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Article ; Online: Negative shocks predict change in cognitive function and preferences: assessing the negative affect and stress hypothesis.

Bogliacino, Francesco / Codagnone, Cristiano / Montealegre, Felipe / Folkvord, Frans / Gómez, Camilo / Charris, Rafael / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Veltri, Giuseppe A

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 3546

Abstract: In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this study, we ...

Abstract	In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this study, we analyze the results of a longitudinal multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 1652), Spain (N = 1660) and the United Kingdom (N = 1578). We measure cognitive function using the Cognitive Reflection Test and preferences traits (risk, time and social preferences) using an experimentally validated set of questions to assess the differences between people exposed to a shock compared to the rest of the sample. We measure four possible types of shocks: labor market shock, health shock, occurrence of stressful events, and mental health shock. Additionally, we randomly assign participants to groups with either a recall of negative events (more specifically, a mild reinforcement of stress or of fear/anxiety), or to a control group (to recall neutral or joyful memories), in order to assess whether or not stress and negative emotions drive a change in preferences. Results show that people affected by shocks performed worse in terms of cognitive functioning, are more risk loving, and are more prone to punish others (negative reciprocity). Data do not support the hypotheses that the result is driven by stress or by negative emotions.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Choice Behavior ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-83089-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Restarting "Normal" Life after Covid-19 and the Lockdown: Evidence from Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy.

Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo / Folkvord, Frans / Liva, Giovanni / Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Lupiañez Villanueva, Francisco / Veltri, Giuseppe A

Social indicators research

2021 Volume 158, Issue 1, Page(s) 241–265

Abstract: In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and behavioural change during the first Covid-19 wave, for three European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy) that have been severely hit. We use a ... ...

Abstract	In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and behavioural change during the first Covid-19 wave, for three European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy) that have been severely hit. We use a novel dataset that we collected to monitor the three countries during the crisis. As outcome variables, we used expectations (e.g., economic outlook, labour market situation, recovery), fear (e.g., scenario of new outburst, economic depression, restriction to individual rights and freedom), and behavioural change across the following dimensions: savings, cultural consumption, social capital, and risky behaviour. We provide descriptive evidence that is representative of the population of interest, and we estimate the impact of exposure to shock occurred during the crisis on the same outcome variables, using matching techniques. Our main findings are the following: we detected systematically negative expectations regarding the future and the recovery, majoritarian fears of an economic depression, a new outbreak, and a permanent restriction on freedom, a reduction in saving and in social capital. Exposure to shocks decreased expected job prospects, increased withdrawal from accumulated savings, and reduced contacts with the network relevant to job advancement, whereas it had inconclusive effects over fears. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02697-5.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2018687-3
ISSN	1573-0921 ; 0303-8300
ISSN (online)	1573-0921
ISSN	0303-8300
DOI	10.1007/s11205-021-02697-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo / Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Folkvord, Frans / Veltri, Giuseppe A

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e0240876

Abstract: Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the ... ...

Abstract	Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 3,504), Spain (N = 3,524) and the United Kingdom (N = 3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens' concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to predict the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for "the way out" of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/etiology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/economics ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/economics ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/etiology ; Economic Recession ; Female ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Disorders/economics ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/economics ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quarantine/economics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spain/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/etiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0240876
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

Codagnone, Cristiano Bogliacino Francesco Gómez Camilo Charris Rafael Montealegre Felipe Liva Giovanni Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco Folkvord Frans Veltri Giuseppe A.

PLoS One

Abstract: Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19 The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood In this study we analyse the results ... ...

Abstract	Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19 The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 3,504), Spain (N = 3,524) and the United Kingdom (N = 3,523), with two separate analyses In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to predict the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting Additionally, we estimate that around 42 8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #892381
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo / Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Folkvord, Frans / Veltri, Giuseppe A.

PLOS ONE

2020 Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e0240876

Keywords	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0240876
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

codagnone, cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo Ernesto / Charris, Rafael Alberto / Montealegre, Felipe / Liva, Giovanni / Villanueva, Francisco Lupiañez / Folkvord, F. / Veltri, Giuseppe Alessandro

2020

Abstract: Currently, many different countries are under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the ... ...

Abstract	Currently, many different countries are under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N=3,504), Spain (N=3,524) and the United Kingdom (N=3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to estimate the consequences of the economic lockdown in terms of mental health, by predicting the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock. Therefore, it can be concluded that the lockdown and extreme social distancing in the three countries has had an enormous impact on individuals’ mental health and this should be taken into account for future decisions made on regulations concerning the pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	Center for Open Science
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
DOI	10.31235/osf.io/x9m36
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Negative shocks predict change in cognitive function and preferences

Bogliacino, Francesco / codagnone, cristiano / Montealegre, Felipe / Folkvord, F. / Gómez, Camilo Ernesto / Charris, Rafael Alberto / Liva, Giovanni / Villanueva, Francisco Lupiañez / Veltri, Giuseppe Alessandro

Assessing the negative affect and stress hypothesis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown mitigation strategy

2020

Abstract: In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks, either because of the disease or the various mitigation strategies that have caused massive unemployment and financial insecurity. ... ...

Abstract	In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks, either because of the disease or the various mitigation strategies that have caused massive unemployment and financial insecurity. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this study, we analyze the results of a longitudinal multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N=1,652), Spain (N=1,660) and the United Kingdom (N=1,578). We measure cognitive function using the Cognitive Reflection Test and preferences traits using an experimentally validated set of questions to assess the differences between people exposed to a shock compared to the rest of the sample. We measure four possible types of shocks: labor market shock, health shock, occurrence of stressful events, and mental health shock. Additionally, we randomly assign participants to groups with either a recall of negative events (more specifically, a mild reinforcement of stress or of fear/anxiety), or to a control group (to recall neutral or joyful memories), in order to assess whether or not stress and negative emotions drive a change in preferences.Results show that people affected by shocks performed worse in terms of cognitive functioning, are more risk loving, and are more prone to punish others (negative reciprocity). Data do not support the hypotheses that the result is driven by stress or by negative emotions.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	Center for Open Science
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
DOI	10.31235/osf.io/qhkf9
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

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Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

Article ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Ernesto Gómez, Camilo / Alberto Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiañez Villanueva, Francisco / Folkvord, F. / Veltri, Giuseppe A.

2020

Abstract	Currently, many different countries are under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N=3,504), Spain (N=3,524) and the United Kingdom (N=3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to estimate the consequences of the economic lockdown in terms of mental health, by predicting the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock. Therefore, it can be concluded that the lockdown and extreme social distancing in the three countries has had an enormous impact on individuals’ mental health and this should be taken into account for future decisions made on regulations concerning the pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing country	it
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

Full text online

Full text

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Book ; Online: Restarting “normal” life after Covid-19 and the lockdown

codagnone, cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo Ernesto / Folkvord, F. / Liva, Giovanni / Charris, Rafael Alberto / Montealegre, Felipe / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Veltri, Giuseppe Alessandro

Evidence from Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy

2020

Abstract: Currently, unprecedented series of events are taking place that affect the institutional structure of the world economy and the social fabric of our societies. In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and ... ...

Abstract	Currently, unprecedented series of events are taking place that affect the institutional structure of the world economy and the social fabric of our societies. In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and behavioural change during the lockdown, for three European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy) that have been severely hit by Covid-19. We use a novel data source that we collected to monitor the three countries during the pandemic. As outcome variables, we use expectations (e.g., economic outlook, labour market situation, recovery), fear (e.g., scenario of new outburst, economic depression, restriction to individual rights and freedom), and behavioural change across the following dimensions: savings, cultural consumption, social capital, and risky behaviour. After providing descriptive evidence that is representative of the population of interest, using longitudinal data from the same survey on exposure to shocks and matching techniques, we estimate the impact of exposure to shock occurred during the crisis on the same outcome variables.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	Center for Open Science
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
DOI	10.31235/osf.io/vd4cq
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Covid-19

Benavides, Óscar Arturo / Bogliacino, Francesco / Castañeda, Santiago / Chamorro, Julio Cesar / Chaparro Hernández, Sergio / Charris, Rafael / Díaz, Camilo / Duque Gaitán, Diego / Giraldo, César / Gomez, Karoll / Gómez, Camilo Ernesto / Guevara, Diego Alejandro / Junca Rodriguez, Gustavo Adolfo / Martínez, Manuel / Montealegre, Felipe / Morales, Valentina / Perdomo, John Mauro / Pinzón-Fuchs, Erich / Ramírez Ángel, Lina María /

Riaño Casallas, Martha / Rincón Ruiz, Alexander / Robayo, Óscar / Rodriguez, Jorge Armando / Rojas Berrio, Sandra / Rojas Mora, Jaime Edison Rojas Mora / Romero Bolívar, Fabián Leonardo / Rubio, Manuel / Sánchez Torres, Roberto / Torres Pinzón, Andrés Felipe / Tovar, Luisa Fernanda / Triviño Gaviria, Paula / Uribe, Abel / Urrea-Ríos, Ivan Leonardo / Valencia Polanco, Javier / Villamil, Jesús Alberto / Villaveces Niño, Marta

SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

Efectos Económicos Y Políticas Públicas Para Enfrentar La Crisis (COVID-19: Economic Effects and Public Policies to Face the Crisis)

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.2139/ssrn.3616468
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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