuraridin and Epicatechin Gallate with Antimicrobials against Methicillin-Resistant

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Barua, Nilakshi / Lau, Clara Bik-San / Leung, Ping-Chung / Fung, Kwok-Pui / Ip, Margaret

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus: Methods: In this study, we combine two natural compounds: kuraridin from : Results: The combined use of ECG and kuraridin was efficacious in inhibiting the growth of a panel of tested MRSA strains. The ... ...

Abstract	Background: Staphylococcus aureus Methods: In this study, we combine two natural compounds: kuraridin from Results: The combined use of ECG and kuraridin was efficacious in inhibiting the growth of a panel of tested MRSA strains. The antibacterial activities of gentamicin, fusidic acid and vancomycin could be further enhanced by the addition of ECG and kuraridin. In time-kill study, when vancomycin (0.5 μg/mL) was combined with ECG (2 μg/mL) and kuraridin (2 μg/mL), a very strong bactericidal growth inhibition against 3 tested strains ATCC25923, MRSA ST30 and ST239 was observed from 2 to 24 h. ECG and kuraridin both possess anti-inflammatory activities in bacterial toxin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα) and are non-cytotoxic. In a murine pneumonia model infected with ATCC25923, MRSA ST30 or ST239, the combined use of ECG and kuraridin with vancomycin could significantly reduce bacterial counts. Conclusions: The present findings reveal the potential of ECG and kuraridin combination as a non-toxic herbal and antibiotics combination for MRSA treatment with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics12010117
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Article ; Online: Immunological Roles of NLR in Allergic Diseases and Its Underlying Mechanisms.

Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Hou, Tianheng / Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Wong, Chun Kwok

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 4

Abstract: Our understanding on the immunological roles of pathogen recognition in innate immunity has vastly increased over the past 20 years. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR) ... ...

Abstract	Our understanding on the immunological roles of pathogen recognition in innate immunity has vastly increased over the past 20 years. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLR) are cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that are responsible for sensing microbial motifs and endogenous damage signals in mammalian cytosol for immune surveillance and host defense. The accumulating discoveries on these NLR sensors in allergic diseases suggest that the pathogenesis of allergic diseases may not be confined to the adaptive immune response. Therapy targeting NLR in murine models also shields light on its potential in the treatment of allergies in man. In this review, we herein summarize the recent understanding of the role of NLR sensors and their molecular mechanisms involved in allergic inflammation, including atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Hypersensitivity/metabolism ; Inflammasomes/metabolism ; NLR Proteins/immunology ; NLR Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Inflammasomes ; NLR Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22041507
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Article ; Online: Immunoregulatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Combination Treatment of Novel Four-Herb Formula and Doxorubicin in 4T1-Breast Cancer Bearing Mice.

Kan, Lea Ling-Yu / Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Yue, Grace Gar-Lee / Li, Peiting / Hon, Sharon Sze-Man / Huang, Danqi / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Lau, Clara Bik-San / Leung, Ping-Chung / Wong, Chun-Kwok

Chinese journal of integrative medicine

2023 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 311–321

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula (4HF) and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).: Methods: Murine-derived triple-negative mammary ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula (4HF) and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: Murine-derived triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line, 4T1 cells, was cultured and inoculated into mouse mammary glands. Sixty-six mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=11 in ench): naïve, control, LD 4HF (low dose 4HF), HD 4HF (high dose 4HF), LD 4HF + D (low dose and doxorubicin), and D (doxorubicin). Apart from the naïve group, each mouse received subcutaneous inoculation with 5 × 10 Results: Mice treated with the combination of 4HF and doxorubicin resulted in significantly reduced tumor and spleen burdens (P<0.05), altered the hypoxia and overall immune lymphocyte landscape, and manipulated gut microbiota to favor the anti-tumor immunological activities. Moreover, immunosuppressive genes, cytokines, and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine 2 and interleukin-10 of tumors were significantly downregulated (P<0.05). 4HF-doxorubicin combination treatment demonstrated synergetic activities and was most effective in activating the anti-tumor immune response (P<0.05). Conclusion: The above results provide evidence for evaluating the immune regulating mechanisms of 4HF in breast cancer and support its clinical significance in its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic agent or immune supplement.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Saline Solution ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; Doxorubicin/therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Immunity ; Water ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Saline Solution ; Doxorubicin (80168379AG) ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171254-2
ISSN	1993-0402 ; 1672-0415
ISSN (online)	1993-0402
ISSN	1672-0415
DOI	10.1007/s11655-023-3745-6
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Article ; Online: Creating a Vaccine-like Supplement against Respiratory Infection Using Recombinant

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Li, Peiting / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau / Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung / Zheng, Tao / Hon, Sharon Sze-Man / Lau, Ching-Po / Cheng, Wen / Chen, Fang / Lau, Clara Bik-San / Leung, Ping-Chung / Wong, Chun-Kwok

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 13

Abstract: Vaccination is the most effective method of combating COVID-19 infection, but people with a psychological fear of needles and side effects are hesitant to receive the current vaccination, and alternative delivery methods may help. ...

Abstract	Vaccination is the most effective method of combating COVID-19 infection, but people with a psychological fear of needles and side effects are hesitant to receive the current vaccination, and alternative delivery methods may help.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; Bacillus subtilis/genetics ; Bacillus subtilis/metabolism ; Biological Products/metabolism ; Spores, Bacterial/metabolism ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines ; Immunity, Innate
Chemical Substances	sinovac COVID-19 vaccine ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Biological Products ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28134996
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Article ; Online: Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolor in BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection.

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Li, Peiting / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau / Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung / Zheng, Tao / Hon, Sharon Sze-Man / Lau, Ching-Po / Ho, Ronald Chi-Yan / Chen, Fang / Lau, Clara Bik-San / Leung, Ping-Chung / Wong, Chun-Kwok

Journal of leukocyte biology

2023 Volume 115, Issue 1, Page(s) 177–189

Abstract: The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased ... ...

Abstract	The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased viral fitness and transmissibility by mutations of the spike proteins of the viral particle, denting hopes of the use of early-generation vaccines for a widespread protective immunity against viral infection. The use of adjuvants may enhance the immune responses of the conventional application of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have shown that the water extract of 2 β-glucan-enriched immunostimulating natural products, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), could induce innate immunity-related cytokines from human monocytes (CCL5, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α). Using BALB/c mice, orally administrated AM and CV (1,384 and 742 mg/kg/d) for 4 d after vaccination, respectively, could enhance (1) the immunoglobulin G binding activities of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by 5.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively; (2) the immunoglobulin G3 subclass production of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins; and (3) the in vitro antibody-neutralizing activities of BNT162b2 vaccinated mice. In conclusion, combining AM and CV was effective in acting as an oral adjuvant with the messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 to improve the antigen binding activities against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, probably via trained immunity of macrophages and dendritic cells.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Astragalus propinquus ; Interleukin-10 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Biological Products ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	BNT162 Vaccine ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Biological Products ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605722-6
ISSN	1938-3673 ; 0741-5400
ISSN (online)	1938-3673
ISSN	0741-5400
DOI	10.1093/jleuko/qiad106
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Zs.A 603: Show issues

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Article: Current Advances in Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Toward Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapy and Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Ling, Jiawei / Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Gao, Xun / Leung, Ping Chung / Lam, Christopher Wai-Kei / Hu, Jiang-Miao / Wong, Chun Kwok

Frontiers in medicine

2022 Volume 8, Page(s) 815075

Abstract: Dry eye is currently one of the most common ocular surface disease. It can lead to ocular discomfort and even cause visual impairment, which greatly affects the work and quality of life of patients. With the increasing incidence of dry eye disease (DED) ... ...

Abstract	Dry eye is currently one of the most common ocular surface disease. It can lead to ocular discomfort and even cause visual impairment, which greatly affects the work and quality of life of patients. With the increasing incidence of dry eye disease (DED) in recent years, the disease is receiving more and more attention, and has become one of the hot research fields in ophthalmology research. Recently, with the in-depth research on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of DED, it has been shown that defects in immune regulation is one of the main pathological mechanisms of DED. Since the non-specific and specific immune response of the ocular surface are jointly regulated, a variety of immune cells and inflammatory factors are involved in the development of DED. The conventional treatment of DED is the application of artificial tears for lubricating the ocular surface. However, for moderate-to-severe DED, treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs is necessary. In this review, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of DED and the latest research progress of its related treatments including Chinese medicine will be discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2021.815075
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Article ; Online: Human mast cells induce osteoclastogenesis through cell surface RANKL.

Ng, Chun Wai / Chan, Ben Chung Lap / Ko, Chun Hay / Tam, Issan Yee San / Sam, Sze Wing / Lau, Clara Bik San / Leung, Ping Chung / Lau, Hang Yung Alaster

Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.

2022 Volume 71, Issue 10-11, Page(s) 1261–1270

Abstract: Objectives: We employed the co-culture of CD34: Methods: Mature HMC and osteoclast precursors were cultured from monocytes isolated from human buffy coat. The osteoclast precursors were incubated with HMC or receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- ...

Abstract	Objectives: We employed the co-culture of CD34 Methods: Mature HMC and osteoclast precursors were cultured from monocytes isolated from human buffy coat. The osteoclast precursors were incubated with HMC or receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) for a week prior to determination of osteoclast maturation through characterization by their morphology and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression. The bone absorption activity was determined by pit formation on osteo-assay plate. Results: Mature osteoclasts were identified following co-culture of osteoclast precursors with HMC for one week in the absence of RANKL and they were capable of bone resorption. These actions of HMC on osteoclasts were not affected by mast cell activators such anti-IgE or substance P but could be reversed by osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the co-culture system suggesting the involvement of RANKL. The expression of RANKL on the cell surface of HMC was confirmed by flow cytometry and the density was not affected by activation of HMC. Conclusion: Our study provided direct evidence confirming the initiation of osteoclast proliferation and activation by mast cells through cell surface RANKL suggesting that mast cells may contribute to bone destruction in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Membrane Glycoproteins ; NF-kappa B ; Osteoprotegerin ; RANK Ligand ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; TNFSF11 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1221794-3
ISSN	1420-908X ; 1023-3830
ISSN (online)	1420-908X
ISSN	1023-3830
DOI	10.1007/s00011-022-01608-9
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Zs.A 675: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The Immuno-Modulatory Activities of Pentaherbs Formula on Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Mice via the Activation of Th1 and Treg Cells and Inhibition of Th2 and Th17 Cells.

Li, Peiting / Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man / Kan, Lea Ling-Yu / Hou, Tianheng / Hon, Sharon Sze-Man / Chan, Ben Chung-Lap / Chu, Ida Miu-Ting / Lam, Christopher Wai-Kei / Leung, Ping-Chung / Wong, Chun-Kwok

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 27, Issue 1

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent allergic disease induced by immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction at the nasal epithelium against inhaled allergens. Previous studies have demonstrated that Pentaherbs formula (PHF), a ... ...

Abstract	Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent allergic disease induced by immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction at the nasal epithelium against inhaled allergens. Previous studies have demonstrated that Pentaherbs formula (PHF), a modified herbal formula comprising five herbal medicines (
MeSH term(s)	Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Herbal Medicine ; Immunologic Factors/chemistry ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Immunomodulation/drug effects ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Mice ; Nasal Lavage Fluid/immunology ; Nasal Mucosa/drug effects ; Nasal Mucosa/immunology ; Nasal Mucosa/metabolism ; Ovalbumin/administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; Rhinitis, Allergic/drug therapy ; Rhinitis, Allergic/etiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic/pathology ; Spleen/drug effects ; Spleen/immunology ; Spleen/metabolism ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism ; Th2 Cells/drug effects ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Allergens ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines ; Immunologic Factors ; Plant Extracts ; Ovalbumin (9006-59-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27010239
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