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Article ; Online: Assessing Vitamins, Minerals and Supplements Marketed to Children in Canada

Charlene Elliott

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 22, p

2019 Volume 4326

Abstract: Given the growth of supplements specifically designed for children in Canada, this study examines the nutrient levels of these products, and evaluates them in light of the US Health and Medical Division (HMD)—formerly the Institute of Medicine—and Health ...

Abstract	Given the growth of supplements specifically designed for children in Canada, this study examines the nutrient levels of these products, and evaluates them in light of the US Health and Medical Division (HMD)—formerly the Institute of Medicine—and Health Canada’s recommendations. Content analysis was used to document the nutrient levels of child-targeted vitamins, minerals and fish oils/omega-3s (n = 80) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Products were assessed according to HMD and Health Canada dosage recommendations for children, and the percentage of Estimate Average Requirements (EAR), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intakes Level (UL) calculated. Median EAR/AI/UL percentages and quartiles were calculated for each nutrient, and estimates for the adequate intake recommendations plotted with box plots. Sixty five percent of the products assessed were multivitamins; the median dose was higher than AI recommendations for vitamins A, B6, B12, and C, as well as thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Substantial variation in vitamin, mineral, or fish oil dosage was found between similar supplements—with nutrients such as vitamin B12 ranging from 83% to 5557% of AI. Such findings matter because the very existence of these products suggests that children should be taking them, yet more research is needed on their potential (adverse) effects over both the short and long term. The substantial variation in dosages between products also raises questions about the (perhaps unnecessary) fortification of our children, as well as the expectations that parents know—or are even aware of—appropriate nutrient levels for their kids.
Keywords	vitamin ; child ; pediatric ; marketing ; nutrient ; mineral ; supplement ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Food Marketing and Power

Charlene Elliott / Emily Truman / Nikki Stephenson

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 7815, p

Teen-Identified Indicators of Targeted Food Marketing

2022 Volume 7815

Abstract: Food marketing is powerful and prevalent, influencing young people’s food attitudes, preferences, and dietary habits. Teenagers are aggressively targeted by unhealthy food marketing messages across a range of platforms, prompting recognition of the need ... ...

Abstract	Food marketing is powerful and prevalent, influencing young people’s food attitudes, preferences, and dietary habits. Teenagers are aggressively targeted by unhealthy food marketing messages across a range of platforms, prompting recognition of the need to monitor such marketing. To monitor, criteria for what counts as teen-targeted food marketing content (i.e., persuasive techniques) must first be established. This exploratory study engaged teenagers to explore the “power” of food marketing by identifying what they consider to be teen-targeted marketing techniques within various food marketing examples. Fifty-four teenagers (ages 13–17) participated in a tagging exercise of 19 pre-selected food/beverage advertisements. Assessed in light of age and gender, the results showed clear consistency with what indicators the participants identified when it comes to selecting “teen-targeted” ads—with advertisements most frequently chosen as “teen-targeted” containing humor (particularly irony) and celebrities. When it comes to specific indicators used by teenagers, visual style dominated, standing as the marketing technique with the most “power” for teenagers. The findings shed much needed insight into the elements of power—and more precisely, the specific marketing techniques persuasive to teenagers—which are necessary to inform monitoring efforts and to create evidence-based policy.
Keywords	food ; marketing ; advertising ; youth ; teenager ; adolescent ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identifying food marketing to teenagers

Emily Truman / Charlene Elliott

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a scoping review

2019 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Teenagers are aggressively targeted by food marketing messages (primarily for unhealthy foods) and susceptible to this messaging due to developmental vulnerabilities and peer-group influence. Yet limited research exists on the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Teenagers are aggressively targeted by food marketing messages (primarily for unhealthy foods) and susceptible to this messaging due to developmental vulnerabilities and peer-group influence. Yet limited research exists on the exposure and power of food marketing specifically to teenage populations. Research studies often collapse “teenagers” under the umbrella of children or do not recognize the uniqueness of teen-targeted appeals. Child- and teen-targeted marketing strategies are not the same, and this study aims to advance understanding of teen-targeted food marketing by identifying the teen-specific promotion platforms, techniques and indicators detailed in existing literature. Methods A systematic scoping review collected all available literature on food marketing/advertising with the term “teenager” or “adolescent” from nine databases, as well as Google Scholar for grey literature, and a hand search of relevant institutional websites. Included were all peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and grey literature in which food marketing to youth was the central topic of the article, of any study type (i.e., original research, reviews, commentaries and reports), and including any part of the 12–17 age range. Results The 122 articles reviewed define the scope of existing literature on food marketing to young people age 17 and under, identifying leading trends in countries studied (United States, 52%), populations identified (children and teens studied concurrently, 36%), outcomes measured (advertising exposure, 54%), study type (cross-sectional, 58%) and methods used (content analysis, 46%). The promotion platforms and techniques used by food marketers to appeal to young people (as reported in the literature) are also identified and classified. Few studies (7%) use indicators to identify teen-targeted food marketing. Conclusions Unique treatments of teen populations are limited in food marketing literature, as is the application of clear indicators to identify and differentiate ...
Keywords	Food marketing ; Teenager ; Adolescent ; Scoping review ; Food advertising ; Exposure ; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ; RC620-627 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nutrient Profiling and Child-Targeted Supermarket Foods

Charlene Elliott / Natalie V. Scime

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 4, p

Assessing a “Made in Canada” Policy Approach

2019 Volume 639

Abstract: Marketing unhealthy food and beverages to children is a pervasive problem despite the negative impact it has on children’s taste preferences, eating habits and health. In an effort to mitigate this influence on Canadian children, Health Canada has ... ...

Abstract	Marketing unhealthy food and beverages to children is a pervasive problem despite the negative impact it has on children’s taste preferences, eating habits and health. In an effort to mitigate this influence on Canadian children, Health Canada has developed a nutrient profile model with two options for national implementation. This study examined the application of Health Canada’s proposed model to 374 child-targeted supermarket products collected in Calgary, AB, Canada and compared this with two international nutrient profile models. Products were classified as permitted or not permitted for marketing to children using the Health Canada model (Option 1 and Option 2), the WHO Regional Office for Europe model, and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) model. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Overall, Health Canada’s Option 1 was the most stringent, permitting only 2.7% of products to be marketed to children, followed by PAHO (7.0%), WHO (11.8%), and Health Canada’s Option 2 (28.6%). Across all models, six products (1.6%) were universally permitted, and nearly 60% of products were universally not permitted on the basis of nutritional quality. Such differences in classification have significant policy and health-related consequences, given that different foods will be framed as “acceptable„ for marketing to children—and understood as more or less healthy—depending on the model used.
Keywords	children ; food marketing ; policy ; nutrition ; Canada ; nutrient profiling ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Barriers to Food Literacy: A Conceptual Model to Explore Factors Inhibiting Proficiency

Truman, Emily / Charlene Elliott

Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 2019 Jan., v. 51, no. 1

2019

Abstract: Food literacy research typically conceptualizes food-related knowledge and skills as contributing to improved health and nutrition; however, there is limited research examining the process that leads to this improvement. This article reviews the ... ...

Abstract	Food literacy research typically conceptualizes food-related knowledge and skills as contributing to improved health and nutrition; however, there is limited research examining the process that leads to this improvement. This article reviews the literature reporting barriers to food literacy proficiency in order to examine the relationship between food-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Informed by these barrier types, its central objective is to develop a model of food literacy proficiency that highlights the relationship between nutrition education and health-related outcomes. This model will help researchers, educators, and nutrition professionals implement effective interventions with enhanced capacity to change food-related behaviors.
Keywords	attitudes and opinions ; literacy ; models ; nutrition education ; nutritionists ; teachers
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-01
Size	p. 107-111.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2080501-9
ISSN	1708-8259 ; 1499-4046
ISSN (online)	1708-8259
ISSN	1499-4046
DOI	10.1016/j.jneb.2018.08.008
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Experiences and perceived outcomes of a grocery gift card programme for households at risk of food insecurity

Yun Yun Lee / Stéphanie Caron-Roy / Bobbi Turko / Jane Shearer / David JT Campbell / Charlene Elliott / Donald Barker / Kim D Raine / Sheila Tyminski / Dana Lee Olstad

Public Health Nutrition, Vol 26, Pp 2460-

2023 Volume 2469

Abstract: Abstract Objective: This study explored programme recipients’ and deliverers’ experiences and perceived outcomes of accessing or facilitating a grocery gift card (GGC) programme from I Can for Kids (iCAN), a community-based programme that provides GGC to ...

Abstract	Abstract Objective: This study explored programme recipients’ and deliverers’ experiences and perceived outcomes of accessing or facilitating a grocery gift card (GGC) programme from I Can for Kids (iCAN), a community-based programme that provides GGC to low-income families with children. Design: This qualitative descriptive study used Freedman et al’s framework of nutritious food access to guide data generation and analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between August and November 2020. Data were analysed using directed content analysis with a deductive–inductive approach. Participants: Fifty-four participants were purposively recruited, including thirty-seven programme recipients who accessed iCAN’s GGC programme and seventeen programme deliverers who facilitated it. Setting: Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Results: Three themes were generated from the data. First, iCAN’s GGC programme promoted a sense of autonomy and dignity among programme recipients as they appreciated receiving financial support, the flexibility and convenience of using GGC, and the freedom to select foods they desired. Recipients perceived these benefits improved their social and emotional well-being. Second, recipients reported that the use of GGC improved their households’ dietary patterns and food skills. Third, both participant groups identified programmatic strengths and limitations. Conclusion: Programme recipients reported that iCAN’s GGC programme provided them with dignified access to nutritious food and improved their households’ finances, dietary patterns, and social and emotional well-being. Increasing the number of GGC provided to households on each occasion, establishing clear and consistent criteria for distributing GGC to recipients, and increasing potential donors’ awareness of iCAN’s GGC programme may augment the amount of support iCAN could provide to households.
Keywords	Household food insecurity ; food subsidy programme ; food assistance ; child nutrition ; qualitative description ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ; RC620-627
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Defining food literacy: A scoping review

Truman, Emily / Daniel Lane / Charlene Elliott

Appetite. 2017 Sept. 01, v. 116

2017

Abstract: The term âfood literacyâ describes the idea of proficiency in food related skills and knowledge. This prevalent term is broadly applied, although its core elements vary from initiative to initiative. In light of its ubiquitous useâbut varying ... ...

Abstract	The term âfood literacyâ describes the idea of proficiency in food related skills and knowledge. This prevalent term is broadly applied, although its core elements vary from initiative to initiative. In light of its ubiquitous useâbut varying definitionsâthis article establishes the scope of food literacy research by identifying all articles that define âfood literacyâ, analysing its key conceptualizations, and reporting outcomes/measures of this concept.A scoping review was conducted to identify all articles (academic and grey literature) using the term âfood literacyâ. Databases included Medline, Pubmed, Embase, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, Scopus, JSTOR, and Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Of 1049 abstracts, 67 studies were included. From these, data was extracted on country of origin, study type (methodological approach), primary target population, and the primary outcomes relating to food literacy.The majority of definitions of food literacy emphasize the acquisition of critical knowledge (information and understanding) (55%) over functional knowledge (skills, abilities and choices) (8%), although some incorporate both (37%). Thematic analysis of 38 novel definitions of food literacy reveals the prevalence of six themes: skills and behaviours, food/health choices, culture, knowledge, emotions, and food systems. Study outcomes largely focus on knowledge generating measures, with very few focusing on health related outcome measures.Current definitions of food literacy incorporate components of six key themes or domains and attributes of both critical and functional knowledge. Despite this broad definition of the term, most studies aiming to improve food literacy focus on knowledge related outcomes. Few articles address health outcomes, leaving an important gap (and opportunity) for future research in this field.
Keywords	databases ; emotions ; literacy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0901
Size	p. 365-371.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	764440-1
ISSN	0195-6663
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Metabolic consequences of discretionary fortified beverage consumption containing excessive vitamin B levels in adolescents.

Shyamchand Mayengbam / Heidi Virtanen / Dustin S Hittel / Charlene Elliott / Raylene A Reimer / Hans J Vogel / Jane Shearer

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e

2019 Volume 0209913

Abstract: Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in the number of beverage products containing added vitamins and minerals. Often viewed as a healthier choice by consumers, the metabolic impacts of excessive vitamin consumption are relatively ... ...

Abstract	Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in the number of beverage products containing added vitamins and minerals. Often viewed as a healthier choice by consumers, the metabolic impacts of excessive vitamin consumption are relatively unknown, especially in children. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a widely available, vitamin fortified beverage (5h Energy Decaffeinated) on insulin sensitivity, metabolic hormones and serum metabolomic responses in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (13-19y, 10M/10F) completed two randomized trials, consuming either coloured water as placebo (PL) or a vitamin fortified, sugar free beverage (FB, 1.5ml/kg) 40min prior to a modified oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 1.75g/kg glucose). Samples were collected at baseline and at 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min during the OGTT. No differences in blood glucose response were observed between the treatments. However, compared to PL, postprandial plasma C-peptide and insulin excursion was significantly greater with FB, resulting in a 28% decline in the insulin sensitivity index. This was accompanied by elevated GLP-1, glucagon and PYY responses with FB compared to PL. Serum metabolomics (1H-NMR) analysis also revealed perturbations to vitamin B-linked one carbon metabolism flux with FB consumption that became more pronounced over time. These included a transient reduction in homocysteine flux accompanied by increases in betaine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, choline, folate and taurine. Although these impacts are likely short-lived, results show that beverages fortified with excessive amounts of vitamins are not metabolically inert, but likely result in greater insulin secretion, differential gut hormone secretion and elevated one-carbon flux to process the excessive vitamin loads.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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