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Article ; Online: Transformative role of educational funding in shaping national development across SAARC countries in the 21st century

Samina Zamir / Babar Nawaz Abbasi / Lin Yu / Ali Sohail / Chaojun Yang

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 10, Pp e20417- (2023)

A panel NARDL approach

2023

Abstract: Since the beginning of this century, there has been evidence of a rise in educational funding among the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). However, there has been a decline in recent years despite South Asia being a highly ... ...

Abstract	Since the beginning of this century, there has been evidence of a rise in educational funding among the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). However, there has been a decline in recent years despite South Asia being a highly populated and poverty-ridden region. Thus, the present study comes to assess how well the countries are doing in relation to the effect of educational funding on national development indicators, namely economic growth, human capital development, and the unemployment rate among the SAARC countries in the 21st century using Panel Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PNARDL) model formulated in Salisu and Isah (2017). The findings revealed that the impact of educational funding on economic growth and the unemployment rate is an asymmetry in the long run and symmetry in the short run but on the human development index, it is an asymmetry in both terms. However, educational funding is influencing economic growth in the long run, but in the short run is not. Furthermore, educational funding influences human capital development in both terms, but in the long run is negligible. Moreover, educational funding is negligibly discouraging the unemployment rate in both terms.
Keywords	C22 ; H52 ; O40 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	339
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Impact of Empowering Leadership on Job Performance of Higher Education Institutions Employees: Mediating Role of Goal Clarity and Self-Efficacy.

Ahmed, Tanveer / Chaojun, Yang / Hongjuan, Yang / Mahmood, Salman

Psychology research and behavior management

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 677–694

Abstract: Purpose: The main objective of existing research is to assess empowering leadership effects on employees' job performance at the academic level through mediating variables' goal clarity and self-efficacy.: Methods: Data were congregated from 400 ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The main objective of existing research is to assess empowering leadership effects on employees' job performance at the academic level through mediating variables' goal clarity and self-efficacy. Methods: Data were congregated from 400 employees belonging to higher education institutions of Pakistan through research assistants, hired for data collection. Statistical procedures, such as factor analysis via statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS 23), structural equation modeling with bootstrapping via statistical tool analysis of moment structures (AMOS 24), were used to evaluate data and assess the relationship among the constructs. Results: The structural equation modeling analysis uncovered several results. For instance, it shows the positive influence of empowering leadership behaviors on goal clarity, self-efficacy, and employees' job performance. Moreover, the bootstrap investigation showed that goal clarity and self-efficacy mediate empowering leadership behaviors' influence on workers' job performance. Therefore, conferring to existing study results empowering leadership is significantly associated with employees' job performance in the presence of mediators goal clarity and self-efficacy at the academic level of higher education institutions of Sindh, Pakistan. Conclusion: The main research question of existing research is to assess empowering leadership effects on employees' job performance through mediating variables' goal clarity and self-efficacy. To investigate this research question, we have conducted this study and empirically established that empowering leadership can affect employees' job performance with and without mediation. We have also shown empowering leadership as collaborative effects produce advanced levels of self-efficacy, goal clarity, and employees' job performance than either leadership behavior could accomplish by itself.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-17
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2495093-2
ISSN	1179-1578
ISSN	1179-1578
DOI	10.2147/PRBM.S357083
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Trends and influence factors in the prevalence, intervention, and control of metabolic syndrome among US adults, 1999–2018

Chaojun Yang / Xiaocan Jia / Yuping Wang / Jingwen Fan / Chenyu Zhao / Yongli Yang / Xuezhong Shi

BMC Geriatrics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Aim We aimed to describe the trends in the prevalence, intervention, and control of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among US adults through 1999–2018. Additionally, the influence factors of MetS and its control were further explored. Methods We ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Aim We aimed to describe the trends in the prevalence, intervention, and control of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among US adults through 1999–2018. Additionally, the influence factors of MetS and its control were further explored. Methods We included participants older than 20 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 (n = 22,114). The rate of prevalence, intervention, and control of MetS were caculated by survey weights. Joinpoint regression and survey-weighted generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and influence factors, respectively. Results The prevalence of MetS increased from 28.23 to 37.09% during 1999–2018 (P for trend < 0.05). The former smoker (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.36) and current smoker (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.45) increased the prevalence of MetS. While vigorous activity (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.61) decreased it. Among MetS components, the prevalence of elevated blood-glucose (from 21.18 to 34.68%) and obesity (from 44.81 to 59.06%) raised (P for trend < 0.05), with an uptrend in the use of antidiabetic (from 9.87 to 28.63%) and a downtrend of vigorous activity (from 23.79 to 16.53%) (P for trend < 0.05). Decreased trends were observed in the control of Hb1Ac (< 7%) (from 87.13 to 84.06%) and BMI (<25 kg/m2) (from 11.36 to 7.49%). Among MetS underwent antidiabetic, 45–64 years old and male decreased the control of Hb1Ac (< 7%). The control of BMI (<25 kg/m2) among individuals with physical activity was reduced mainly in the population of younger (aged 20–44 years old), male, non-Hispanic black, middle income and smoker (former and current). Conclusions The prevalence of MetS increased significantly through 1999–2018. Elevated blood glucose and obesity were the main causes of MetS burden. Quitting smoking and increasing physical activity may decrease the prevalence of MetS. In the control of blood-glucose and obesity, we should screen out the focus population to modify treatment and improve lifestyle.
Keywords	Metabolic syndrome ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension ; Dyslipidemia ; Obesity ; Geriatrics ; RC952-954.6
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trends and influence factors in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among US adults from 1999 to 2018

Zhixing Fan / Chaojun Yang / Jing Zhang / Yifan Huang / Ying Yang / Ping Zeng / Wanyin Cai / Zujin Xiang / Jingyi Wu / Jian Yang

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 9

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The role of circulating microRNAs in the diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Zhixing Fan / Jian Yang / Chaojun Yang

International Cardiovascular Forum Journal, Vol 3, Pp 42-

2015 Volume 43

Abstract: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as Stress cardiomyopathy, is a primary cardiomyopathy characterized by reversible ventricular wall motion abnormality. Its clinical manifestations are similar to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). So, it could ... ...

Abstract	Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as Stress cardiomyopathy, is a primary cardiomyopathy characterized by reversible ventricular wall motion abnormality. Its clinical manifestations are similar to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). So, it could be difficult to differentiate TTC from AMI in the early phases. The use of cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis of TTC might be of considerable value. Until now, many scholars have discussed some novel cardiac biomarkers. These discussed markers, such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin I (TnI) and creatine kinase MB fraction (CKMB) provide a desirable diagnostic and prognostic value for TTC. However, the above related markers also have their limitations and it may take some time to apply them in routine clinical practice. In view of this, we need to find better biomarkers for use with TTC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of high abundance, evolutionarily conserved, non-coding, small single-stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression through binding on the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. Recently, some discovered miRNAs in body fluids seem promising to be utilized as biomarkers to monitor cardiovascular diseases’ initiation and progression. It is believed that expression of circulating miRNAs may reflect disease pathology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ; RC666-701
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Barcaray International
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: MicroRNA-24 Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Diabetic Rat Carotid Artery Injury Model by Inhibiting Wnt4 Signaling Pathway

Jian Yang / Zhixing Fan / Jun Yang / Jiawang Ding / Chaojun Yang / Lihua Chen

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 17, Iss 6, p

2016 Volume 765

Abstract: The long-term stimulation of hyperglycemia greatly increases the incidence of vascular restenosis (RS) after angioplasty. Neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is the pathological cause of RS, but its mechanism has not been elucidated. MicroRNA-24 ...

Abstract	The long-term stimulation of hyperglycemia greatly increases the incidence of vascular restenosis (RS) after angioplasty. Neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is the pathological cause of RS, but its mechanism has not been elucidated. MicroRNA-24 (miR-24) has low expression in the injured carotid arteries of diabetic rats. However, the role of miR-24 in the vascular system is unknown. In this study, we explore whether over-expression of miR-24 could attenuate neointimal formation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adenovirus (Ad-miR-24-GFP) was used to deliver the miR-24 gene to injured carotid arteries in diabetic rats. The level of neointimal hyperplasia was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in the neointima was evaluated by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The mRNA levels of miR-24, PCNA, wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 4 (Wnt4), disheveled-1 (Dvl-1), β-catenin and cell cycle-associated molecules (Cyclin D1, p21) were determined by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). PCNA, Wnt4, Dvl-1, β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and p21 protein levels were measured by Western blotting analysis. STZ administration decreased plasma insulin and increased fasting blood glucose in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The expression of miR-24 was decreased in the carotid artery after a balloon injury in diabetic rats, and adenoviral transfection (Ad-miR-24-GFP) increased the expression of miR-24. Over-expression of miR-24 suppressed VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in diabetic rats at 14 days. Furthermore, compared with Sham group, the mRNA and protein levels of PCNA, Wnt4, Dvl-1, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 were strikingly up-regulated in the carotid arteries of diabetic rats after a balloon injury. Interestingly, up-regulation of miR-24 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of these above molecules. In contrast, the change trend in p21 mRNA and protein levels was opposite after a balloon injury. However, over-expression of miR-24 after gene delivery increased the mRNA and protein levels of p21. We conclude that over-expression of miR-24 could attenuate VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injuries in diabetic rats. This result is possibly related to the regulation of the expression of Cyclin D1 and p21 through the Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Keywords	hyperglycemia ; carotid artery balloon injury ; vascular restenosis ; vascular smooth muscle cells ; neointimal hyperplasia ; microRNA-24 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610 ; 500
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Demographic characteristics and spatial clusters of recent HIV-1 infections among newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases in Yunnan, China, 2015

Min Chen / Yanling Ma / Huichao Chen / Jie Dai / Hongbing Luo / Chaojun Yang / Lijuan Dong / Xiaomei Jin / Min Yang / Li Yang / Lijun Song / Manhong Jia / Zhizhong Song

BMC Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Background The characteristics of recent HIV infections can provide the information about the dynamics of HIV transmission. Yunnan is one of the provinces hardest-hit by HIV-1 in China. To further understand the characteristics of the HIV-1 ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The characteristics of recent HIV infections can provide the information about the dynamics of HIV transmission. Yunnan is one of the provinces hardest-hit by HIV-1 in China. To further understand the characteristics of the HIV-1 epidemic in Yunnan, we analyzed the prevalence of recent HIV-1 infections among newly diagnosed cases, identified the associated factors and explored the spatial distribution of recent HIV-1 infections. Methods Residual plasma samples from HIV-1 diagnostic tests were preserved. The associated information was collected from China HIV/AIDS case reporting system. Recent HIV-1 infections were estimated by combining the information about disease progression and BED- capture enzyme immunoassay (CEIA). The proportions of recent HIV-1 infections among newly diagnosed cases stratified by demographic characteristics were analyzed. The spatial clusters of recent HIV-1 infections were investigated by spatial scan statistics. Results Among 6119 HIV/AIDS cases were newly reported between January 2015 and June 2015 in Yunnan Province, 9.3% (570/6119) were estimated as recent infections. Female, aged below 25 years and homosexual contact were more associated with the higher proportion of recent HIV-1 infections. Among the different demographic sub-groups, men who have sex with men (MSM) aged < 25 years and ≥ 50 years had a higher chance of being diagnosed as recent infections, heterosexually infected men aged ≥25 years had a lower chance of being diagnosed as recent infections. In the sub-groups with different screening approaches, the highest proportion of recent infections (16.1%) was found among women diagnosed by testing during pregnancy and childbirth. In the sub-groups with different contact histories, the higher proportion of recent infections was found among the female cases having commercial heterosexual contacts (16.4%) and MSM (19.7%). The statistically significant spatial clusters of recent infections attributed to heterosexual contact, homosexual contact and ...
Keywords	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Recent infection ; Spatial cluster ; Yunnan ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Cardioprotective effect of miRNA-22 on hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury in neonatal rats

Yang, Jian / Chaojun Yang / Jiawang Ding / Jing Zhang / Jun Yang / Lihua Chen / Qinqin Yu / Zhixing Fan

Gene. 2016 Mar. 15, v. 579, no. 1

2016

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of pathological and physiological processes in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). Recent studies have revealed that miR-22 might provide a potential cardioprotective effect on ischemic heart ... ...

Abstract	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the regulation of pathological and physiological processes in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). Recent studies have revealed that miR-22 might provide a potential cardioprotective effect on ischemic heart disease. However, the mechanism by which miR-22 prevents MI/R is still not fully clear. Here, we investigated the role of miR-22 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. MI/R was simulated in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with 2h hypoxia followed by 4h reoxygenation. Prior to H/R, cells were transfected by Ad-miR-22 or Ad-scramble. It was revealed that H/R dramatically increased the release of CK and LDH, accompanied by a downregulation of miR-22 expression. Overexpression of miR-22 attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and miR-22 target gene CREB binding protein (CBP) protein level, as determined by flow cytometry analysis and Western blot respectively. We further identified that miR-22 significantly inhibited CBP-related transcriptional factor AP-1 DNA binding activity under H/R. In addition, miR-22 could efficiently change Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) induced by H/R. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-22 plays an important cardioprotective role partly via regulating CBP/AP-1 pathway to reduce cell apoptosis and inflammatory damage during MI/R injury.
Keywords	apoptosis ; binding proteins ; cardiomyocytes ; cardioprotective effect ; DNA ; flow cytometry ; gene overexpression ; genes ; hypoxia ; interleukin-6 ; microRNA ; myocardial ischemia ; neonates ; rats ; transcription factors ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; Western blotting
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0315
Size	p. 17-22.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	391792-7
ISSN	1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
ISSN (online)	1879-0038
ISSN	0378-1119
DOI	10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.037
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: HIV-1 genetic transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China.

Min Chen / Yanling Ma / Huichao Chen / Jie Dai / Lijuan Dong / Chaojun Yang / Youfang Li / Hongbing Luo / Renzhong Zhang / Xiaomei Jin / Li Yang / Allen Ka Loon Cheung / Manhong Jia / Zhizhong Song

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e

2018 Volume 0196548

Abstract: Yunnan has the greatest share of reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in China. In recent years, HIV prevalence and incidence remained stubbornly high in men who have sex with men (MSM). To follow ... ...

Abstract	Yunnan has the greatest share of reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in China. In recent years, HIV prevalence and incidence remained stubbornly high in men who have sex with men (MSM). To follow the dynamics of the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM, HIV-1 genetic characteristics and genetic transmission networks were investigated.Blood samples from 190 newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases among MSM were continuously collected at fixed sites from January 2013 to December 2015 in Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Partial gag, pol and env genes were sequenced and used for phylogenetic and genotypic drug resistance analyses. The genetic characteristics of the predominant HIV-1 strains were analyzed by the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The genetic transmission networks were identified with a genetic distance of 0.03 substitutions/site and 90% bootstrap support.Among the 190 HIV-1 positive MSM reported during 2013-2105, various genotypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (45.3%), CRF07_BC (35.8%), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (11.6%), CRF08_BC (3.2%), CRF55_01B (2.1%), subtype B (1.6%) and CRF59_01B (0.5%). The effective population sizes (EPS) for CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC increased exponentially from approximately 2001-2010 and 2005-2009, respectively. Genetic transmission networks were constructed with 308 pol sequences from MSM diagnosed during 2010-2015. Of the 308 MSM, 109 (35.4%) were identified in 38 distinct clusters. Having multiple male partners was associated with a high probability of identification in the genetic transmission networks. Of the 38 clusters, 27 (71.1%) contained individuals diagnosed in different years. Of the 109 individuals in the networks, 26 (23.9%) had ≥2 potential transmission partners (≥2 links). The proportion of MSM with ≥2 links was higher among those diagnosed from 2010-2012. The constituent ratios of their potential transmission partners by areas showed no significant difference among MSM from Kunming, other cities in Yunnan ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The combination of phylogenetic analysis with epidemiological and serological data to track HIV-1 transmission in a sexual transmission case.

Min Chen / Yanling Ma / Chaojun Yang / Li Yang / Huichao Chen / Lijuan Dong / Jie Dai / Manhong Jia / Lin Lu

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 3, p e

2015 Volume 0119989

Abstract: To investigate the linkage of HIV transmission from a man to a woman through unprotected sexual contact without disclosing his HIV-positive status.Combined with epidemiological information and serological tests, phylogenetic analysis was used to test the ...

Abstract	To investigate the linkage of HIV transmission from a man to a woman through unprotected sexual contact without disclosing his HIV-positive status.Combined with epidemiological information and serological tests, phylogenetic analysis was used to test the a priori hypothesis of HIV transmission from the man to the woman. Control subjects, infected with HIV through heterosexual intercourse, from the same location were also sampled. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the consensus gag, pol and env sequences obtained from blood samples of the man, the woman and the local control subjects. The env quasispecies of the man, the woman, and two controls were also obtained using single genome amplification and sequencing (SGA/S) to explore the paraphyletic relationship by phylogenetic analysis.Epidemiological information and serological tests indicated that the man was infected with HIV-1 earlier than the woman. Phylogenetic analyses of the consensus sequences showed a monophyletic cluster for the man and woman in all three genomic regions. Furthermore, gag sequences of the man and woman shared a unique recombination pattern from subtype B and C, which was different from those of CRF07_BC or CRF08_BC observed in the local samples. These indicated that the viral sequences from the two subjects display a high level of similarity. Further, viral quasispecies from the man exhibited a paraphyletic relationship with those from the woman in the Bayesian and maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees of the env region, which supported the transmission direction from the man to the woman.In the context of epidemiological and serological evidence, the results of phylogenetic analyses support the transmission from the man to the woman.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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