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  1. Article ; Online: Longitudinal impact of public stigma and courtesy stigma on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: The moderating role of trait mindfulness.

    Yip, Charles Chiu Hung / Chan, Kevin Ka Shing

    Research in developmental disabilities

    2022  Volume 127, Page(s) 104243

    Abstract: Background: Although the public and courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent, there are very few studies examining their adverse psychological effects on parents of children with ASD or exploring plausible factors that can ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although the public and courtesy stigma of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent, there are very few studies examining their adverse psychological effects on parents of children with ASD or exploring plausible factors that can alleviate these adverse effects. The present study addressed these literature gaps by investigating the longitudinal linkages of public and courtesy stigma to detrimental cognitive (i.e., self-stigma content and process) and affective (i.e., perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety) consequences for parents of children with ASD and testing if these linkages would be moderated by trait mindfulness.
    Methods: At two time points separated by 12 months, 372 Hong Kong parents of children with ASD provided questionnaire data on public and courtesy stigma, mindfulness, self-stigma content and process, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
    Results: Hierarchical regressions showed that public and courtesy stigma interacted significantly with mindfulness at baseline in predicting self-stigma content and process, perceived stress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety at follow-up. Moreover, simple slope analyses showed that the linkages of public and courtesy stigma to the five detrimental psychological consequences were weaker in parents with high mindfulness than in those with low mindfulness.
    Conclusions: Our findings highlight the longitudinal linkages of public and courtesy stigma to detrimental cognitive and affective consequences for parents of children with ASD, and reveal the plausible protective effects of mindfulness against such linkages. These findings suggest the potential utility of increasing mindfulness in parents of children with ASD in coping with community stigma and improving mental health.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Child ; Humans ; Mindfulness ; Parents/psychology ; Social Stigma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639175-8
    ISSN 1873-3379 ; 0891-4222
    ISSN (online) 1873-3379
    ISSN 0891-4222
    DOI 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104243
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The impact of psychological flexibility on sexual identity stress and well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

    Chan, Kevin Ka Shing / Yip, Charles Chiu Hung

    The American journal of orthopsychiatry

    2021  Volume 91, Issue 5, Page(s) 660–670

    Abstract: Sexual identity stress may damage the well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, but limited research has examined the potential protective factors in this context. The present study addressed this research gap by testing a psychological ...

    Abstract Sexual identity stress may damage the well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, but limited research has examined the potential protective factors in this context. The present study addressed this research gap by testing a psychological flexibility model of sexual identity development and positive mental health among LGB individuals. We hypothesized that psychological flexibility would be associated with greater engaged living (i.e., valued living and life fulfillment), which would, in turn, be linked to lower sexual identity stress (i.e., identity uncertainty, acceptance concern, internalized homonegativity, sexuality concealment, and difficult process of identity development) and then better well-being (i.e., emotional, psychological, and social well-being). A total of 401 LGB individuals completed questionnaire measures of psychological flexibility, engaged living, sexual identity stress, and well-being. Structural equation modeling showed that psychological flexibility was related to greater engaged living, which was, in turn, related to lower sexual identity stress and then better well-being. Bootstrap analyses further revealed that psychological flexibility had significant indirect effects on sexual identity stress via engaged living and on well-being via engaged living and sexual identity stress. In addition, multigroup analyses demonstrated that the mediation model held across women and men and across lesbian/gay and bisexual individuals. Theoretically, this study elucidated how psychological flexibility could enable LGB individuals to reduce sexual identity stress and improve well-being through living a valuable and fulfilling life. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of psychological flexibility training in facilitating LGB individuals to develop a positive sexual identity and enhance positive mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Bisexuality ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Homosexuality, Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Stress, Psychological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280031-7
    ISSN 1939-0025 ; 0002-9432
    ISSN (online) 1939-0025
    ISSN 0002-9432
    DOI 10.1037/ort0000567
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: How Sense of Community Affects Sense of Self Among Sexual Minorities: Critical Consciousness as a Mediating Mechanism.

    Yip, Charles Chiu Hung / Chan, Kevin Ka Shing

    American journal of community psychology

    2021  Volume 68, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 177–186

    Abstract: Research shows that sense of community may enable lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals to resist and fight against societal heterosexism and increase their positive sense of self. Less is known, however, about the underlying processes. The ... ...

    Abstract Research shows that sense of community may enable lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals to resist and fight against societal heterosexism and increase their positive sense of self. Less is known, however, about the underlying processes. The present study examined whether sense of community would affect sense of self (i.e., identity affirmation and self-esteem) through critical consciousness (i.e., critical reflection and critical action) among LGB individuals. A total of 401 LGB individuals from Hong Kong, China, provided cross-sectional questionnaire data on sense of community, critical reflection, critical action, identity affirmation, and self-esteem. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses were performed to analyze the direct and indirect relations among the variables. Results showed that sense of community was positively associated with critical action, and this association was mediated by critical reflection. Moreover, critical action was positively associated with self-esteem, and this association was mediated by identity affirmation. Theoretically, this study demonstrated how LGB individuals' sense of community may have a positive impact on their sense of self through the mechanism of critical consciousness. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of cultivating positive in-group perceptions among LGB individuals in liberating them from oppressive ideology, mobilizing them to resist social injustice, enhancing their identity affirmation, and increasing their self-esteem.
    MeSH term(s) Bisexuality ; Consciousness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Homosexuality, Female ; Humans ; Sexual and Gender Minorities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 222658-3
    ISSN 1573-2770 ; 0091-0562
    ISSN (online) 1573-2770
    ISSN 0091-0562
    DOI 10.1002/ajcp.12511
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Longitudinal impact of self-stigma content and process on parental warmth and hostility among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

    Chan, Kevin Ka Shing / Yip, Charles Chiu Hung / Leung, Donald Chi Kin

    Journal of autism and developmental disorders

    2022  Volume 53, Issue 7, Page(s) 2728–2736

    Abstract: This study examined whether self-stigma content and process would prospectively influence parental warmth and hostility through increasing parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On three occasions across two years, ...

    Abstract This study examined whether self-stigma content and process would prospectively influence parental warmth and hostility through increasing parenting stress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On three occasions across two years, 441 Hong Kong parents of children with ASD provided questionnaire data. Path analyses showed that self-stigma content and process were associated with greater parenting stress, which was, in turn, associated with reduced parental warmth and increased parental hostility. Our findings reveal the longitudinal influences of self-stigma on parenting practices and demonstrate how these influences can be explained by parenting stress. Our findings also suggest the importance of supporting parents of children with ASD to mitigate self-stigma and associated parenting stress in improving their parenting practices.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Hostility ; Parents ; Parenting ; Social Stigma
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391999-7
    ISSN 1573-3432 ; 0162-3257
    ISSN (online) 1573-3432
    ISSN 0162-3257
    DOI 10.1007/s10803-022-05529-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The impact of stigma on engaged living and life satisfaction among people with mental illness in Hong Kong.

    Yip, Charles Chiu Hung / Fung, Winnie Tsz Wa / Leung, Donald Chi Kin / Chan, Kevin Ka Shing

    Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation

    2022  

    Abstract: Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate how the interpersonal (experienced discrimination) and intrapersonal (anticipated stigma and internalized stigma) manifestations of psychiatric stigma may affect engaged living and life satisfaction among ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate how the interpersonal (experienced discrimination) and intrapersonal (anticipated stigma and internalized stigma) manifestations of psychiatric stigma may affect engaged living and life satisfaction among people with mental illness. In this study, we developed and evaluated a conceptual model to clarify how experienced discrimination may lead to anticipated stigma and internalized stigma and thereby impede engaged living and reduce life satisfaction.
    Methods: A total of 205 Hong Kong Chinese people with mental illness completed standardized questionnaire measures of experienced discrimination, anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, engaged living, and life satisfaction. The associations among these variables were analyzed using path analyses and bootstrap analyses.
    Results: Path analyses showed that experienced discrimination was related to higher levels of anticipated stigma and internalized stigma, which were, in turn, linked to lesser engaged living and consequently lower life satisfaction. Bootstrap analyses further revealed that experienced discrimination had significant indirect effects on life satisfaction via anticipated stigma and engaged living and via internalized stigma and engaged living.
    Conclusions: Theoretically, our study uncovers how the interpersonal and intrapersonal manifestations of psychiatric stigma may adversely affect engaged living and life satisfaction among people with mental illness. Practically, our study points to the importance of developing and implementing stigma-related interventions at societal and individual levels in order to enable people with mental illness to live fulfilling and satisfying lives.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161148-0
    ISSN 1573-2649 ; 0962-9343
    ISSN (online) 1573-2649
    ISSN 0962-9343
    DOI 10.1007/s11136-022-03218-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: An intranasal ASO therapeutic targeting SARS-CoV-2

    Chi Zhu / Justin Y. Lee / Jia Z. Woo / Lei Xu / Xammy Nguyenla / Livia H. Yamashiro / Fei Ji / Scott B. Biering / Erik Van Dis / Federico Gonzalez / Douglas Fox / Eddie Wehri / Arjun Rustagi / Benjamin A. Pinsky / Julia Schaletzky / Catherine A. Blish / Charles Chiu / Eva Harris / Ruslan I. Sadreyev /
    Sarah Stanley / Sakari Kauppinen / Silvi Rouskin / Anders M. Näär

    Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 13

    Abstract: Despite approved vaccines and anti-virals to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is a need for further development of efficient antiviral therapeutic strategy. Here, Zhu et al. develop locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides (LNA ASOs) ... ...

    Abstract Despite approved vaccines and anti-virals to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is a need for further development of efficient antiviral therapeutic strategy. Here, Zhu et al. develop locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides (LNA ASOs) targeting the 5’ leader sequence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA to interfere with replication of wildtype virus and variants of concern. Daily intranasal administration in K18-hACE2 humanized mice suppresses viral infection in lung.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Bat Cells Are Broadly Susceptible to Tibrovirus Particle Cell Entry

    Yingyun Cai / Shuiqing Yu / Rohit Jangra / Elena Postnikova / Jiro Wada / Robert Tesh / Sean Whelan / Michael Lauck / Michael Wiley / Courtney Finch / Sheli Radoshitzky / David O'Connor / Gustavo Palacios / Kartik Chandran / Charles Chiu / Jens Kuhn

    Abstract: In 2012, the genome of a novel rhabdovirus, Bas-Congo virus, was discovered in the acute-phase serum of a Congolese patient with presumed viral hemorrhagic fever. In the absence of a replicating virus isolate, fulfilling Koch's postulates to determine ... ...

    Abstract In 2012, the genome of a novel rhabdovirus, Bas-Congo virus, was discovered in the acute-phase serum of a Congolese patient with presumed viral hemorrhagic fever. In the absence of a replicating virus isolate, fulfilling Koch's postulates to determine whether Bas-Congo virus is indeed a human virus and/or pathogen has been impossible. However, experiments with vesiculoviral particles pseudotyped with Bas-Congo glycoprotein suggested that Bas-Congo virus particles can enter cells from multiple animals, including humans. In 2015, genomes of two related viruses, Ekpoma virus 1 and Ekpoma virus 2, were detected in human sera in Nigeria. Isolates could not be obtained. Phylogenetic analyses led to the classification of Bas-Congo virus, Ekpoma virus 1, and Ekpoma virus 2 in the same genus, Tibrovirus, together with five biting midge-borne rhabdoviruses (i.e., Beatrice Hill virus, Bivens Arm virus, Coastal Plains virus, Sweetwater Branch virus, and Tibrogargan virus) not known to infect humans. Using individual recombinant vesiculoviruses expressing the glycoproteins of all eight known tibroviruses and more than 75 cell lines representing different animal species, we demonstrate that the glycoproteins of all tibroviruses can mediate vesiculovirus particle entry into human, bat, nonhuman primate, cotton rat, boa constrictor, and Asian tiger mosquito cells. Using four of five isolated authentic tibroviruses (i.e., Bivens Arm virus, Coastal Plains virus, Sweetwater Branch virus, and Tibrogargan virus), our experiments indicate that many cell types may be partially resistant to tibrovirus replication after virion cell entry. Consequently, experimental data solely obtained from experiments using tibrovirus surrogate systems (e.g., vesiculoviral pseudotypes, recombinant vesiculoviruses) cannot be used to predict whether Bas-Congo virus, or any other tibrovirus, infects humans.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher biorxiv
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/507350
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Genomics and transcriptomics yields a system-level view of the biology of the pathogen Naegleria fowleri

    Emily K. Herman / Alex Greninger / Mark van der Giezen / Michael L. Ginger / Inmaculada Ramirez-Macias / Haylea C. Miller / Matthew J. Morgan / Anastasios D. Tsaousis / Katrina Velle / Romana Vargová / Kristína Záhonová / Sebastian Rodrigo Najle / Georgina MacIntyre / Norbert Muller / Mattias Wittwer / Denise C. Zysset-Burri / Marek Eliáš / Claudio H. Slamovits / Matthew T. Weirauch /
    Lillian Fritz-Laylin / Francine Marciano-Cabral / Geoffrey J. Puzon / Tom Walsh / Charles Chiu / Joel B. Dacks

    BMC Biology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 18

    Abstract: Abstract Background The opportunistic pathogen Naegleria fowleri establishes infection in the human brain, killing almost invariably within 2 weeks. The amoeba performs piece-meal ingestion, or trogocytosis, of brain material causing direct tissue damage ...

    Abstract Abstract Background The opportunistic pathogen Naegleria fowleri establishes infection in the human brain, killing almost invariably within 2 weeks. The amoeba performs piece-meal ingestion, or trogocytosis, of brain material causing direct tissue damage and massive inflammation. The cellular basis distinguishing N. fowleri from other Naegleria species, which are all non-pathogenic, is not known. Yet, with the geographic range of N. fowleri advancing, potentially due to climate change, understanding how this pathogen invades and kills is both important and timely. Results Here, we report an -omics approach to understanding N. fowleri biology and infection at the system level. We sequenced two new strains of N. fowleri and performed a transcriptomic analysis of low- versus high-pathogenicity N. fowleri cultured in a mouse infection model. Comparative analysis provides an in-depth assessment of encoded protein complement between strains, finding high conservation. Molecular evolutionary analyses of multiple diverse cellular systems demonstrate that the N. fowleri genome encodes a similarly complete cellular repertoire to that found in free-living N. gruberi. From transcriptomics, neither stress responses nor traits conferred from lateral gene transfer are suggested as critical for pathogenicity. By contrast, cellular systems such as proteases, lysosomal machinery, and motility, together with metabolic reprogramming and novel N. fowleri proteins, are all implicated in facilitating pathogenicity within the host. Upregulation in mouse-passaged N. fowleri of genes associated with glutamate metabolism and ammonia transport suggests adaptation to available carbon sources in the central nervous system. Conclusions In-depth analysis of Naegleria genomes and transcriptomes provides a model of cellular systems involved in opportunistic pathogenicity, uncovering new angles to understanding the biology of a rare but highly fatal pathogen.
    Keywords Illumina ; RNA-Seq ; Genome sequence ; Protease ; Cytoskeleton ; Metabolism ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: The long march

    Katherine Sorber / Charles Chiu / Dale Webster / Michelle Dimon / J Graham Ruby / Armin Hekele / Joseph L DeRisi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 10, p e

    a sample preparation technique that enhances contig length and coverage by high-throughput short-read sequencing.

    2008  Volume 3495

    Abstract: High-throughput short-read technologies have revolutionized DNA sequencing by drastically reducing the cost per base of sequencing information. Despite producing gigabases of sequence per run, these technologies still present obstacles in resequencing ... ...

    Abstract High-throughput short-read technologies have revolutionized DNA sequencing by drastically reducing the cost per base of sequencing information. Despite producing gigabases of sequence per run, these technologies still present obstacles in resequencing and de novo assembly applications due to biased or insufficient target sequence coverage. We present here a simple sample preparation method termed the "long march" that increases both contig lengths and target sequence coverage using high-throughput short-read technologies. By incorporating a Type IIS restriction enzyme recognition motif into the sequencing primer adapter, successive rounds of restriction enzyme cleavage and adapter ligation produce a set of nested sub-libraries from the initial amplicon library. Sequence reads from these sub-libraries are offset from each other with enough overlap to aid assembly and contig extension. We demonstrate the utility of the long march in resequencing of the Plasmodium falciparum transcriptome, where the number of genomic bases covered was increased by 39%, as well as in metagenomic analysis of a serum sample from a patient with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute liver failure, where the number of HBV bases covered was increased by 42%. We also offer a theoretical optimization of the long march for de novo sequence assembly.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 028
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Rapid deployment of SARS-CoV-2 testing

    Emily D Crawford / Irene Acosta / Vida Ahyong / Erika C Anderson / Shaun Arevalo / Daniel Asarnow / Shannon Axelrod / Patrick Ayscue / Camillia S Azimi / Caleigh M Azumaya / Stefanie Bachl / Iris Bachmutsky / Aparna Bhaduri / Jeremy Bancroft Brown / Joshua Batson / Astrid Behnert / Ryan M Boileau / Saumya R Bollam / Alain R Bonny /
    David Booth / Michael Jerico B Borja / David Brown / Bryan Buie / Cassandra E Burnett / Lauren E Byrnes / Katelyn A Cabral / Joana P Cabrera / Saharai Caldera / Gabriela Canales / Gloria R Castañeda / Agnes Protacio Chan / Christopher R Chang / Arthur Charles-Orszag / Carly Cheung / Unseng Chio / Eric D Chow / Y Rose Citron / Allison Cohen / Lillian B Cohn / Charles Chiu / Mitchel A Cole / Daniel N Conrad / Angela Constantino / Andrew Cote / Tre'Jon Crayton-Hall / Spyros Darmanis / Angela M Detweiler / Rebekah L Dial / Shen Dong / Elias M Duarte

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e

    The CLIAHUB.

    2020  Volume 1008966

    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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