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  1. Article ; Online: Ecological inferences on invasive carp survival using hydrodynamics and egg drift models.

    Xu, Ruichen / Chapman, Duane C / Elliott, Caroline M / Call, Bruce C / Jacobson, Robert B / Wang, Binbin

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 9556

    Abstract: Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (H. molitrix), black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), are invasive species in North America. However, they hold significant economic importance as food sources ...

    Abstract Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (H. molitrix), black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), are invasive species in North America. However, they hold significant economic importance as food sources in China. The drifting stage of carp eggs has received great attention because egg survival rate is strongly affected by river hydrodynamics. In this study, we explored egg-drift dynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to infer potential egg settling zones based on mechanistic criteria from simulated turbulence in the Lower Missouri River. Using an 8-km reach, we simulated flow characteristics with four different discharges, representing 45-3% daily flow exceedance. The CFD results elucidate the highly heterogeneous spatial distribution of flow velocity, flow depth, turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), and the dissipation rate of TKE. The river hydrodynamics were used to determine potential egg settling zones using criteria based on shear velocity, vertical turbulence intensity, and Rouse number. Importantly, we examined the difference between hydrodynamic-inferred settling zones and settling zones predicted using an egg-drift transport model. The results indicate that hydrodynamic inference is useful in determining the 'potential' of egg settling, however, egg drifting paths should be taken into account to improve prediction. Our simulation results also indicate that the river turbulence does not surpass the laboratory-identified threshold to pose a threat to carp eggs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carps/physiology ; Hydrodynamics ; Rivers ; Introduced Species ; Ovum/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-60189-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Movement ecology of diploid and triploid grass carp in a large reservoir and upstream tributaries.

    Hessler, Tyler M / Chapman, Duane C / Paukert, Craig P / Jolley, Jeffrey C / Byrne, Michael E

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0281128

    Abstract: Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, is an herbivorous fish originally brought to North America from Asia in 1963 to control nuisance aquatic vegetation. Since their arrival, detrimental alterations to aquatic ecosystems have sometimes occurred in ... ...

    Abstract Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, is an herbivorous fish originally brought to North America from Asia in 1963 to control nuisance aquatic vegetation. Since their arrival, detrimental alterations to aquatic ecosystems have sometimes occurred in waterways where they were initially stocked and into which they have escaped. The movements of grass carp from lentic systems into tributaries required for spawning is poorly understood, and understanding environmental conditions associated with upstream migrations may aid in management of the species. We stocked 43 fertile diploid and 43 sterile triploid grass carp implanted with acoustic transmitters into Truman Reservoir, Missouri, USA between January 2017 and October 2018 to characterize movements during spring and summer when spawning conditions occur. Twenty fish (11 diploid/9 triploid) exhibited upstream migration behavior in the Osage River, a major tributary, in 2018 and 2019. Migration primarily occurred in April and May, during high discharge events associated with increasing river stage when water temperatures were between 15 and 28°C. Observed migrations ranged from 3.0-108 river km in length, and six individuals were observed making multiple upstream migrations in one season. Eleven fish initiated upstream migrations while in the lentic main body of the reservoir. These findings provide some evidence for upstream migrations by diploid and triploid grass carp as well both lake and river residents. Evidence of similar upstream migration behavior by both diploid and triploid grass carp suggests that triploids may be suitable surrogates for diploids for study of movement ecology. Removal efforts in tributaries targeting periods of increasing river stage during spring may provide the best opportunity of encountering large concentrations of grass carp.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diploidy ; Carps/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Triploidy ; Ecology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0281128
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Conference proceedings: Proceedings of the first international snakehead symposium

    Chapman, Duane C / Odenkirk, John S

    held in Alexandria, Virginia, July 17-19, 2018

    (American Fisheries Society symposium, ; 89)

    2019  

    Title variant Proceedings of the 1st international snakehead symposium
    Institution American Fisheries Society,
    Event/congress International Snakehead Symposium (1st, 2018, AlexandriaVirginia)
    Author's details edited by John S. Odenkirk and Duane C. Chapman
    Series title American Fisheries Society symposium, ; 89
    Keywords Snakeheads (Fish)
    Language English
    Size x, 261 pages :, illustrations (some color), tables, graphs, maps (some color) ;, 27 cm.
    Document type Book ; Conference proceedings
    ISBN 1934874582 ; 9781934874585
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluations of Lagrangian egg drift models: From a laboratory flume to large channelized rivers

    Li, Geng / Elliott, Caroline M. / Call, Bruce C. / Chapman, Duane C. / Jacobson, Robert B. / Wang, Binbin

    Ecological Modelling. 2023 Jan., v. 475 p.110200-

    2023  

    Abstract: To help better interpret computational models in predicting drift of carp eggs in rivers, we present a series of model assessments for the longitudinal egg dispersion. Two three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking models, SDrift and FluEgg, are ... ...

    Abstract To help better interpret computational models in predicting drift of carp eggs in rivers, we present a series of model assessments for the longitudinal egg dispersion. Two three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking models, SDrift and FluEgg, are evaluated in a series of channels with increasing complexity. The model evaluation demonstrates that both models are able to accommodate channel complexity and provide a wide range of dispersion coefficients: Kl=O(1−100)Hu∗ with H being water depth and u∗ being shear velocity. In a straight channel with Kl=O(1)Hu∗, SDrift predicts weaker longitudinal dispersion than FluEgg in the early stage as a result of weak vertical mixing associated with smooth wall turbulence. With sufficient time, SDrift and FluEgg predict similar egg dispersion, accounting for the differential advection due to the vertical velocity profile. In an idealized curved channel with Kl=O(10)Hu∗, dispersion is driven by both vertical and transverse velocity profiles. SDrift yields slightly larger dispersion coefficients than FluEgg. In a real river with channel-training structures and having Kl=O(100)Hu∗, SDrift predicts a stronger longitudinal dispersion than FluEgg due to substantial local turbulent eddies and velocity gradients. To summarize, FluEgg shows good performance in capturing dispersion due to vertical velocity profiles and cross-channel velocity gradients. SDrift shows excellent model capabilities of revealing various dispersion mechanisms in addition to the vertical and cross-channel velocity variations. They include the initial turbulent diffusion stage with growing dispersion coefficients and strong dispersion due to in-stream hydraulic structures and localized turbulence.
    Keywords advection ; carp ; eggs ; friction velocity ; hydraulic flumes ; model validation ; rivers ; turbulent flow
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 191971-4
    ISSN 0304-3800
    ISSN 0304-3800
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110200
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Grass Carp Reproduction in Small Tributaries of Harry S. Truman Reservoir, Missouri: Implications for Establishment in Novel Habitats

    Hayer, Cari‐Ann / Bayless, Michael A. / Richter, Catherine A. / George, Amy E. / Chapman, Duane C.

    North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 2023 Feb., v. 43, no. 1 p.154-163

    2023  

    Abstract: Substantial work has been conducted to estimate the river length required for recruitment of invasive Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and bigheaded carps (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix); however, the distance ... ...

    Abstract Substantial work has been conducted to estimate the river length required for recruitment of invasive Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and bigheaded carps (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix); however, the distance upstream and size of stream required for spawning remain unclear. Adult Grass Carp are regularly captured in Harry S. Truman Reservoir, Missouri, although there have been only unconfirmed sightings of Silver Carp. Fertile diploid Grass Carp are used legally for vegetation control in Missouri; however, it is uncertain whether Grass Carp in Harry S. Truman Reservoir are the result of natural reproduction or escapees. We used ichthyoplankton tows and environmental DNA (eDNA) to investigate which carp species were present in the reservoir basin and to determine whether these carps were spawning in reservoir tributaries. Grass Carp eggs were collected in four of five tributaries during June 2014. We did not detect eggs, larvae, or eDNA of Bighead Carp or Silver Carp. The occurrence of Grass Carp eggs generally coincided with rapid increases in discharge and turbidity. These tributaries may be the smallest rivers worldwide in which spawning of Grass Carp has been documented. We infer from the developmental stages captured and the distance from the reservoir that sufficient river length exists for egg survival. These results have broad implications concerning the establishment of Grass Carp in other novel habitats, including other reservoirs and lake basins, smaller rivers, and the Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystem.
    Keywords Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ; administrative management ; adults ; basins ; carp ; diploidy ; ecosystems ; eggs ; environmental DNA ; ichthyoplankton ; invasive species ; lakes ; reproduction ; rivers ; streams ; turbidity ; vegetation ; Missouri
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 154-163.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 779391-1
    ISSN 0275-5947
    ISSN 0275-5947
    DOI 10.1002/nafm.10670
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: An Assessment of Fish Herding Techniques: Management Implications for Mass Removal and Control of Silver Carp

    Ridgway, Josey L. / Lawson, Katelyn M. / Shier, Stephen A. / Calfee, Robin D. / Chapman, Duane C.

    North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 2023 Feb., v. 43, no. 1 p.176-188

    2023  

    Abstract: We assessed the effectiveness of herding techniques on adult Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in a tributary to the Missouri River. Sites (600 m) were contained using block nets and treated with one of five herding techniques: (1) a method ... ...

    Abstract We assessed the effectiveness of herding techniques on adult Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in a tributary to the Missouri River. Sites (600 m) were contained using block nets and treated with one of five herding techniques: (1) a method commonly used by commercial fishers in the United States (commercial technique), (2) pulsed‐DC electrofishing (electric technique), (3) broadband sound administered with underwater speakers (sound technique), (4) both sound and electric in combination (combination technique), and (5) solely the boat, with no added stimulus (control). Treatments were administered at sites with repeated 20‐min runs (3×) in a slow, bank‐to‐bank pattern downstream through a 4.5‐m opening between the block net and shoreline. Herding effectiveness was quantified by run category (cumulative for the second and third runs) using adaptive resolution imaging sonar. Mean herding effectiveness of the combination technique was three to four times greater than that of the other techniques regardless of the number of runs included. The effectiveness of the combination technique was significantly greater than the sound technique and control with inclusion of the second run and the commercial technique with inclusion of the third run. All herding techniques, excluding the combination technique, were statistically similar to the control. Inclusion of the second run was advantageous for all techniques, as herding effectiveness increased 54–103%, whereas inclusion of the third run was less beneficial (9–17% increase). Repeated runs allowed fish additional time to vacate the sample reach, but behavioral responses (i.e., acclimation or sensitization) were likely technique dependent. This study describes which techniques are most effective for herding Silver Carp and provides insight for improving mass removal efforts.
    Keywords Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; acclimation ; administrative management ; adults ; boats ; fish ; shorelines ; sonar ; Missouri River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 176-188.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 779391-1
    ISSN 0275-5947
    ISSN 0275-5947
    DOI 10.1002/nafm.10685
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Winter Habitat Selection and Efficacy of Telemetry to Aid Grass Carp Removal Efforts in a Large Reservoir

    Hessler, Tyler M. / Chapman, Duane C. / Paukert, Craig P. / Jolley, Jeffrey C. / Byrne, Michael E.

    North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 2023 Feb., v. 43, no. 1 p.189-202

    2023  

    Abstract: Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were introduced in North America to control aquatic vegetation in small, closed systems. However, when they escape into larger systems in which they can reproduce, they have the potential to cause significant declines ... ...

    Abstract Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella were introduced in North America to control aquatic vegetation in small, closed systems. However, when they escape into larger systems in which they can reproduce, they have the potential to cause significant declines and alterations in aquatic vegetation communities. These alterations can in turn affect native species that are dependent on aquatic vegetation. Increased captures and observations of spawning have elevated concerns about Grass Carp establishment in new locations, with particular concern for establishment in Lake Erie and its tributaries. Recent efforts using telemetered fish that co‐locate with wild conspecifics, sometimes in aggregations that are susceptible to harvest, have been used successfully to control invasive Common Carp Cyprinus carpio populations. If Grass Carp aggregate in winter similarly to Common Carp, they might be susceptible to similar control or harvest methods. During the winters (December–March) of 2017–2019, we tracked 86 Grass Carp tagged with acoustic transmitters in Truman Reservoir, Missouri, to evaluate winter habitat selection and to determine the effectiveness of using tagged fish in locating and removing wild fish by comparing harvest at locations of tagged fish to harvest at control sites that we believed were suitable Grass Carp habitat. Discrete‐choice models showed that Grass Carp exhibited strong selection for shallow water, as 75% of locations were in littoral habitats with depths of 3 m or less. On average, we harvested more fish at sites where tagged fish were located (3.6 fish/attempt) than at control sites (1.2 fish/attempt). Full guts in individuals that were harvested may indicate that fish were using shallow‐water habitats to feed. Our results suggested that Grass Carp did not usually form large winter aggregations, and although targeting locations with tagged fish slightly increased harvest success compared to efforts without them, efforts to reduce populations via harvest may be difficult in large systems when fish are widely dispersed.
    Keywords Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Cyprinus carpio ; acoustics ; administrative management ; aquatic plants ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; indigenous species ; littoral zone ; telemetry ; wild fish ; winter ; Lake Erie ; Missouri
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 189-202.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 779391-1
    ISSN 0275-5947
    ISSN 0275-5947
    DOI 10.1002/nafm.10693
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Invasive Black Carp as a Reservoir Host for the Freshwater Mollusk Parasite Aspidogaster conchicola: Further Evidence of Mollusk Consumption and Implications for Parasite Dispersal

    Poulton, Barry C. / Bailey, Jennifer / Kroboth, Patrick T. / George, Amy E. / Chapman, Duane C.

    Freshwater mollusk biology and conservation. 2021 Oct. 27, v. 24, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has invaded the Mississippi River and is a potential threat to native mollusks. During prior diet research, we discovered that the fluke Aspidogaster conchicola, a mollusk parasite, occurs regularly in the ... ...

    Abstract Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has invaded the Mississippi River and is a potential threat to native mollusks. During prior diet research, we discovered that the fluke Aspidogaster conchicola, a mollusk parasite, occurs regularly in the gastrointestinal tract of Black Carp. The fluke remains in fish intestines for extended periods after the fish has consumed its host. Flukes were found in 33% of the wild Black Carp examined, and numbers ranged from 1 to 802, with no pattern evident across seasons of fish capture. Treating the flukes as indicators of prior mollusk consumption, we adjusted the percent occurrence of mollusks from 26.6% to 54.1%, indicating that the previously reported incidences for bivalves (22.8%) and gastropods (16.5%) in the diet of wild Black Carp are likely to be underestimated. Based on percent occurrences in Black Carp, larger fish (>791 mm) had significantly higher fluke occurrence (42.6%) and fish captured from lentic habitats had significantly greater fluke-adjusted mollusk occurrence (87.5%). These diet-occurrence estimates, coupled with the presence of gravid A. conchicola and evidence of their continued viability in Black Carp intestines, indicate that these fish retain evidence of mollusk consumption for extended periods after evacuation of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, Black Carp has the potential to disperse this parasite to other mollusks.
    Keywords Mylopharyngodon piceus ; diet ; digestive tract ; fish ; flukes ; freshwater molluscs ; lentic systems ; nutrition research ; viability ; Mississippi River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1027
    Size p. 114-123.
    Publishing place Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2472-2944
    DOI 10.31931/fmbc-d-20-00011
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: A three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking model for predicting transport of eggs of rheophilic-spawning carps in turbulent rivers

    Li, Geng / Wang, Binbin / Elliott, Caroline M. / Call, Bruce C. / Chapman, Duane C. / Jacobson, Robert B.

    Elsevier B.V. Ecological Modelling. 2022 Aug., v. 470 p.110035-

    2022  

    Abstract: Grass carp, bighead carp, and silver carp spawn in flowing water. Their eggs, and then larvae, develop while drifting. Hydraulic conditions and water temperature control spawning locations, egg survival, and the downstream distance traveled before the ... ...

    Abstract Grass carp, bighead carp, and silver carp spawn in flowing water. Their eggs, and then larvae, develop while drifting. Hydraulic conditions and water temperature control spawning locations, egg survival, and the downstream distance traveled before the hatched larvae can swim for low velocity nursery habitats. Existing egg drift models simulate the fluvial transport of carp eggs but have limitations in capturing the effect of localized turbulence on egg transport due to inadequate dimensions of hydrodynamics and/or empirical parameterization of river dispersion. We present a three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking model that uses fully resolved river hydrodynamics and a continuous random walk algorithm driven by local turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate. We incorporate a new set of equations to compute evolving egg characteristics with fully resolved 3-D hydrodynamics. To demonstrate the performance of the model, we conducted a case study in an eight-kilometer reach of the Missouri River at the discharge of approximately 25% daily flow exceedance. Three-dimensional river hydrodynamics was modeled, calibrated, and evaluated with measurement data. Egg drift was modeled and compared using fully three-dimensional, depth-averaged two-dimensional, and zone-averaged one-dimensional hydrodynamics. The comparison shows a generally good agreement among models of downstream egg transport due to advection but a different dispersion pattern of eggs in the river, as a result of turbulent diffusion and shear induced dispersion.
    Keywords Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ; advection ; algorithms ; carp ; case studies ; eggs ; hydrodynamics ; kinetic energy ; model validation ; models ; rivers ; turbulent flow ; water temperature ; Missouri River ; Invasive carp ; Turbulence ; Egg drift ; River
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 191971-4
    ISSN 0304-3800
    ISSN 0304-3800
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110035
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: “Asian Carp” is Societally and Scientifically Problematic. Let's Replace It

    Kočovský, Patrick M. / Chapman, Duane C. / Qian, Song

    Fisheries. 2018 July, v. 43, no. 7

    2018  

    Abstract: Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Silver Carp H. molitrix are considered invasive species in North America and Europe. In North America, they are typically referred to ... ...

    Abstract Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Silver Carp H. molitrix are considered invasive species in North America and Europe. In North America, they are typically referred to collectively as “Asian carp,” a reference to their native range. The category “Asian carp” fails to acknowledge the cultural value and the ecological differences of these fishes, causes confusion when translated into Chinese, and frequently causes communication problems with the public and occasionally among professionals when some species are intentionally or inadvertently included or excluded when referred to collectively. Herein, we review the long history of aquaculture of these species in China, their human cultural significance, the origin of the category “Asian carp,” and the problems the term “Asian carp” might cause when used in cross‐cultural communication. We recommend discontinuing the use of this term and replacing it with individual species names. When a group term is required, there are several more favorable alternatives, including existing Chinese terms that have been used for centuries.
    Keywords Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ; Mylopharyngodon piceus ; aquaculture ; carp ; humans ; invasive species ; China ; Europe ; North America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-07
    Size p. 311-316.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 430448-2
    ISSN 0363-2415
    ISSN 0363-2415
    DOI 10.1002/fsh.10087
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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