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  1. Article ; Online: Adult self-reported childhood maltreatment types are associated with treatment satisfaction and alcohol relapse in patients with comorbid substance use and mental health disorders.

    Luciani, Karling R / Johal, Priya K / Chao, Thomas / Thiessen, Karina A / Schütz, Christian G

    The American journal on addictions

    2024  

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Individuals with comorbid substance use and mental health disorders (concurrent disorders; CD) report poor treatment outcomes, high prevalence of childhood maltreatment, and mostly negative experiences with treatment. No ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Individuals with comorbid substance use and mental health disorders (concurrent disorders; CD) report poor treatment outcomes, high prevalence of childhood maltreatment, and mostly negative experiences with treatment. No studies to date have examined childhood maltreatment and treatment outcomes in CD. This study investigated self-reported childhood maltreatment as it relates to treatment satisfaction and substance use relapse among CD patients.
    Methods: The 258 CD inpatients completed a self-report questionnaire package, comprising the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Inpatient Consumer Survey (ICS). Childhood maltreatment was assessed according to five subtypes and self-perceived treatment satisfaction was rated across six ICS domains. Psychiatric diagnoses, substance use status and relapse data were retrieved via patient medical charts.
    Results: Emotional neglect was associated with lower ratings across all ICS domains and physical neglect was associated with a lower rating for 'outcome of care'. Childhood sexual abuse was associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol relapse. No other relationships were statistically significant.
    Discussion and conclusions: The presence of childhood neglect (but not abuse) was more associated with overall treatment dissatisfaction, and sexual abuse alone increased the likelihood of alcohol relapse. These findings suggest some early adverse experiences in CD patients may increase negative experiences in treatment while others contribute to the risk of substance use. Broader longitudinal research is needed to examine the trajectory leading to negative outcomes.
    Scientific significance: This is the first study to report differential patterns of association by type of childhood maltreatment on negative outcomes in treatment among CD patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1141440-6
    ISSN 1521-0391 ; 1055-0496
    ISSN (online) 1521-0391
    ISSN 1055-0496
    DOI 10.1111/ajad.13535
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Associations of the P300 Event-Related Potentials and Self-Reported Craving in Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review.

    Epp, Tanisse / Skrenes, Asal / Chao, Thomas / Krigolson, Olave E / Schütz, Christian G

    European addiction research

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 6, Page(s) 406–416

    Abstract: Introduction: The phenomenon of craving and attention bias towards drug cues is theorized to operate cooperatively, owing to the principles of associative learning. In this context, the conditioned response to drug-related stimuli activates reward ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The phenomenon of craving and attention bias towards drug cues is theorized to operate cooperatively, owing to the principles of associative learning. In this context, the conditioned response to drug-related stimuli activates reward mechanisms within the brain, consequently inducing craving and fostering the underlying mechanisms that contribute to relapse in individuals with substance use disorders. Multiple studies have assessed the relationship between attention to substance-related cues and subjective craving through electroencephalography (EEG), but their findings have yet to be synthesized and examined. This review summarizes the association between the amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) and substance use craving, compares discrepancies in results by type of substance, and discusses gaps in the literature to inform future research.
    Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases. Studies were published in English and included peer-reviewed human research investigating the relationship between EEG P300 ERP and self-reported substance use craving. The included study samples comprised of in treatment or non-treatment-seeking participants who use substances. The primary outcomes of interest were those derived from inferential statistics assessing P300 amplitude and substance use craving.
    Results: Ten studies were included in the final search and were organized by substance type: three alcohol, three cocaine, two tobacco, one heroin, and one cannabis. Results were mixed for alcohol and cocaine. Studies on tobacco, heroin, and cannabis use were congruent for associations between the P300 amplitude and craving.
    Conclusions: Overall findings are mixed between studies addressing the association of the EEG P300 amplitude and craving. These results should be considered in the context of the limited sample size, underpowered analyses, and methodological differences that potentially contribute to discrepancies in outcomes. Further research is required to assess the role of craving assessment, EEG methodology, and substance-related factors on the association between P300 amplitude and self-reported craving.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Craving ; Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology ; Self Report ; Heroin ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Cocaine ; Ethanol ; Cues
    Chemical Substances Heroin (70D95007SX) ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1215786-7
    ISSN 1421-9891 ; 1022-6877
    ISSN (online) 1421-9891
    ISSN 1022-6877
    DOI 10.1159/000533147
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  3. Article ; Online: Laboratory method to induce state boredom increases impulsive choice in people who use cocaine and controls.

    Chao, Thomas / Todman, McWelling / Foltin, Richard W / Evans, Suzette M / Bedi, Gillinder

    The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse

    2023  Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–53

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Boredom ; Choice Behavior ; Cocaine/pharmacology ; Impulsive Behavior ; Delay Discounting ; Cocaine-Related Disorders
    Chemical Substances Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193086-2
    ISSN 1097-9891 ; 0095-2990
    ISSN (online) 1097-9891
    ISSN 0095-2990
    DOI 10.1080/00952990.2023.2248544
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  4. Article ; Online: Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers.

    Xia, Richard J / Chao, Thomas / Patel, Divya / Bedi, Gillinder

    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 7, Page(s) 833–840

    Abstract: Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress ... ...

    Abstract Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs).
    Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol.
    Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding.
    Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Male ; Marijuana Smoking/physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Saliva ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639313-5
    ISSN 1461-7285 ; 0269-8811
    ISSN (online) 1461-7285
    ISSN 0269-8811
    DOI 10.1177/0269881120972337
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  5. Article ; Online: How can we optimally channel therapeutic optimism to advance pharmacotherapy research on cocaine use disorder?

    Brandt, Laura / Chao, Thomas / Comer, Sandra D / Levin, Frances R

    Addiction (Abingdon, England)

    2021  Volume 116, Issue 4, Page(s) 715–717

    MeSH term(s) Cocaine ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders
    Chemical Substances Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1141051-6
    ISSN 1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
    ISSN (online) 1360-0443
    ISSN 0965-2140
    DOI 10.1111/add.15423
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  6. Article: Changes in Loss Sensitivity During Treatment in Concurrent Disorders Inpatients: A Computational Model Approach to Assessing Risky Decision-Making.

    Todesco, Stefanie / Chao, Thomas / Schmid, Laura / Thiessen, Karina A / Schütz, Christian G

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 794014

    Abstract: Background: Recent studies have employed computational modeling to characterize deficits in aspects of decision-making not otherwise detected using traditional behavioral task outcomes. While prospect utility-based modeling has shown to differentiate ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recent studies have employed computational modeling to characterize deficits in aspects of decision-making not otherwise detected using traditional behavioral task outcomes. While prospect utility-based modeling has shown to differentiate decision-making patterns between users of different drugs, its relevance in the context of treatment has yet to be examined. This study investigated model-based decision-making as it relates to treatment outcome in inpatients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.
    Methods: 50 patients (
    Results: Groups were similar in age, sex, and premorbid IQ. Differences in years of education were included as covariates across all group comparisons. All patients had ≥1 mental health diagnosis, with 80% having >1 substance use disorder. On the CGT, patients showed greater Deliberation Time and Delay Aversion than controls. Estimated model parameters revealed higher Delayed Reward Discounting, and lower Probability Distortion and Loss Sensitivity in patients relative to controls. From baseline to follow-up, patients (
    Conclusion: This is the first study to assess a computational model of decision-making in the context of treatment for concurrent disorders. Patients were more impulsive and slower to deliberate choice than controls. While both traditional and computational outcomes predicted treatment adherence in patients, findings suggest computational methods are able to capture treatment-sensitive aspects of decision-making not accessible via traditional methods. Further research is needed to confirm findings as well as investigate the relationship between model-based decision-making and post-treatment outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.794014
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  7. Article ; Online: The potential role of opioid vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in the opioid overdose crisis.

    Martinez, Suky / Harris, Hannah / Chao, Thomas / Luba, Rachel / Pravetoni, Marco / Comer, Sandra D / Jones, Jermaine D

    Expert opinion on investigational drugs

    2023  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 181–185

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Opiate Overdose ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Drug Overdose/prevention & control ; Opioid-Related Disorders
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Antibodies, Monoclonal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1182884-5
    ISSN 1744-7658 ; 0967-8298 ; 1354-3784
    ISSN (online) 1744-7658
    ISSN 0967-8298 ; 1354-3784
    DOI 10.1080/13543784.2023.2187286
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  8. Article ; Online: Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treating cocaine use disorder-what do we have to offer?

    Brandt, Laura / Chao, Thomas / Comer, Sandra D / Levin, Frances R

    Addiction (Abingdon, England)

    2020  Volume 116, Issue 4, Page(s) 694–710

    Abstract: Background: Cocaine use contines to be a significant public health problem world-wide. However, despite substantial research efforts, no pharmacotherapies are approved for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD).: Argument: Studies have ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cocaine use contines to be a significant public health problem world-wide. However, despite substantial research efforts, no pharmacotherapies are approved for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD).
    Argument: Studies have identified positive signals for a range of medications for treating CUD. These include long-acting amphetamine formulations, modafinil, topiramate, doxazosin and combined topiramate and mixed amphetamine salts extended-release (MAS-ER). However, valid conclusions about a medication's clinical efficacy require nuanced approaches that take into account behavioural phenotypes of the target population (frequency of use, co-abuse of cocaine and other substances, genetic subgroups, psychiatric comorbidity), variables related to the medication (dose, short-/long-acting formulations, titration speed, medication adherence) and other factors that may affect treatment outcomes. Meta-analyses frequently do not account for these co-varying factors, which contributes to a somewhat nihilistic view on pharmacotherapeutic options for CUD. In addition, the predominant focus on abstinence, which is difficult for most patients to achieve, may overshadow more nuanced therapeutic signals.
    Conclusion: While there is an emphasis on finding new medications with novel mechanisms of action for treating CUD, currently available medications deserve further investigation based on the existing literature. Evaluating refined metrics of treatment success in well-defined subgroups of patients, and further exploring combination therapies and their synergy with behavioural/psychosocial interventions, are promising avenues to establishing effective therapies for CUD.
    MeSH term(s) Amphetamine ; Cocaine ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Topiramate
    Chemical Substances Topiramate (0H73WJJ391) ; Amphetamine (CK833KGX7E) ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1141051-6
    ISSN 1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
    ISSN (online) 1360-0443
    ISSN 0965-2140
    DOI 10.1111/add.15242
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  9. Article ; Online: Predictors of therapeutic alliance, treatment feedback, and clinical outcomes among African American women in treatment for co-occurring PTSD and SUD.

    Bauer, Alexandria G / Ruglass, Lesia M / Shevorykin, Alina / Saraiya, Tanya C / Robinson, Gabriella / Cadet, Kechna / Julien, Lovelyne / Chao, Thomas / Hien, Denise

    Journal of substance abuse treatment

    2022  Volume 139, Page(s) 108766

    Abstract: Introduction: Black women are at heightened risk for trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders (SUDs), compared to White women and the general population. However, disparities in treatment engagement and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Black women are at heightened risk for trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorders (SUDs), compared to White women and the general population. However, disparities in treatment engagement and retention persist, particularly for Black women with co-occurring PTSD+SUD. Although therapeutic alliance is an important predictor and mediator of treatment retention and outcomes, we know little about predictors of alliance and the mediating role of alliance for PTSD+SUD outcomes among Black women.
    Methods: This study utilized data previously collected for the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) Women and Trauma Study. Participants were 88 Black/African American women (M
    Results: Stepwise, hierarchical linear regressions indicated that years of education and previous alcohol/drug treatment attempts significantly predicted early alliance in the second week of therapy (β = 0.411, p = .021 and β = 0.383, p = .011, respectively), but not late alliance in the last week of therapy (ps > .794). Greater education and more treatment attempts were associated with higher early alliance. Alliance did not mediate relationships between these significant predictors and treatment outcomes (e.g., attendance, post-treatment PTSD and SUD symptoms) or treatment feedback in the Seeking Safety group.
    Conclusions: Education and prior treatment attempts predicted early alliance among Black/African American women in PTSD+SUD group treatment, and higher education level was associated with poorer Seeking Safety feedback topic ratings. Educational level and treatment history should be considered during alliance building in therapeutic interventions with Black women. Clinicians may consider the integration of pre-treatment alliance-building strategies with Black female patients who have lower levels of education. This study provides insight into the relative impact of several important factors that influence early alliance among Black women with co-occurring PTSD+SUD.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Black or African American ; Feedback ; Female ; Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; Therapeutic Alliance ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 605923-5
    ISSN 1873-6483 ; 0740-5472
    ISSN (online) 1873-6483
    ISSN 0740-5472
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108766
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  10. Article ; Online: Astrogliosis marker 11C-SL25.1188 PET in traumatic brain injury with persistent symptoms.

    Koshimori, Yuko / Cusimano, Michael D / Vieira, Erica L / Rusjan, Pablo M / Kish, Stephen J / Vasdev, Neil / Moriguchi, Sho / Boileau, Isabelle / Chao, Thomas / Nasser, Zahra / Ishrat Husain, M / Faiz, Khunsa / Braga, Joeffre / Meyer, Jeffrey H

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2023  Volume 146, Issue 11, Page(s) 4469–4475

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but little is known why up to a third of patients have persisting symptoms. Astrogliosis, a pathophysiological response to brain injury, may be a potential therapeutic target, but demonstration of astrogliosis in ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common but little is known why up to a third of patients have persisting symptoms. Astrogliosis, a pathophysiological response to brain injury, may be a potential therapeutic target, but demonstration of astrogliosis in the brain of humans with TBI and persistent symptoms is lacking. Astroglial marker monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) total distribution volume (11C-SL25.1188 VT), an index of MAO-B density, was measured in 29 TBI and 29 similarly aged healthy control cases with 11C-SL25.1188 PET, prioritizing prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cortex proximal to cortical convexity. Correlations of PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT with psychomotor and processing speed; and serum blood measures implicated in astrogliosis were determined. 11C-SL25.1188 VT was greater in TBI in PFC (P = 0.00064) and cortex (P = 0.00038). PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT inversely correlated with Comprehensive Trail Making Test psychomotor and processing speed (r = -0.48, P = 0.01). In participants scanned within 2 years of last TBI, PFC 11C-SL25.1188 VT correlated with serum glial fibrillary acid protein (r = 0.51, P = 0.037) and total tau (r = 0.74, P = 0.001). Elevated 11C-SL25.1188 VT argues strongly for astrogliosis and therapeutics modifying astrogliosis towards curative phenotypes should be tested in TBI with persistent symptoms. Given substantive effect size, astrogliosis PET markers should be applied to stratify cases and/or assess target engagement for putative therapeutics targeting astrogliosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Carbon Radioisotopes/metabolism ; Gliosis/diagnostic imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism ; Monoamine Oxidase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances SL25.1188 ; Carbon-11 ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Monoamine Oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awad279
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