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  1. Article ; Online: Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly (OHVIRA) - A Fetal Autopsy Case.

    Chan, Elaine S / Stefanovici, Camelia

    Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 593–596

    Abstract: Background: Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by uterus didelphys, unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal anomaly.: Case: Autopsy performed on a third trimester ... ...

    Abstract Background: Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by uterus didelphys, unilateral obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal anomaly.
    Case: Autopsy performed on a third trimester stillborn fetus unexpectedly revealed uterine didelphys, an obstructed left hemivagina, and a left pelvic, atrophic, duplex kidney, with both left ureters entering the obstructed left hemivagina. Furthermore, the fetus had an imperforate anus, a single right umbilical artery, and spina bifida occulta.
    Summary and conclusion: Although rare, OHVIRA is a well-documented congenital anomaly. However, prior to this case, there had been no description of OHVIRA in an autopsy or in a fetus. Furthermore, the association of OHVIRA, anorectal malformation, and spinal bifida has never been reported. By sharing this case, we hope to increase the awareness of this entity among perinatal healthcare providers and to help further elucidate genitourinary embryology, which is still not fully understood.
    MeSH term(s) Abnormalities, Multiple ; Autopsy ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Kidney/abnormalities ; Kidney Diseases/congenital ; Pregnancy ; Syndrome ; Uterus/abnormalities ; Vagina/abnormalities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 1325079-6
    ISSN 1873-4332 ; 1083-3188
    ISSN (online) 1873-4332
    ISSN 1083-3188
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.02.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Is this food healthy? The impact of lay beliefs and contextual cues on food healthiness perception and consumption.

    Chan, Elaine / Zhang, Lijun Shirley

    Current opinion in psychology

    2022  Volume 46, Page(s) 101348

    Abstract: Is this food healthy? Understanding how individuals evaluate food healthiness is important because their evaluation can affect their food choices and consumption quantities, potentially leading to obesity and other health problems. However, individuals ... ...

    Abstract Is this food healthy? Understanding how individuals evaluate food healthiness is important because their evaluation can affect their food choices and consumption quantities, potentially leading to obesity and other health problems. However, individuals often find it difficult to process the health information to evaluate food healthiness, so they rely on their intuition or lay beliefs to make the judgment. This article reviews recent empirical findings to highlight how individuals use lay beliefs based on sensory cues (e.g., visual, taste) and cognitive cues (e.g., nutrition label, price) to infer food healthiness and how this perception of food healthiness affects their food consumption. We conclude by discussing possible future opportunities in lay beliefs and food perception.
    MeSH term(s) Cues ; Food Preferences/psychology ; Health Status ; Humans ; Obesity ; Perception
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2831565-0
    ISSN 2352-2518 ; 2352-250X ; 2352-250X
    ISSN (online) 2352-2518 ; 2352-250X
    ISSN 2352-250X
    DOI 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101348
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Massive ascites and severe pulmonary hypoplasia in a premature infant with meconium peritonitis and congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

    Chan, Elaine S

    Fetal and pediatric pathology

    2019  Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–77

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/genetics ; Digestive System Abnormalities ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/genetics ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Meconium ; Peritonitis/diagnosis ; Peritonitis/genetics ; Respiratory System Abnormalities/complications ; Respiratory System Abnormalities/genetics ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2165508-X
    ISSN 1551-3823 ; 1551-3815 ; 1522-7952
    ISSN (online) 1551-3823
    ISSN 1551-3815 ; 1522-7952
    DOI 10.1080/15513815.2019.1627631
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Maternal Hemoglobin A1c in the Third-Trimester May Underestimate Maternal Hyperglycemia and Its Impact on Offspring in Perinatal Demise Associated With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An Autopsy Case Series.

    Chan, Elaine S / Chadha, Rati / Koning, Lawrence de

    Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 5, Page(s) 472–481

    Abstract: Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent research indicates that HbA1c is reliable in detecting maternal glycemia during the first trimester but may underestimate ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent research indicates that HbA1c is reliable in detecting maternal glycemia during the first trimester but may underestimate glucose intolerance in the late second to third trimesters. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that mothers with GDM, despite apparently normal HbA1c levels in the third trimester, may give birth to infants displaying characteristic features often seen in infants of diabetic mothers with suboptimal glycemic control. This study aimed to describe a case series of autopsy cases involving stillborn or deceased neonates delivered in the third trimester to mothers diagnosed with GDM and having normal HbA1c levels at or around the time of delivery. The primary focus was on identifying and documenting the characteristic features commonly associated with "infants of diabetic mothers" with suboptimal glycemic control in this series of cases.
    Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of autopsy reports from our institution spanning 7.5 years. The study included cases that met the following criteria: (1) stillborn or infants who died in the early neonatal period, delivered in the third trimester; (2) mothers diagnosed with GDM; (3) normal maternal HbA1c levels of ≤6.1% at or around the time of delivery; (4) birthweight or femoral length exceeding the 90th percentile for gestational age; and (5) absence of genetic aberrations. We also examined these cases for other characteristic features associated with "infants of diabetic mothers."
    Results: Ten autopsy cases met our inclusion criteria, including 9 stillbirths and 1 neonatal death. Gestational age at delivery ranged from 32 to 39 weeks (mean: 35.7 weeks). Femoral length exceeded the 90th percentile in all cases, and 6 cases had birthweights above the 90th percentile. Puffy facies were observed in 6 cases. Among the 9 cases with complete autopsies including internal examination, 6 exhibited excess adipose tissue, 4 had cardiomegaly, and 3 showed pancreatic islet hyperplasia. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was detected in 7 cases. No structural abnormalities were noted.
    Discussion: Our findings demonstrated that fetuses and neonates born to mothers with apparently normal HbA1c levels in the third trimester could still display characteristic features commonly observed in infants of diabetic mothers with poor glycemic control, also known as "infants of diabetic mothers." This study underscores the potential of third-trimester maternal HbA1c measurements to underestimate maternal glycemia and its consequential impact on fetal development, as well as the subsequent manifestation of features of "infants of diabetic mothers."
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Diabetes, Gestational/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Autopsy ; Birth Weight ; Hyperglycemia
    Chemical Substances Glycated Hemoglobin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1463498-3
    ISSN 1615-5742 ; 1093-5266
    ISSN (online) 1615-5742
    ISSN 1093-5266
    DOI 10.1177/10935266231194697
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Respiratory care in myotubular myopathy.

    Tan, Hui-Leng / Chan, Elaine

    ERJ open research

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 1

    Abstract: X-linked myotubular myopathy is a neuromuscular condition caused by pathogenic variants in ... ...

    Abstract X-linked myotubular myopathy is a neuromuscular condition caused by pathogenic variants in the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2827830-6
    ISSN 2312-0541
    ISSN 2312-0541
    DOI 10.1183/23120541.00641-2020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: C4d Staining Is Present in Normal Placentas From Pregnancies Prior to Pregnancy Loss Associated With Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis and Is Reduced by Immunomodulatory Therapy in Subsequent Pregnancies.

    Chan, Elaine S / de Koning, Lawrence / Yu, Weiming / Chadha, Rati

    Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 374–387

    Abstract: Introduction: Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and high recurrence risk. Recent studies suggest that CHI may represent a host-vs-graft rejection, and that C4d immunostain can be used as a marker for ...

    Abstract Introduction: Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and high recurrence risk. Recent studies suggest that CHI may represent a host-vs-graft rejection, and that C4d immunostain can be used as a marker for complement activation and antibody-mediated rejection in the CHI.
    Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study focused on 5 fetal autopsy cases associated with CHI (5 index cases) from 5 women. We analyzed placentas from the index cases (fetal autopsy cases associated with CHI) and placentas from the women's previous and subsequent pregnancies. We assessed the presence and extent of CHI and C4d immunostaining in these placentas. We evaluated each available placenta and graded the severity of CHI as either <50% or ≥50%. Additionally, we conducted C4d immunostaining on one representative section from each placenta and graded the staining levels as follows: 0+ for staining <5%; 1+ for staining between 5% and <25%; 2+ for staining between 25% and <75%; and 3+ for staining ≥75%.
    Results: Three of the 5 women had pregnancies prior to their index cases (fetal autopsy cases associated with CHI). Despite the absence of CHI in their initial pregnancies, the placentas displayed positive C4d staining with grades of 1+, 3+, and 3+, respectively. These results suggest the presence of complement activation and antibody-mediated rejection in placentas from their prior pregnancies without CHI. Three of the 5 women received immunomodulatory therapy after experiencing pregnancy losses associated with CHI. After treatment, 2 of these women had live births at 35 and 37 gestational weeks, respectively, while the third had a stillbirth at 25 gestational weeks. The severity of CHI and the degree of C4d staining in the placentas decreased in all 3 cases following immunomodulatory therapies. Specifically, the level of C4d staining decreased from 3+ to 2+, 2+ to 0+, and 3+ to 1+ in these 3 cases, respectively.
    Discussion: In women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss associated with CHI, C4d immunostaining was present in the placentas from their previous non-CHI pregnancies, suggesting activation of the classical complement pathway and antibody-mediated reaction in their prior non-CHI pregnancies before the development of CHI in subsequent pregnancies. Immunomodulatory therapy may improve pregnancy outcomes by reducing complement activation, as shown by the reduction of C4d immunopositivity in the placentas after immunomodulatory treatment. Although we believe that the study provides valuable insights, we acknowledge that there are limitations to the findings. Therefore, to further elucidate the pathogenesis of CHI, additional research efforts with a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach are necessary.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Placenta/pathology ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Placenta Diseases/pathology ; Live Birth
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1463498-3
    ISSN 1615-5742 ; 1093-5266
    ISSN (online) 1615-5742
    ISSN 1093-5266
    DOI 10.1177/10935266231176682
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  7. Article ; Online: Maturation of metastases in peripheral neuroblastic tumors (neuroblastoma) of children.

    Sarnat, Harvey B / Chan, Elaine S / Ng, Denise / Yu, Weiming

    Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

    2023  Volume 82, Issue 10, Page(s) 853–864

    Abstract: Peripheral neuroblastic tumors of childhood exhibit 3 principal neural crest lineages: primitive neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma. They are unique in undergoing maturation of neurons (ganglion cells) and Schwann cells, thereby ... ...

    Abstract Peripheral neuroblastic tumors of childhood exhibit 3 principal neural crest lineages: primitive neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma. They are unique in undergoing maturation of neurons (ganglion cells) and Schwann cells, thereby recapitulating normal fetal neuronal development in the brain. Precision in estimating neurogenesis is enhanced by immunoreactivities of markers of neuronal maturation. Whether organ tissue factors in different sites of metastases influence rates of maturation and whether metastases are similar to their primary neuroblastic tumor are incompletely documented. Four young children, 1 with a mixed primary adrenal tumor and 3 with metastases were studied at surgery or autopsy. Immunocytochemical reactivities included microtubule-associated protein-2, synaptophysin, chromogranin-A, somatostatin, keratan sulfate, vimentin, S-100β protein, and PHOX2B. Primary tumors were non-uniform with regions of either poor or enhanced maturation. Both neuronal and Schwannian lineages were represented in each tumor type but differed in proportions. Bi- or multi-nucleated ganglion cells matured equal to mononuclear forms. Ganglion cell maturation was similar in metastases regardless of the target organ. Metastases resembled primary tumors. Immunocytochemical markers of neuronal and of Schwann cell maturation provide greater diagnostic precision to supplement histological criteria. Interval between diagnosis of primary tumor and metastases, metastatic target tissues, and chemotherapy over an interval of time do not appear to influence neuroblastic or Schwann cell differentiation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Neuroblastoma ; Brain ; Neurons ; Autopsy ; Cell Differentiation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3088-0
    ISSN 1554-6578 ; 0022-3069
    ISSN (online) 1554-6578
    ISSN 0022-3069
    DOI 10.1093/jnen/nlad068
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  8. Article ; Online: Patient Experiences at California Crisis Pregnancy Centers: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Online Crowd-Sourced Reviews, 2010-2019.

    Chan, Elaine / Korotkaya, Yelena / Osadchiy, Vadim / Sridhar, Aparna

    Southern medical journal

    2022  Volume 115, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–151

    Abstract: Objectives: Crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) are nonprofit antiabortion organizations that claim provision of pregnancy resources. With the Reproduction Freedom, Accountability, Comprehensive Care, and Transparency Act repealed, CPCs are no longer ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs) are nonprofit antiabortion organizations that claim provision of pregnancy resources. With the Reproduction Freedom, Accountability, Comprehensive Care, and Transparency Act repealed, CPCs are no longer mandated to share information on state-funded family planning and abortion services. As patients increasingly seek healthcare guidance online, we evaluated crowd-sourced reviews of CPCs using the social networking site Yelp.
    Methods: CPCs were identified with the CPC Map, a geo-based location resource. Of California's 145 CPCs, 84% had Yelp pages, and 619 reviews (2010-2019) were extracted. Thematic codes were individually applied to 220 excerpts and then analyzed in detail using thematic analysis to capture emergent themes related to motivations for and experiences of CPCs. To ensure thematic saturation, we applied a natural language-processing technique called the meaning extraction method to computationally derive themes of discussion from all of the extracted posts.
    Results: Motivations to seek care from CPCs included pregnancy confirmation, gaps in healthcare coverage, parenting and emotional support, and abortion care. A review of experiences reveal that CPC faith-based practice garnered both positive- and negative-based experiences. Reviewers also articulated inaccurate medical information, lack of transparency, and reduced options at CPCs.
    Conclusions: This is the first study to analyze California CPCs using a social media platform. Pregnant patients turn to social media to share experiences about pregnancy resources, to find healthcare providers, and to increase transparency of services. This content provides valuable insight into the concerns of pregnant patients and offers an intimate view of California CPCs at a time when no federal regulations are in place.
    MeSH term(s) Abortion, Induced/methods ; Abortion, Induced/psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; California ; Crisis Intervention/methods ; Crisis Intervention/standards ; Crisis Intervention/statistics & numerical data ; Crowdsourcing/methods ; Crowdsourcing/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Life Change Events ; Motivation ; Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185329-6
    ISSN 1541-8243 ; 0038-4348
    ISSN (online) 1541-8243
    ISSN 0038-4348
    DOI 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001353
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Evaluating the frequency of crisis pregnancy center visits among a population of patients seeking abortions in Los Angeles.

    Korotkaya, Yelena / Chen, Angela Y / Steward, Rachel / Chan, Elaine Y / Schmidt, Elizabeth O / Gipson, Jessica D

    Contraception

    2023  Volume 123, Page(s) 110024

    Abstract: Objectives: Studies have illustrated crisis pregnancy centers' (CPC) disingenuous practices regarding abortion services. We evaluated the proportion of patients who visited a CPC before their abortion in Los Angeles.: Study design: Patients attending ...

    Abstract Objectives: Studies have illustrated crisis pregnancy centers' (CPC) disingenuous practices regarding abortion services. We evaluated the proportion of patients who visited a CPC before their abortion in Los Angeles.
    Study design: Patients attending one of two abortion clinics between July 2019 and March 2020 were recruited for a survey that examined patient characteristics and locations of care.
    Results: Five hundred eleven respondents participated (62% response rate). Less than 1% of individuals visited a CPC before their abortion. Fifty-three percent of survey respondents obtained their abortion within one visit, 39% within two unique clinic visits, and eight percent visited three or more clinics.
    Conclusion: CPC visits before abortion were uncommon in our patient population.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Los Angeles ; Abortion, Induced ; Ambulatory Care Facilities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80106-9
    ISSN 1879-0518 ; 0010-7824
    ISSN (online) 1879-0518
    ISSN 0010-7824
    DOI 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110024
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  10. Article ; Online: Extrahepatic biliary atresia in a premature neonate with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

    Chan, Elaine S / Abou Mehrem, Ayman / de Koning, Lawrence / Stritzke, Amelie / Zhou, Hong Yuan

    Pathology

    2023  Volume 55, Issue 4, Page(s) 573–576

    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Infant ; Biliary Atresia/diagnosis ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 7085-3
    ISSN 1465-3931 ; 0031-3025
    ISSN (online) 1465-3931
    ISSN 0031-3025
    DOI 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.10.013
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