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Article ; Online: Gender Identity and Ethnoracial Disparities in Conversion Effort Exposure.

Turban, Jack L / Anderson, Chase T M / Spetz, Joanne

2024 Volume 114, Issue 5, Page(s) 455–457

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Hispanic or Latino ; White People
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2024.307630
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Article ; Online: Analysis of driver behavior at grade-separated intersections to support design.

Liu, Yunmei / Kaber, David / Cunningham, Christopher / Chase, Thomas / Pyo, Kihyun

Applied ergonomics

2024 Volume 118, Page(s) 104287

Abstract: Understanding driver behaviors in varied traffic scenarios is critical to the design of safe and efficient roadways and traffic control device. This research presents an analysis of driver cognitive workload, situation awareness (SA) and performance for ... ...

Abstract	Understanding driver behaviors in varied traffic scenarios is critical to the design of safe and efficient roadways and traffic control device. This research presents an analysis of driver cognitive workload, situation awareness (SA) and performance for three different scenarios, including a standard intersection and contraflow grade-separated intersections (C-GSI) and quadrant GSI (Q-GSI) with lane assignment sign manipulations. The study used a simulator-based driving experiment with application of the NASA Task Load Index and Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique to assess the influence of the scenarios on driver behavioral responses. The findings reveal challenges for drivers navigating the C-GSI, characterized by diminished SA and elevated workload. These states were associated with behaviors such as delayed lane changes, missed opportunities for appropriate lane changes, heightened acceleration behavior within deceleration segments, and frequent speeding. In contrast, while drivers in the Q-GSI scenario faced elevated workloads, their SA remained steady, largely due to lane-specific signs facilitating early lane changes. Although the Q-GSI led to increased speed variability and slight increases in deceleration, the use of supplementary speed signage revealed a promising alternative to the S-intersection. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant relationship between mental workload and acceleration responses, indicating that increased acceleration was associated with higher mental workload. In addition, a significant negative correlation between driver perceived performance and absolute lane deviations indicated that drivers with higher self-assessed performance were more accurate in lane-keeping. The study underscores the need for GSIs and signage designs that support driver SA, manage cognitive workload to improve driver performance and increase road safety.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Automobile Driving/psychology ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Workload/psychology ; Environment Design ; Computer Simulation ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Awareness ; Young Adult ; Acceleration ; Cognition ; Deceleration ; Safety ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2003513-5
ISSN	1872-9126 ; 0003-6870
ISSN (online)	1872-9126
ISSN	0003-6870
DOI	10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104287
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Article ; Online: Taking Back Our Voices - #HumanityIsOurLane.

Anderson, Chase T M

The New England journal of medicine

2020 Volume 383, Issue 17, Page(s) 1609–1611

MeSH term(s)	Attitude ; Cultural Diversity ; Homophobia/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine ; Racism/psychology ; Students, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Personal Narrative
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMp2021291
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Article ; Online: Testing trade‐offs in amphibian metamorphic traits: Swimming performance and selection across metamorphic stages in the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis

Kinsey, Chase T. / McNelly, Olivia / Bridges, William C. / Blob, Richard W.

Functional Ecology. 2023 Sept., v. 37, no. 9 p.2447-2458

2023

Abstract: As frogs undergo metamorphosis from tadpole to adult, they may be susceptible to decreases in locomotor performance and survival during stages in which the tail and limbs are both present. Because these alternative axial and appendicular propulsive ... ...

Abstract	As frogs undergo metamorphosis from tadpole to adult, they may be susceptible to decreases in locomotor performance and survival during stages in which the tail and limbs are both present. Because these alternative axial and appendicular propulsive systems might interfere with each other, performance might be better when only one or the other system predominates. This framework, termed the ‘adaptive peak hypothesis’ emerged from studies of generalist anuran taxa with biphasic life histories in which aquatic larvae transition to terrestrial adults. However, it is not clear that such patterns apply to taxa with different patterns of ontogenetic environmental transitions. We evaluated the relationship between morphology, locomotor performance and survival versus predators across metamorphic stages of a fully aquatic frog, the pipid Xenopus laevis. We measured escape performance from individuals of four developmental stages spanning possession of just a tail, the presence of both tail and legs and resorption of the tail, and then conducted selection trials in which equal numbers of individuals of all stages were exposed to an aquatic predator (cichlid fish). After collecting survivors from these trials, we calculated linear and nonlinear selection gradients for a suite of morphological traits. Unlike generalist frogs, we found that both locomotor performance and survival increased across metamorphic stages of X. laevis. Linear selection gradients favoured tadpoles with longer hindlimbs, longer and narrower bodies, and shorter tails—patterns that generally parallel trends during metamorphic growth. Nonlinear selection showed that longer hindlimbs were favoured as body length increased and the positive effect of forelimb length was reduced as tail length increased. The relationship between hindlimb and body length aligns with expected changes in growth postmetamorphosis where postmetamorphic individuals are expected to have greater survival. However, longer forelimbs are generally associated with decreased locomotor performance, suggesting that alternative mechanisms of selection may be acting on the forelimbs of Xenopus through development. Overall, our results indicate that the generality of the adaptive peak framework, as applied to amphibian metamorphosis, can be impacted by specifics of life history patterns across species. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Keywords	Cichlidae ; Xenopus laevis ; adults ; body length ; ecology ; hindlimbs ; life history ; metamorphosis ; ontogeny ; resorption ; tadpoles ; tail
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Size	p. 2447-2458.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020307-X
ISSN	1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
ISSN (online)	1365-2435
ISSN	0269-8463
DOI	10.1111/1365-2435.14384
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effects of Development on Bone Mineral Density and Mechanical Properties in the Aquatic Frog, Xenopus Laevis, and a Terrestrial Frog, Lithobates Catesbianus.

Kinsey, Chase T / Ratz, Caleb / Adams, Danielle / Webber-Shultz, Amani / Blob, Richard

Integrative and comparative biology

2023 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 705–713

Abstract: The limb bones of vertebrates have a critical role in supporting the weight of the body and transmitting forces that power locomotion. The loads that limb bones experience can vary in association with a range of factors, including locomotor environment ... ...

Abstract	The limb bones of vertebrates have a critical role in supporting the weight of the body and transmitting forces that power locomotion. The loads that limb bones experience can vary in association with a range of factors, including locomotor environment or developmental stage. Limbed vertebrates that are habitually found in environments with low locomotor loads (e.g., water) might be predicted to also exhibit limb bones with less elevated mechanical properties, such as yield stiffness and yield stress. Frogs provide a distinctive case, in which these ideas can be tested as they experience changes in both locomotor style and habitat as they develop. However, while many frog taxa shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats as they metamorphose, some lineages, such as pipids, maintain an aquatic lifestyle even after metamorphosis, providing a comparative framework for the effects of habitat shifts on developing limbs in vertebrates. This study compares the material composition and mechanical properties of the femur between frog species that are aquatic specialists (Xenopus laevis) vs generalists that spend considerable time both on land and in water (Lithobates catesbeianus) as they transition from metamorphic tadpoles to fully grown adults. MicroCT scanning was used to determine changes in bone density related to developmental stage and hindlimb use during swimming. Microindentation was then used to collect hardness values from the cortical bone of each femur, which was used to evaluate bone material properties. We found that aquatic frogs had less overall bone mineral density (BMD) than terrestrial frogs and that BMD was more elevated in the cortical region of the diaphysis than trabeculae and distal and proximal epiphyses. Despite its less elevated BMD, bone mechanical properties were not significantly different in aquatic specialist X. laevis than in more terrestrial L. catesbeianus. Our results suggest that the limb bones of aquatic frogs may experience compensatory effects through development to offset their lower BMD. Furthermore, changes in bone density and material properties across development may help to explain some of the differences in locomotor performance found between aquatic and terrestrial metamorphic frogs, providing insight into how environmental factors might correlate with bone ossification.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Xenopus laevis ; Bone Density ; Locomotion ; Swimming ; Bone and Bones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2159110-6
ISSN	1557-7023 ; 1540-7063
ISSN (online)	1557-7023
ISSN	1540-7063
DOI	10.1093/icb/icad039
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Article ; Online: Phylogenomics of the extinct Heath Hen provides support for sex-biased introgression among extant prairie grouse.

Johnson, Jeff A / Novak, Ben / Athrey, Giridhar / Sharo, Andrew G / Chase, Tom / Toepfer, John

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution

2023 Volume 189, Page(s) 107927

Abstract: Rapid divergence and subsequent reoccurring patterns of gene flow can complicate our ability to discern phylogenetic relationships among closely related species. To what degree such patterns may differ across the genome can provide an opportunity to ... ...

Abstract	Rapid divergence and subsequent reoccurring patterns of gene flow can complicate our ability to discern phylogenetic relationships among closely related species. To what degree such patterns may differ across the genome can provide an opportunity to extrapolate better how life history constraints may influence species boundaries. By exploring differences between autosomal and Z (or X) chromosomal-derived phylogenetic patterns, we can better identify factors that may limit introgression despite patterns of incomplete lineage sorting among closely related taxa. Here, using a whole-genome resequencing approach coupled with an exhaustive sampling of subspecies within the recently divergent prairie grouse complex (genus: Tympanuchus), including the extinct Heath Hen (T. cupido cupido), we show that their phylogenomic history differs depending on autosomal or Z-chromosome partitioned SNPs. Because the Heath Hen was allopatric relative to the other prairie grouse taxa, its phylogenetic signature should not be influenced by gene flow. In contrast, all the other extant prairie grouse taxa, except Attwater's Prairie-chicken (T. c. attwateri), possess overlapping contemporary geographic distributions and have been known to hybridize. After excluding samples that were likely translocated prairie grouse from the Midwest to the eastern coastal states or their resulting hybrids with mainland Heath Hens, species tree analyses based on autosomal SNPs consistently identified a paraphyletic relationship with regard to the Heath Hen with Lesser Prairie-chicken (T. pallidicinctus) sister to Greater Prairie-chicken (T. c. pinnatus) regardless of genic or intergenic partitions. In contrast, species trees based on the Z-chromosome were consistent with Heath Hen sister to a clade that included its conspecifics, Greater and Attwater's Prairie-chickens (T. c. attwateri). These results were further explained by historic gene flow, as shown with an excess of autosomal SNPs shared between Lesser and Greater Prairie-chickens but not with the Z-chromosome. Phylogenetic placement of Sharp-tailed Grouse (T. phasianellus), however, did not differ among analyses and was sister to a clade that included all other prairie grouse despite low levels of autosomal gene flow with Greater Prairie-chicken. These results, along with strong sexual selection (i.e., male hybrid behavioral isolation) and a lek breeding system (i.e., high variance in male mating success), are consistent with a pattern of female-biased introgression between prairie grouse taxa with overlapping geographic distributions. Additional study is warranted to explore how genomic components associated with the Z-chromosome influence the phenotype and thereby impact species limits among prairie grouse taxa despite ongoing contemporary gene flow.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Phylogeny ; Chickens ; Grassland
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	33610-5
ISSN	1095-9513 ; 1055-7903
ISSN (online)	1095-9513
ISSN	1055-7903
DOI	10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107927
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Article ; Online: A Pilot Study of Transdiagnostic Group Cognitive-behavior Therapy for Anxiety: An Intensive Weekend Intervention.

Bautista, Chandra / Chase, Tannah / Teng, Ellen J

Journal of psychiatric practice

2021 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–74

Abstract: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and can cause serious functional impairment. Cognitive-behavioral treatments are effective but they are not always readily available. One factor contributing to this problem is the large number of disorder-specific ... ...

Abstract	Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and can cause serious functional impairment. Cognitive-behavioral treatments are effective but they are not always readily available. One factor contributing to this problem is the large number of disorder-specific treatments that require a high level of clinician training and resources, despite the similarity in the mechanisms underlying the various anxiety disorders and their treatments. Group-based, transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy (TCBT) has been shown to reduce the burden on clinicians while maintaining strong positive treatment outcomes. Furthermore, long courses of treatment may limit some individuals' ability to participate because of issues related to transportation, work, or childcare. Research has supported the efficacy of brief, intensive treatment for anxiety. The goal of the study presented here was to combine these 2 innovative treatment modalities by examining the feasibility and acceptability of TCBT provided in an intensive weekend format. The results of this pilot study indicated that this format was acceptable to a sample of Veterans (N=13) based on their feedback. This pilot study also demonstrated that the format was feasible, as all Veterans who initiated treatment completed the entire program (N=8). Preliminary outcome data suggested that TCBT delivered in an intensive weekend format may have positive effects for individuals with anxiety, including reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression as well as improved overall functioning. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety/psychology ; Anxiety/therapy ; Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2022726-7
ISSN	1538-1145 ; 1527-4160
ISSN (online)	1538-1145
ISSN	1527-4160
DOI	10.1097/PRA.0000000000000501
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Article ; Online: Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Repurposed Drugs to Improve Current Therapies.

Fong, Dunne / Christensen, Chase T / Chan, Marion M

Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery

2021 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 136–160

Abstract: Background: Cancer is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in the somatic genome. Genetic mutations as well as environmental factors lead to the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Metastasis allows cancer cells to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cancer is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in the somatic genome. Genetic mutations as well as environmental factors lead to the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Metastasis allows cancer cells to spread via circulatory and lymphatic systems; secondary tumorigenesis typically leads to a fatal outcome. Recent experimental evidence suggests that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression. A tumor is heterogeneous and composed of different cell types. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells possessing abilities to self-renew and differentiate. Objective: The aim of this study was to present repurposed drugs, and potential candidates, that can serve as anticancer medications intended to target resistant cancer cells, i.e. CSCs. Methods: Research publications, FDA filings, and patents have been reviewed for repurposed drugs or drug combinations that can act to improve cancer treatment and care. Results: Drugs that act against CSCs include ones approved for treatment of diabetes (metformin & thiazolidinediones), parasitic diseases (chloroquine, niclosamide, mebendazole & pyrvinium), psychotic disorders (thioridazine, clomipramine & phenothiazines), alcoholism (disulfiram), lipid disorder (statins), inflammatory diseases (tranilast, auranofin, acetaminophen & celecoxib), antibiotics (azithromycin), and other disorders. Current research findings advocate the existence of beneficial effects by combining these repurposed drugs, and also through their complementary use with conventional cancer therapies. Conclusion: Repurposing FDA-approved medications towards cancer care, by targeting the resistant CSCs, will allow for a quicker, cheaper development and approval process. A larger drug library available to physicians will allow for increased efficacy during both first-line and recurrent cancer treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Repositioning ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects ; Patents as Topic
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-04
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2250820-X
ISSN	2212-3970 ; 1574-8928
ISSN (online)	2212-3970
ISSN	1574-8928
DOI	10.2174/1574892816666210208232251
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Article: MassHealth and the age-one patient.

Chase, Tracy

Journal of the Massachusetts Dental Society

2012 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 40–41

MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Community-Institutional Relations ; Dental Care for Children ; Health Education, Dental ; Health Fairs ; Health Promotion ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Infant ; Insurance, Health ; Massachusetts ; Oral Health ; Teaching Materials
Language	English
Publishing date	2012
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604283-1
ISSN	0025-4800
ISSN	0025-4800
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Article ; Online: Hysteroscopic Myomectomy of a Large Submucosal Leiomyoma with Novel Use of Fluid Warming.

Chase, Tess / Estes, Stephanie J

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology

2018 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 1289–1294

Abstract: Uterine myoma size is often considered a limiting factor when choosing the surgical approach to myomectomy. In this case, a 35-year-old woman presented with heavy menstrual bleeding and desire for fertility. Ultrasound performed 3 months earlier could ... ...

Abstract	Uterine myoma size is often considered a limiting factor when choosing the surgical approach to myomectomy. In this case, a 35-year-old woman presented with heavy menstrual bleeding and desire for fertility. Ultrasound performed 3 months earlier could not assess the endometrium and suggested leiomyoma. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis identified a fundal submucosal myoma measuring 6.8 × 7.1 × 3.5cm. A planned staged hysteroscopic resection of the large submucosal myoma with intramural component was achieved. Unassisted conception occurred 2 months later. She delivered by cesarean section at term without complications. This case demonstrates that hysteroscopic mechanical tissue removal device combined with ultrasound guidance and a fluid warming system can complete myomectomy for very large uterine myomas without the need for laparoscopy or laparotomy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Fertility Preservation/methods ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy/methods ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Leiomyoma/surgery ; Menorrhagia/surgery ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Uterine Myomectomy/methods ; Uterine Neoplasms/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2186934-0
ISSN	1553-4669 ; 1553-4650
ISSN (online)	1553-4669
ISSN	1553-4650
DOI	10.1016/j.jmig.2018.05.002
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