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  1. Article ; Online: Renin-Angiotensin System and Sex Differences in COVID-19: A Critical Assessment.

    Chappell, Mark C

    Circulation research

    2023  Volume 132, Issue 10, Page(s) 1320–1337

    Abstract: The current epidemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an immense health burden that became the third leading cause of death and potentially contributed to a decline in life expectancy in the United States. The severe acute respiratory ... ...

    Abstract The current epidemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an immense health burden that became the third leading cause of death and potentially contributed to a decline in life expectancy in the United States. The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 binds to the surface-bound peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, EC 3.4.17.23) leading to tissue infection and viral replication. ACE2 is an important enzymatic component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) expressed in the lung and other organs. The peptidase regulates the levels of the peptide hormones Ang II and Ang-(1-7), which have distinct and opposing actions to one another, as well as other cardiovascular peptides. A potential consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 infection is reduced ACE2 activity by internalization of the viral-ACE2 complex and subsequent activation of the RAS (higher ratio of Ang II:Ang-[1-7]) that may exacerbate the acute inflammatory events in COVID-19 patients and possibly contribute to the effects of long COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 patients present with an array of autoantibodies to various components of the RAS including the peptide Ang II, the enzyme ACE2, and the AT
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Characteristics ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80100-8
    ISSN 1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    ISSN (online) 1524-4571
    ISSN 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.321883
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: S1P (Site-1 Protease)-Induced Release of the Soluble Prorenin Receptor in Hypertension: Do All Roads Lead to Ang II (Angiotensin II)?

    Chappell, Mark C

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

    2021  Volume 77, Issue 2, Page(s) 417–419

    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin II ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Proprotein Convertases ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Serine Endopeptidases
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Cell Surface ; prorenin receptor ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; Proprotein Convertases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (EC 3.4.21.112)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423736-5
    ISSN 1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    ISSN (online) 1524-4563
    ISSN 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    DOI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16428
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  3. Article ; Online: Commentary for "Endocrine significance of SARS-CoV-2's Reliance on ACE2".

    Chappell, Mark C

    Endocrinology

    2020  Volume 162, Issue 4

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 427856-2
    ISSN 1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
    ISSN (online) 1945-7170
    ISSN 0013-7227
    DOI 10.1210/endocr/bqaa222
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  4. Article ; Online: Hydrogen sulfide, then nitric oxide and vasoprotection.

    Chappell, Mark C

    Journal of hypertension

    2018  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 493–494

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Hypertension ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; PPAR delta
    Chemical Substances PPAR delta ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Hydrogen Sulfide (YY9FVM7NSN)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605532-1
    ISSN 1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    ISSN (online) 1473-5598
    ISSN 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    DOI 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001617
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  5. Article ; Online: Gut dysbiosis and hypertension: is it cause or effect?

    Cook, Katherine L / Chappell, Mark C

    Journal of hypertension

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 9, Page(s) 1768–1770

    MeSH term(s) Dysbiosis ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Hypertension
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605532-1
    ISSN 1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    ISSN (online) 1473-5598
    ISSN 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    DOI 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002908
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  6. Article ; Online: The Angiotensin-(1-7) Axis: Formation and Metabolism Pathways

    Chappell, Mark C.

    Angiotensin-(1-7)

    Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure via peripheral and central mechanisms. Dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of cardiovascular ... ...

    Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure via peripheral and central mechanisms. Dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of cardiovascular pathologies and pharmacologic blockade of this system by the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) is an effective therapeutic regimen. The RAS is now defined as a more complex system composed of different angiotensin peptides with diverse biological actions mediated by distinct receptor subtypes. The classic RAS comprises the ACE-Ang II-AT(1)R axis that promotes vasoconstriction, water intake, sodium retention and increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, cellular growth, and inflammation. The non-classical or alternative RAS is composed primarily of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-AT(7)R pathway that opposes many actions of the Ang II-AT(1)R axis. In lieu of the complexity of this system, the chapter discusses the current evidence on the enzymatic cascade of the Ang-(1-7) axis of the RAS regarding the peptidases that contribute to the formation and degradation of the peptide in the circulation and various tissues.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher PMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_1
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Reply to "Letter to the editor: Angiotensin quantification by mass spectrometry".

    Chappell, Mark C

    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

    2016  Volume 310, Issue 3, Page(s) H454

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 603838-4
    ISSN 1522-1539 ; 0363-6135
    ISSN (online) 1522-1539
    ISSN 0363-6135
    DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00960.2015
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  8. Article ; Online: Amiloride and the diabetic kidney.

    Chappell, Mark C

    Journal of hypertension

    2016  Volume 34, Issue 8, Page(s) 1500–1501

    MeSH term(s) Amiloride ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Sodium
    Chemical Substances Amiloride (7DZO8EB0Z3) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605532-1
    ISSN 1473-5598 ; 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    ISSN (online) 1473-5598
    ISSN 0263-6352 ; 0952-1178
    DOI 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001031
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  9. Article ; Online: Biochemical evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system: the good, bad, and absolute?

    Chappell, Mark C

    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

    2015  Volume 310, Issue 2, Page(s) H137–52

    Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure through peripheral and central mechanisms. Indeed, dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of ... ...

    Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure through peripheral and central mechanisms. Indeed, dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of cardiovascular pathologies, and pharmacological blockade of this system by the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) offers an effective therapeutic regimen. The RAS is now defined as a system composed of different angiotensin peptides with diverse biological actions mediated by distinct receptor subtypes. The classic RAS comprises the ACE-ANG II-AT1R axis that promotes vasoconstriction; water intake; sodium retention; and increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, cellular growth, and inflammation. In contrast, the nonclassical RAS composed primarily of the ANG II/ANG III-AT2R and the ACE2-ANG-(1-7)-AT7R pathways generally opposes the actions of a stimulated ANG II-AT1R axis. In lieu of the complex and multifunctional aspects of this system, as well as increased concerns on the reproducibility among laboratories, a critical assessment is provided on the current biochemical approaches to characterize and define the various components that ultimately reflect the status of the RAS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers/urine ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Heart Diseases/physiopathology ; Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603838-4
    ISSN 1522-1539 ; 0363-6135
    ISSN (online) 1522-1539
    ISSN 0363-6135
    DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2015
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  10. Article ; Online: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in COVID-19-related and Non-COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Not So Different after All?

    Collins, Sean P / Chappell, Mark C / Files, D Clark

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2021  Volume 204, Issue 9, Page(s) 1007–1008

    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202108-1904ED
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