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Article ; Online: Correction factors for large-scale greenhouse gas assessment from pulp and paper mill sludge landfill sites.

Ribeiro Paula, Ranieri / Cusson, Mathieu / Bertrand, Normand / Bouchard, Sylvie / Chantigny, Martin H / Lemieux, Julie / Marouani, Emna / Villeneuve, Claude / Faubert, Patrick

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2024 Volume 177, Page(s) 177–181

Abstract: Assessments of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in managed areas are facing various challenges. A non-flow-through, non-steady-state (NFT-NSS) chamber coupled to a frame permanently inserted into the landfilled substrates is a standard method for ... ...

Abstract	Assessments of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in managed areas are facing various challenges. A non-flow-through, non-steady-state (NFT-NSS) chamber coupled to a frame permanently inserted into the landfilled substrates is a standard method for quantifying GHG emissions in managed areas, such as pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) landfill sites. Frequent measurements are needed to minimize uncertainties on GHG emission factors at the landfill site scale. However, maintaining a frame inserted into the substrates for a long time period is often impossible due to landfilling management operations. Therefore, GHG measurements using NFT-NSS chambers placed directly on substrates' surface could be an interesting option. Our objectives were to determine the relationships between CO
MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide ; Greenhouse Gases ; Sewage ; Canada ; Waste Disposal Facilities
Chemical Substances	Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Greenhouse Gases ; Sewage
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.025
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Article: Seasonal changes in the abundance and activity of bacterial and fungal denitrifying communities associated with different compost amendments

Novinscak, Amy / Goyer, Claudia / Wilson, Carolyn / Zebarth, Bernie J. / Burton, David L. / Chantigny, Martin H. / Filion, Martin

Canadian journal of microbiology. 2022, v. 68, no. 2

2022

Abstract: Composts can be efficient organic amendments in potato culture as they can supply carbon and nutrients to the soil. However, more information is required on the effects of composts on denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions (N₂O) and emission- ... ...

Abstract	Composts can be efficient organic amendments in potato culture as they can supply carbon and nutrients to the soil. However, more information is required on the effects of composts on denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions (N₂O) and emission-producing denitrifying communities. The effects of three compost amendments (municipal source separated organic waste compost (SSOC), forestry waste mixed with poultry manure compost (FPMC), and forestry residues compost (FRC)) on fungal and bacterial denitrifying communities and activity was examined in an agricultural field cropped to potatoes during the fall, spring, and summer seasons. The denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), N₂O emissions, and respiration were measured in parallel. N₂O emission rates were greater in FRC-amended soils in the fall and summer, whereas soil respiration was highest in the SSOC-amended soil in the fall. A large number of nirK denitrifying fungal transcripts were detected in the fall, coinciding with compost application, while the greatest nirK bacterial transcripts were measured in the summer when plants were actively growing. Denitrifying community and transcript levels were poor predictors of DEA, N₂O emissions, or respiration rates in compost-amended soil. Overall, the sampling date was driving the population and activity levels of the three denitrifying communities under study.
Keywords	agricultural land ; carbon ; composted manure ; denitrification ; enzyme activity ; forestry ; fungi ; nitrous oxide ; plant residues ; potatoes ; poultry manure ; soil ; soil respiration ; spring ; summer
Language	English
Size	p. 91-102.
Publishing place	NRC Research Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280534-0
ISSN	1480-3275 ; 0008-4166
ISSN (online)	1480-3275
ISSN	0008-4166
DOI	10.1139/cjm-2021-0256
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Article ; Online: Evidencing overwinter loss of residual organic and clay-fixed nitrogen from spring-applied, 15N-labelled pig slurry

Chantigny, Martin H. / Angers, Denis A. / Rochette, Philippe / Pomar, Candido / Pelster, David E.

Canadian Journal of Soil Science

2023

Keywords	nitrogen ; clay ; slurry
Publishing date	2023-03-10T14:35:31Z
Publisher	Agricultural Institute of Canada
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil C and N fractions in a corn–soybean rotation

St. Luce, Mervin / Ziadi, Noura / Chantigny, Martin H. / Braun, Justin

Canadian journal of soil science. 2021 Dec. 13, v. 102, no. 2

2021

Abstract: Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but their interactive effects remain contradictory. A long-term (25 yr) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation was used to investigate the effect ...

Abstract	Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but their interactive effects remain contradictory. A long-term (25 yr) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation was used to investigate the effect of tillage [moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT)] and N rates (0, 80, and 160 kg N·ha⁻¹) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (STN), respiration, and SOM fractions [particulate organic matter (POMC, POMN), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOMC, MAOMN), and microbial biomass (MBC, MBN)]. Results indicate that NT had 27% higher SOC and 24% higher STN than MP in the 0–20 cm depth. Furthermore, SOC and STN stocks (0–20 cm) were 22% and 20% higher, respectively, under NT than MP. There was significant stratification under NT, with a rather uniform distribution under MP. The SOM fractions and soil respiration were 28%–275% and 20%–83% higher at the 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths, respectively, under NT than MP. Interestingly, N fertilizer rate or its interaction with tillage had no impact, except for respiration (tillage × N rate and N rate × depth). Hence, while N addition was required for adequate grain production and increased cumulative plant C and N inputs, our findings indicate that the vertical distribution of SOC, STN, and SOM fractions was affected by tillage, thereby influencing resource accessibility and subsequent dynamics of SOM fractions. Taken together, our results support the adoption of NT and judicious use of N fertilizers for enhancing topsoil SOM storage and fertility under humid temperate conditions.
Keywords	Glycine max ; Zea mays ; corn ; fertilizer rates ; microbial biomass ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; no-tillage ; particulate organic matter ; soil organic carbon ; soil respiration ; spatial distribution ; topsoil ; total nitrogen
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1213
Size	p. 277-292.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417254-1
ISSN	1918-1841 ; 0008-4271
ISSN (online)	1918-1841
ISSN	0008-4271
DOI	10.1139/CJSS-2021-0129
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Article: Long-term effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil C and N fractions in a corn–soybean rotation

St. Luce, Mervin / Ziadi, Noura / Chantigny, Martin H. / Braun, Justin

Canadian journal of soil science. 2021 Dec. 13, v. 102, no. 2

2021

Abstract	Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics, but their interactive effects remain contradictory. A long-term (25 yr) corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation was used to investigate the effect of tillage [moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT)] and N rates (0, 80, and 160 kg N·ha⁻¹) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (STN), respiration, and SOM fractions [particulate organic matter (POMC, POMN), mineral-associated organic matter (MAOMC, MAOMN), and microbial biomass (MBC, MBN)]. Results indicate that NT had 27% higher SOC and 24% higher STN than MP in the 0–20 cm depth. Furthermore, SOC and STN stocks (0–20 cm) were 22% and 20% higher, respectively, under NT than MP. There was significant stratification under NT, with a rather uniform distribution under MP. The SOM fractions and soil respiration were 28%–275% and 20%–83% higher at the 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths, respectively, under NT than MP. Interestingly, N fertilizer rate or its interaction with tillage had no impact, except for respiration (tillage × N rate and N rate × depth). Hence, while N addition was required for adequate grain production and increased cumulative plant C and N inputs, our findings indicate that the vertical distribution of SOC, STN, and SOM fractions was affected by tillage, thereby influencing resource accessibility and subsequent dynamics of SOM fractions. Taken together, our results support the adoption of NT and judicious use of N fertilizers for enhancing topsoil SOM storage and fertility under humid temperate conditions.
Keywords	Glycine max ; Zea mays ; corn ; fertilizer rates ; microbial biomass ; nitrogen ; nitrogen fertilizers ; no-tillage ; particulate organic matter ; soil organic carbon ; soil respiration ; spatial distribution ; topsoil ; total nitrogen
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1213
Size	p. 277-292.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417254-1
ISSN	1918-1841 ; 0008-4271
ISSN (online)	1918-1841
ISSN	0008-4271
DOI	10.1139/cjss-2021-0129
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Reduced tillage increased growing season N2O emissions from a fine but not a coarse textured soil under the cool, humid climate of eastern Canada

Pelster, David E / Chantigny, Martin H / Royer, Isabelle / Angers, Denis A / Vanasse, Anne

Soil & tillage research. 2021 Feb., v. 206

2021

Abstract: Reduced tillage is often promoted as a method to sequester carbon (C) in soils and thus mitigate climate change. However, in certain conditions reduced tillage may increase soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes, which may negate any climate gains from the ... ...

Abstract	Reduced tillage is often promoted as a method to sequester carbon (C) in soils and thus mitigate climate change. However, in certain conditions reduced tillage may increase soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes, which may negate any climate gains from the potential storage of C in soil. To investigate how long-term applications of different manures interact with tillage effects on N₂O fluxes during the crop rotation, we established a long-term trial in 2009 in eastern Canada, using two tillage (inversion tillage [IT]; and reduced tillage [RT],) and three fertilizer types (pig slurry, dairy slurry and a 0-N control) arranged in a split-plot design with 3 replications. The experiment was reproduced on two contrasting soil textures (silty clay and sandy loam) located approximately 900 m apart in a wheat-corn-soybean rotation. During 2016 (wheat), 2017 (corn), and 2018 (soybean) we estimated the N₂O fluxes from each plot using manual static chambers for the growing season (April to November). Mean cumulative fluxes for the growing season ranged from 0.8 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ for the corn/control/IT to 7.6 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ for the wheat/dairy slurry/RT in the silty clay soils and from 0.4 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ for the corn/control/IT to 3.0 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ in the corn/pig slurry/RT in the sandy loam soils. The RT increased soil N₂O fluxes for both slurry types and the control in the clay soil (mean flux for all fertilizer treatments over both seasons were 5.5 and 2.4 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹ for the RT and IT, respectively), likely because the higher water content in the RT caused greater denitrification; while on the sandy loam the N₂O flux was similar between the two tillage systems. Manure type had no measurable effect on the growing season N₂O fluxes in either soil type as both provided sufficient labile N. Application of both slurries however, resulted in greater emissions than the control (P = 0.002). These findings suggest that RT on fine-textured soils in this region may not be an effective strategy to reduce GHG emissions.
Keywords	carbon sequestration ; clay soils ; climate change ; coarse-textured soils ; conventional tillage ; corn ; crop rotation ; dairy manure ; denitrification ; experimental design ; fertilizers ; humid zones ; nitrous oxide ; pig manure ; reduced tillage ; research ; sandy loam soils ; silty clay soils ; slurries ; soybeans ; water content ; wheat ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-02
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	406698-4
ISSN	0167-1987
ISSN	0167-1987
DOI	10.1016/j.still.2020.104833
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Coarse mineral-associated organic matter is a pivotal fraction for SOM formation and is sensitive to the quality of organic inputs

Samson, Marie-Élise / Chantigny, Martin H / Vanasse, Anne / Menasseri-Aubry, Safya / Angers, Denis A

Soil biology & biochemistry. 2020 Oct., v. 149

2020

Abstract: Recent models of soil organic matter (SOM) formation propose that the coarse mineral-associated fraction (coarse-MAOM) could be a pivotal fraction bridging the gap between fresh organic matter inputs and stabilized, mineral-associated SOM. However, ... ...

Abstract	Recent models of soil organic matter (SOM) formation propose that the coarse mineral-associated fraction (coarse-MAOM) could be a pivotal fraction bridging the gap between fresh organic matter inputs and stabilized, mineral-associated SOM. However, little is known about the effect of organic input chemistry and soil texture on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics of this fraction. We studied SOM dynamics in a factorial field experiment comparing 10 combinations of crop residue management (retained or exported) with different fertilizer sources, including solid poultry, liquid dairy and liquid swine manure, a mineral fertilizer (NPK), and a control without N (PK) in two soils with contrasted texture. After 9 y of management, we compared the distribution of C and N within the light fraction (LF), the coarse-MAOM, and the fine mineral-associated organic matter fraction (fine-MAOM) of surface (0–5 cm) soil. We found that retention of mature crop residues increased soil C content through an increase in LF and coarse-MAOM but did not influence N content in any fractions. Conversely, the fertilizer source influenced C and N accumulation in the coarse- and fine-MAOM in the silty clay soil where greater values were generally found with poultry and liquid dairy manures. Similar trends were found in the sandy loam soil, but statistically significant differences were only found for C in the coarse-MAOM fraction. The coarse-MAOM fraction had a much lower C:N ratio (15–16) than LF (26–36) and appeared generally responsive to the different organic inputs. Despite its limited size (∼10% of total soil organic carbon), coarse-MAOM appeared to represent a central location for the formation of new SOM and for the accumulation of C and N following fresh organic inputs. We therefore propose that it is considered in models as a pivotal fraction of SOM formation in arable soils.
Keywords	biochemistry ; carbon nitrogen ratio ; crop residue management ; field experimentation ; liquids ; mineral fertilizers ; nitrogen ; nitrogen content ; pig manure ; poultry ; sandy loam soils ; silty clay soils ; soil organic carbon ; soil texture ; texture
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	280810-9
ISSN	0038-0717
ISSN	0038-0717
DOI	10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107935
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Combining perennial grass–legume forages and liquid dairy manure contributes to nitrogen accumulation in a clayey soil

D’Amours, Emmanuelle / Chantigny, Martin H. / Vanasse, Anne / Maillard, Émilie / Lafond, Jean / Angers, Denis A.

Canadian journal of soil science. 2021 Mar. 4, v. 101, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Repeated applications of liquid dairy manure (LDM) and perennial crops generally favor nitrogen (N) stocks in soils, but in ways that may differ with soil type and other management practices. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term (21 yr) ...

Abstract	Repeated applications of liquid dairy manure (LDM) and perennial crops generally favor nitrogen (N) stocks in soils, but in ways that may differ with soil type and other management practices. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term (21 yr) changes in soil N stocks (0–50 cm) of a silty clay soil, in a cool humid climate, in response to mineral fertilization (MIN) or LDM, combined with two tillage practices [chisel plow (CP), or moldboard plow (MP)], and two crop rotations [cereal monoculture (monoculture) or cereal–perennial forage rotation (forage-based rotation)]. The forage-based rotation favoured a greater accumulation of N in the first 20 cm of soil (+50 kg N·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹) when compared with the monoculture. Tillage practices did not impact N stocks in the whole soil profile, but influenced its vertical distribution, with greater accumulation at the surface with CP, and at depth with MP. Annual input of LDM increased N stocks at the surface (0–20 cm) compared with MIN, especially when combined with the forage-based rotation. After 21 yr, soil N stocks (0–50 cm) with LDM were 32% (+2 t N·ha⁻¹) higher in the forage-based rotation than in the monoculture, suggesting better retention and more efficient use of manure-N with perennial forages than cereals. Comparisons between the N mass balance computed for each cropping system, and the changes in soil N stocks indicated that accumulation of N under the forage-based rotation was largely due to symbiotic fixation by legumes in the forage mixture.
Keywords	clay soils ; dairy manure ; forage ; humid zones ; liquids ; nitrogen ; silty clay soils ; soil profiles ; spatial distribution ; tillage
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0304
Size	p. 378-388.
Publishing place	Canadian Science Publishing
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417254-1
ISSN	1918-1841 ; 0008-4271
ISSN (online)	1918-1841
ISSN	0008-4271
DOI	10.1139/cjss-2020-0132
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Root recovery and elemental composition in a perennial grass as affected by soaking conditions

Thivierge, Marie‐Noëlle / Royer, Isabelle / Halde, Caroline / Chantigny, Martin H. / Bélanger, Gilles / Lachance, Chantal / Lavergne, Stéphanie

Agronomy journal. 2021 Sept., v. 113, no. 5

2021

Abstract: Roots of perennial grasses, with their fibrous architecture, are difficult to separate from the surrounding soil. We assessed the effect of five soaking solutions (sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [disodium ... ...

Abstract	Roots of perennial grasses, with their fibrous architecture, are difficult to separate from the surrounding soil. We assessed the effect of five soaking solutions (sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [disodium EDTA], distilled water, and sodium hexametaphosphate) and three soaking durations (15 min, 2 h, and 16 h) on root recovery and root elemental composition, with and without a mathematical correction for residual soil adhering to roots. Roots were collected by soil coring in a timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward on a loam soil. After soaking, roots were washed, digitized, and analyzed for elemental composition. Soaking duration did not affect root mass and length, but the 16‐h duration resulted in the lowest ash concentration (136.7 vs. 146.4 g kg–¹ dry matter [DM] on average across shorter durations), indicating a lower contamination by soil. The greatest root recovery was obtained with sodium bicarbonate (0.118 vs. 0.101 g DM core–¹ on average across other solutions). Sodium hexametaphosphate led to the lowest root ash and element concentrations but left a P residue on the roots. Distilled water did not impair root cell integrity and led to a similar root recovery as sodium chloride, disodium EDTA, and sodium hexametaphosphate. A mathematical correction improved the estimates of (a) root mass for all soaking solutions and (b) root elemental composition for elements with higher concentrations in soils than in roots. Soaking solutions should be chosen as a function of the study objectives because of the trade‐off between root recovery and contamination by adhering soil.
Keywords	EDTA (chelating agent) ; Phleum pratense ; agronomy ; elemental composition ; loam soils ; perennial grasses ; plant root cells ; roots ; sodium ; sodium bicarbonate ; sodium chloride ; sward
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Size	p. 3952-3967.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410332-4
ISSN	1435-0645 ; 0002-1962
ISSN (online)	1435-0645
ISSN	0002-1962
DOI	10.1002/agj2.20821
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Response of subsurface C and N stocks dominates the whole-soil profile response to agricultural management practices in a cool, humid climate

Samson, Marie-Elise / Chantigny, Martin H. / Vanasse, Anne / Menasseri-Aubry, Safya / Royer, Isabelle / Angers, Denis A.

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2021 Oct., v. 320 p.107590-

2021

Abstract: Subsoil contains about half of the soil organic carbon (C) at the global scale. However, C and nitrogen (N) in the subsoil are assumed to be relatively stable, and their response to agricultural management practices is uncertain. This study compared the ... ...

Abstract	Subsoil contains about half of the soil organic carbon (C) at the global scale. However, C and nitrogen (N) in the subsoil are assumed to be relatively stable, and their response to agricultural management practices is uncertain. This study compared the effect of 20 different management systems, combining two tillage regimes (inversion tillage vs minimum tillage), two crop residue managements (retained vs harvested) and five different fertilizer sources (liquid swine manure, liquid dairy manure, solid poultry manure, complete mineral fertilizer (NPK) and a no-N control (PK)) on C and N stocks of two Brunisols with contrasting textures (sandy loam and silty clay). We compared C and N stocks of multiple soil layers (0–15, 15–30, 30–45 and 45–60 cm depths) on the 8th year of this field trial. Overall, stock differences among management systems were relatively small in the top 15 cm, varying from 0.36 to 0.76 kg C m⁻² and 0.01–0.04 kg N m⁻². In subsurface soil layers (15–30, 30–45 and 45–60 cm), however, management practices considerably influenced C and N stocks (differences of up to 3.9 kg C m⁻² and 0.3 kg N m⁻² between treatments) in ways different than those observed in the topsoil. In the subsurface (> 15 cm) layers of the sandy loam soil, systems combining inversion tillage, residue retention, and liquid animal manure (especially swine manure) resulted in the greatest C and N stocks. Conversely, in systems combining inversion tillage and mineral fertilizer, C and N stocks in the subsurface layers were higher when residues were harvested than when they were not. Subsurface C and N stocks therefore appeared to be particularly responsive to different combinations of fertilizer sources and residue management practices under inversion tillage in the coarse-textured sandy loam soil. In the silty clay, irrespective of tillage treatments, N stocks were the highest in the 30–45 cm layer when residues were harvested, and liquid swine manure was used. Ultimately, management-differences in subsurface C and N stocks were so large compared to those in the topsoil, that they dominated the response of the whole soil profile to management practices in both soil types. These results demonstrate that subsurface C and N dynamics must be considered and that recommendation for C stock management in agricultural soils should include deep soil layers, at least under certain pedoclimatic conditions.
Keywords	agricultural management ; agriculture ; conventional tillage ; crop residues ; dairy manure ; environment ; field experimentation ; humid zones ; liquids ; mineral fertilizers ; minimum tillage ; nitrogen ; pig manure ; poultry manure ; sandy loam soils ; silty clay soils ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; subsoil ; subsurface soil layers ; topsoil ; Organic matter ; Agricultural soils ; Tillage ; Animal manure ; Nitrogen stocks
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	602345-9
ISSN	1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
ISSN (online)	1873-2305
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2021.107590
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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