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Article ; Online: VAAFT for complex anal fistula: a useful tool, however, cure is unlikely.

Chase, T J G / Quddus, A / Selvakumar, D / Cunha, P / Cuming, T

2021 Volume 25, Issue 10, Page(s) 1115–1121

Abstract: Background: Therapeutic options for complex anal fistula (CAF) are limited. Video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) allows examination of these anatomically complex fistulae from within. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcomes of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Therapeutic options for complex anal fistula (CAF) are limited. Video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) allows examination of these anatomically complex fistulae from within. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcomes of VAAFT for a series of CAF. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive patients at a single centre with complex anal cryptoglandular and Crohn's fistulae managed with VAAFT from June 2016 to June 2019. CAF was diagnosed as high intersphincteric/transsphincteric tract, multiple/secondary tracts, horseshoe or anovaginal fistulae. Patients were treated with 'therapeutic intent' if the internal opening was closed at the time of ablation and 'diagnostic/staged/palliative' VAAFT if there was no ablation/partial treatment/ablation-only, respectively. Symptom improvement was a reduction in reported pain, discharge, or pad use. Results: Eighty-four patients (73 cryptoglandular, 11 Crohn's, M:F 2.5:1, median age 43 [22-77] years), underwent 105 VAAFT procedures. Twenty patients had > 1 VAAFT. Median follow-up was 8 (1-46) months. 40 (48%) had multiple or secondary tracts; an additional 16 (19%) had horseshoe and 3 (4%) anovaginal fistulae. Of the 84 patients, 19 [16/73 (22%) cryptoglandular and 3/11 (27%) Crohn's fistulae] healed. 34 (40%) unhealed reported improved symptoms; 23 (27%) no improvement; and 6 (7%) were worse. Sixteen (19%) had CAF > 5 years of whom none healed, albeit 50% reported symptom improvement. Five patients (6%) developed faecal incontinence: 2 temporary, 1 to flatus only and 1 to liquid and 1 to solid, all managed conservatively. Conclusions: VAAFT is a useful minimally invasive procedure for complex fistula with no other minimally invasive options. Complete healing is rare, and, although symptoms can be improved in a number of cases, there is a small risk of incontinence.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-27
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2083309-X
ISSN	1128-045X ; 1123-6337
ISSN (online)	1128-045X
ISSN	1123-6337
DOI	10.1007/s10151-021-02492-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Coral-dwelling fish moderate bleaching susceptibility of coral hosts.

Chase, T J / Pratchett, M S / Frank, G E / Hoogenboom, M O

PloS one

2018 Volume 13, Issue 12, Page(s) e0208545

Abstract: Global environmental change has the potential to disrupt well established species interactions, with impacts on nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. On coral reefs, fish living within the branches of coral colonies can promote coral performance, and ... ...

Abstract	Global environmental change has the potential to disrupt well established species interactions, with impacts on nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. On coral reefs, fish living within the branches of coral colonies can promote coral performance, and it has been hypothesized that the enhanced water flow and nutrients provided by fish to corals could ameliorate coral bleaching. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of small, aggregating damselfish on the health of their host corals (physiology, recovery, and survival) before, during, and after a thermal-bleaching event. When comparing coral colonies with and without fish, those with resident fish exhibited higher Symbiodinium densities and chlorophyll in both field and experimentally-induced bleaching conditions, and higher protein concentrations in field colonies. Additionally, colonies with damselfish in aquaria exhibited both higher photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) during bleaching stress and post-bleaching recovery, compared to uninhabited colonies. These results demonstrate that symbiotic damselfishes, and the services they provide, translate into measureable impacts on coral tissue, and can influence coral bleaching susceptibility/resilience and recovery. By mediating how external abiotic stressors influence coral colony health, damselfish can affect the functional responses of these interspecific interactions in a warming ocean.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development ; Anthozoa/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Coral Reefs ; Fishes/physiology ; Photosynthesis ; Symbiosis ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Chlorophyll (1406-65-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0208545
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Article: Damselfishes alleviate the impacts of sediments on host corals.

Chase, T J / Pratchett, M S / McWilliam, M J / Hein, M Y / Tebbett, S B / Hoogenboom, M O

Royal Society open science

2020 Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) 192074

Abstract: Mutualisms play a critical role in ecological communities; however, the importance and prevalence of mutualistic associations can be modified by external stressors. On coral reefs, elevated sediment deposition can be a major stressor reducing the health ... ...

Abstract	Mutualisms play a critical role in ecological communities; however, the importance and prevalence of mutualistic associations can be modified by external stressors. On coral reefs, elevated sediment deposition can be a major stressor reducing the health of corals and reef resilience. Here, we investigated the influence of severe sedimentation on the mutualistic relationship between small damselfishes (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.192074
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Article: Small-scale environmental variation influences whether coral-dwelling fish promote or impede coral growth

Chase, T. J / Pratchett, M. S / Walker, S. P. W / Hoogenboom, M. O

Oecologia. 2014 Dec., v. 176, no. 4

2014

Abstract: Mutualistic symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and facilitate high biodiversity and productivity of ecosystems by enhancing the efficiency of energy and nutrient use within ecological communities. For example, small groups of fish that inhabit coral ... ...

Abstract	Mutualistic symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and facilitate high biodiversity and productivity of ecosystems by enhancing the efficiency of energy and nutrient use within ecological communities. For example, small groups of fish that inhabit coral colonies in reef ecosystems potentially enhance coral growth through defense from coral predators, aeration of coral tissue and nutrient provisioning. This study examines whether the prevalence and consequences of fish-coral interactions vary among sites with different environmental conditions in a coral reef lagoon, using the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus and its preferred coral host Pocillopora damicornis as a study system. Using a field experiment, we tested the site-specific effects of D. aruanus on coral growth, and show that the cost-benefit ratio for corals hosting fish varies with local environmental variation. Results of this study also demonstrate that fish prefer to inhabit coral colonies with particular branch-spacing characteristics, and that the local abundance of D. aruanus influences the proportion of coral colonies within a site that are occupied by fish rather than increasing the number of fish per colony. We also show that corals consistently benefit from hosting D. aruanus via defense from predation by corallivorous butterflyfish, regardless of local environmental conditions. These findings highlight the need to consider the potential for multiple scale- and state-dependent interaction effects when examining the ecology of fish-coral associations. We suggest that fluctuating cost-benefit ratios for species interactions may contribute to the maintenance of different colony phenotypes within coral populations.
Keywords	aeration ; biodiversity ; coral reefs ; corals ; ecosystems ; energy efficiency ; environmental factors ; field experimentation ; fish ; phenotype ; predation ; predators
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-12
Size	p. 1009-1022.
Publishing place	Springer-Verlag
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-014-3065-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Small-scale environmental variation influences whether coral-dwelling fish promote or impede coral growth.

Chase, T J / Pratchett, M S / Walker, S P W / Hoogenboom, M O

Oecologia

2014 Volume 176, Issue 4, Page(s) 1009–1022

Abstract	Mutualistic symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and facilitate high biodiversity and productivity of ecosystems by enhancing the efficiency of energy and nutrient use within ecological communities. For example, small groups of fish that inhabit coral colonies in reef ecosystems potentially enhance coral growth through defense from coral predators, aeration of coral tissue and nutrient provisioning. This study examines whether the prevalence and consequences of fish-coral interactions vary among sites with different environmental conditions in a coral reef lagoon, using the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus and its preferred coral host Pocillopora damicornis as a study system. Using a field experiment, we tested the site-specific effects of D. aruanus on coral growth, and show that the cost-benefit ratio for corals hosting fish varies with local environmental variation. Results of this study also demonstrate that fish prefer to inhabit coral colonies with particular branch-spacing characteristics, and that the local abundance of D. aruanus influences the proportion of coral colonies within a site that are occupied by fish rather than increasing the number of fish per colony. We also show that corals consistently benefit from hosting D. aruanus via defense from predation by corallivorous butterflyfish, regardless of local environmental conditions. These findings highlight the need to consider the potential for multiple scale- and state-dependent interaction effects when examining the ecology of fish-coral associations. We suggest that fluctuating cost-benefit ratios for species interactions may contribute to the maintenance of different colony phenotypes within coral populations.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development ; Biodiversity ; Coral Reefs ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Perciformes ; Phenotype ; Predatory Behavior ; Symbiosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-10
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-014-3065-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Pain profiles of patients with nonorganic chest pain: a preliminary report of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory.

Beck, J G / Chase, T J / Berisford, M A / Taegtmeyer, H

Journal of pain and symptom management

1992 Volume 7, Issue 8, Page(s) 470–477

Abstract: The primary purpose of this report is to extend the range of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) to include patients with nonorganic chest pain. Previous research with the MPI has not included this patient population, although this instrument has ... ...

Abstract	The primary purpose of this report is to extend the range of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) to include patients with nonorganic chest pain. Previous research with the MPI has not included this patient population, although this instrument has been used to derive an empirically based taxonomy of patient responses to chronic pain. Scale scores are provided for a sample of 43 chest pain patients and compared with normative scores from samples of chronic lower back pain patients and patients suffering from temporomandibular disorder. The MPI taxonomy was applicable for only 34.8% (N = 15) of this sample. Scale intercorrelations are examined and compared with those derived during development of the MPI, to explore reasons for this low classification rate. The results are discussed in light of cognitive-behavioral factors present in persistent chest pain, with implications for scale development and use of the MPI.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Chest Pain/diagnosis ; Chest Pain/epidemiology ; Chest Pain/etiology ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement/standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	1992-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639142-4
ISSN	0885-3924
ISSN	0885-3924
DOI	10.1016/0885-3924(92)90133-3
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Article ; Online: Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nepogodiev D. / Bhangu A. / Glasbey J.C. / Li E. / Omar O.M. / Simoes J.F. / Abbott T.E. / Alser O. / Arnaud A.P. / Bankhead-Kendall B.K. / Breen K.A. / Cunha M.F. / Davidson G.H. / Di Saverio S. / Gallo G. / Griffiths E.A. / Gujjuri R.R. / Hutchinson P.J. / Kaafarani H.M. /

Lederhuber H. / Loffler M.W. / Mashbari H.N. / Minaya-Bravo A. / Morton D.G. / Moszkowicz D. / Pata F. / Tsoulfas G. / Venn M.L. / Cox D. / Roslani A.C. / Alakaloko F. / de Vries J.-P.P. / Aaraj M.A. / Abbott S.J. / Abdalla M.O. / Abdelaal A.S. / Ademuyiwa A.O. / Aherne T.M. / Ali O.M. / Alkadeeki G.Z. / Almeida A.C. / Alrahawy M.M. / Ambler G.K. / Alameer E. / Andreani S.M. / De Andres-Asenjo B. / Antonanzas L.L. / Aoun S.G. / Ashoush F.M. / Augestad K.M. / Avellana R.B. / Ayeni F.A. / Ayorinde J.O. / Babu B.H. / Baig M.M. / Bajomo O.M. / Baker O.J. / Baker M.P. / Baldwin A.J. / Ban V.S. / Baron R.D. / Barranquero A.G. / Barry C.P. / DI Bartolomeo A. / Bass G.A. / Bath M.F. / Batjer H.H. / Beamish A.J. / Belgaumkar A.P. / Bence M.N. / Benson R.A. / Bernal-Sprekelsen J.C. / Bhama A.R. / Bhavaraju A.V. / Biffl W.L. / Blundell C.M. / Boddy A.P. / Borgstein A.B. / Bosanquet D.C. / Bosch K.D. / Bouhuwaish A.E. / Bozkurt M.A. / Brathwaite C.E. / Brown B.C. / Brown O.D. / Brown A.K. / Buarque I.L. / Bueno-Canones A.D. / Bulugma M.R. / Burke J.R. / Byrne M.H. / Cagigal-Ortega E.P. / Callcut R.A. / DI Candido F. / Canova M.E. / Carlos W.J. / Caruana E.J. / Cato L.D. / Catton A.B. / Ceretti A.P. / Chase T.J. / Chiara F.D. / Chowdhury A.H. / Chung E.A. / Cicerchia P.M. / Clough E.C. / Coleman N.L. / Collins C.G. / Collins M.L. / Colonna E.T. / Comini L.V. / Coughlin P.A. / Cruzado L.F.-G. / Davidson B.R. / Davies R.J. / Davies E.J. / Davis N.F. / Dawson B.E. / Dean B.J. / Delgado M.G.-C. / Diaz J.J. / Dickson K.E. / Diez-Alonso M.M. / Dixon J.R. / Doe M.J. / Drake T.D. / Drake F.T. / Duffy J.P. / Dunne D.F. / Dunne N.J. / Duran-Munoz-Cruzado V.M. / Durst A.Z. / Eardley N.J. / Edwards J.G. / Elfallal A.H. / Elfiky M.M. / Elliott J.A. / Emile S.H. / Emslie K.M. / Endorf F.W. / Engel J.L. / Enjuto D.T. / Etchill E.W. / Evans J.P. / Fahey B.A. / Faria C.S. / Feo C.V. / Ferguson H.J. / Fernandez B.D. / Fernandez A.G. / Fernandez A.J. / Fernandez-Pacheco B.C. / Fitzgerald J.E. / Fonsi G.B. / Font R.F. / Fowler A.L. / Fretwell K.R. / Fructuoso L.S. / Fusai G.K. / Garcia M.H. / Garcia-Urena M.A. / Gill C.K. / Gisbertz S.S. / Del Giudice R. / Giuffrida M.C. / Di Giuseppe M. / Gomez M.F. / Guariglia C.A. / Hainsworth A.J. / Hall B.J. / Hall J.R. / Hammond J.S. / Haqqani M.H. / Harrison E.M. / Hazelton J.P. / van Heinsbergen M. / Hill A.D. / Hing C.B. / Hirji S.A. / Ho M.W. / Holbrook C.M. / Holme T.J. / Hopkins J.C. / Hopkinson D.N. / Hossain F.S. / Hudson V.E. / Hughes J.L. / Hwang E.S. / Ibrahim M.A. / Isolani S.M. / Jenkinson M.D. / Jenny H.E. / Jeyaretna D.S. / Jones R.P. / Jones A.P. / Jonker P.K. / Jonsson M.L. / Joyce D.P. / Kalkwarf K.J. / Kamarajah S.K. / El Kassas M. / Kavanagh D.O. / Keatley J.M. / Khalefa M.A. / Khan J.S. / Kirmani B.H. / Kisiel A.P. / Kouris S.M. / Kowal M.R. / Labib P.L. / Larkin J.O. / Lauscher J.C. / Leclercq W.K. / Ledesma F.S. / Leite-Moreira A.M. / Leung E.Y. / Lewis S.E. / Lima M.J. / Lin D.J. / Liu H.H. / Lowery A.J. / Lozano S.M. / Luney C.R. / Maia M.M. / Mariani N.M. / Marino M.V. / Marra A.A. / Marsh C.L. / Martin R.C. / McCluney S.J. / McIntyre R.C. / Mckay S.C. / McKevitt K.L. / Meagher A.D. / Mehdi M.Q. / Mehigan B.J. / Gonzalez-De Miguel M. / De Miguel-Ardevines M.-C. / Mills S.J. / Mohan H.M. / Moir J.A. / Monson J.R. / Monteiro J.M. / Montella M.T. / Montesinos C.S. / Morgom M.M. / Moura F.S. / Muguerza J.M. / Murphy S.H. / De Nardi P. / Naumann D.N. / Neary P.C. / Neely D.T. / Ng-Kamstra J.S. / Ngu A.W. / Nguyen T.A. / Nita G.E. / Nunes Q.M. / Nygaard R.M. / O'Meara L.B. / O'Neill J.R. / Okafor B.U. / Olson S.A. / Oo A.Y. / Ormazabal P.C. / Osorio A.L. / Pachl M.J. / Parry J.T. / Patel P.K. / Perez-Sanchez L.E. / Pevidal A.N. / Pezzuto A.P. / Philp M.M. / Pinkney T.D. / Pollok J.M. / Povey M.G. / Poza A.A. / Rajgor A.D. / Rao J.N. / Raptis D.A. / Rice H.E. / Ridgway P.F. / Rivas A.M. / Rodriguez-Sanjuan J.C. / Rogers L.J. / Da Roit A. / Rollett R.A. / Romera J.L. / Rooney S.M. / Roxo V.I. / Le Roy B. / Rubio E.E. / Ruiz C.C. / Ruiz M.L. / Ryan E.J. / Saad A.R. / Saeed S.A. / Salama H.A. / Salamah A.A. / Sampietro G.M. / Sarma D.R. / Schaffer K.B. / Schnitzbauer A.A. / Scurrah R.J. / Serevina O.L. / Serralheiro P.A. / Sewards J.M. / Shackcloth M.J. / Shaw A.V. / Sheel A.R. / Sica G.S. / De Simone V. / Singh A.A. / Singh R.P. / Skelly B.L. / Smith H.G. / Sohail A.H. / Spalding D.R. / Springford L.R. / Ssentongo A.E. / Steinkamp P.J. / Stevens K.A. / Stewart G.D. / Stylianides N.A. / Sullivan T.B. / Taher A.S. / Tamimy M.S. / Tang A.M. / Tebala G.D. / Tejero-Pintor F.J. / Thaha M.A. / Thomas A.J. / De Toma G. / La Torre F. / Torres A.J. / Townshend D.N. / Trout I.M. / Tucker S.C. / Ubhi H.K. / Vega V.A. / Velmahos G.C. / Velopulos C.G. / Viswanath Y.K. / Vivas A.A. / Wade R.G. / Wadley M.S. / Wall J.J. / Walters A.M. / Warren O.J. / Weerasinghe C.K. / Wilkin R.J. / Williams K.J. / Winter S.C. / Wormald J.C. / Wright F.L. / Xyda S.E. / Young A.L. / Youssef M.M. / Yousuf F.B. / El Youzouri H. / Zappa M.A. / Abate E. / Abdalaziz H. / Abdelkarim M. / Abdou H. / Aboelkassem-Ibrahim A. / Abuown A. / Acebes-Garcia F. / Acharya M. / Adamina M. / Addae-Boateng E. / Aftab R. / Agarwal A. / Aguilar J. / Ahmed Y. / Aitken E. / Al-Azzawi M. / Al-Embideen S. / Al-Masri M. / Al-Najjar H. / Al-Sukaini A. / Alam R. / Alderson D. / Aliyeva Z. / Aljanadi F. / Almasri M. / Alonso-Ortuno P. / Altintoprak F. / Amira G. / Amjad R. / Anania G. / Andabaka T. / Angelou D. / Annamalai S. / Annessi V. / Anthoney J. / Anwar S. / Anwer M. / Aragon-Chamizo J. / Ardito A. / Arigoni M. / Armao T. / Arminio A. / Armstrong L. / Arnaud A. / Asaad P. / Ashcroft J. / Ashmore C. / Asqalan A. / Asti E. / Aubry E. / Aytac E. / Ayuso-Herrera E. / Baeza M. / Bailon-Cuadrado M. / Bakmaz B. / Baldi C. / Baldini E. / Baldo S. / Ballabio M. / Baloyiannis I. / Baltazar G. / Bambina F. / Bandiera A. / Barlow E. / Barmasse R. / Barmpagianni C. / Baronio G. / Barra F. / Bartsch A.-M. / Basgaran A. / Basha A. / Bashkirova V. / Bastazza M. / Baumber R. / Belcher E. / Belvedere A. / Benitez-Linero I. / Bergeat D. / Bernasconi M. / Bhalla A. / Bhutiani N. / Bianco F. / Bisagni P. / Blake I. / Blanco-Colino R. / Blazquez-Martin A. / Boal M. / Bonavina L. / Bonavina G. / Bond-Smith G. / Booth K. / Borges F. / Borghi F. / Bouchagier K. / Bourke G. / Boyle E. / Brachini G. / Brain J. / Brar A. / Breckles L. / Bretagnol F. / Brixton G. / Bruzzaniti P. / Bueser T. / Burnside N. / Caballero A. / Calcerrada-Alises E. / Callahan M. / Camarero E. / Campagnaro T. / Campanelli M. / Candiani M. / Cantalejo-Diaz M. / Cao H. / Capelli P. / Capizzi V. / Carcano G. / Carissimi F. / Carlini M. / Carlucci M. / Carmichael H. / Carrasco M. / Carrillo M. / Carvello M. / Casati M. / Castoro C. / Catalan V. / Cavaleiro S. / Cellerino P. / Centinaio G. / Cernei C. / Cerro C. / Cervellera M. / Chakrabortee S. / Chamberlain S. / Chan J. / Chang G. / Chaudhry D. / Chebaro A. / Chen D. / Chetty G. / Chia Z. / 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Familiari P. / Fancellu A. / Farik S. / Farrell T. / Fehervari M. / Fell A. / Fernandez-Camunas A. / Fernandez-Marin R. / Fernandez-Martinez M. / Ferrara F. / Ferrari G. / Ferrero S. / Findlay L. / Fiore M. / Fiori E. / Flatman M. / Flindall I. / Flor B. / Fontana T. / Ford S. / Ford D. / Forlani S. / Francone E. / Frattaruolo C. / Frio F. / Gagliano A. / Gagliardi F. / Gahunia S. / Gaino F. / Gala T. / Galfrascoli E. / Galimberti L. / Gallagher P. / Galleano R. / Galvan-Perez A. / Gammeri E. / Ganau M. / Garces-Garcia R. / Garulli G. / Gascon-Ferrer I. / Gattolin A. / Gaujoux S. / Gentilli S. / Georgiades F. / Ghanbari A. / Ghosh D. / Giacometti M. / Giblin A.-V. / Gilbert C. / Gimenez C. / Giorgakis E. / Gipponi M. / Glen P. / Goatly G. / Gobatti D. / Godbole C. / Gohil K. / Gomez M. / Gomez-Rosado J.-C. / Gonullu E. / Gonzalez-Gonzalez E. / Gordini L. / Gracia I. / Gracia-Roche C. / Granieri S. / Green S. / Grivon M. / Grove T. / Guaglio M. / Guaitoli E. / Guglielmi A. / Guha S. / 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Gomez Diaz C.J. / Garcia Galocha J.L. / de Gheldere C.A. / Ataide Gomes G.M. / Beltran de Heredia J. / Blazer III D.G. / Nugent III W.C. / Ali karar A.A. / Borja De Lacy F. / Blas Laina J.L. / Shane Lester M.J. / Liyanage A.S.D. / Al Maadany F.S. / De Marchi J.A. / Ramos-De la Medina A. / Mithany R.H.M. / Sanchez del Pueblo C. / van Ramshorst G.H. / De Salas M.M. / De Souza A.C. / Dolores Del Toro M. / Archer J.E. / Odeh A. / Erridge S. / Salem H.K. / Jones G.P. / Gardner A. / Tripathi S.S. / Gregg A. / Jeganathan R. / Siddique M.H. / Lombardi C.P. / Martin B. / Leo C.A. / Dass D. / Di Franco G. / Jiao L.R. / Mari G.M. / Capitan-Morales L.-C. / Connelly T.M. / Alanbuki A. / De Virgilio A. / Schilling C. / San Miguel Mendez C. / Kulkarni G. / Nizami K. / Walsh S. / Dean H. / Ruiz-Marin M. / Houston R. / Trompetto M. / Chrastek D. / Kouritas V. / Cannoletta M. / Rosato F. / Kaushal M.V. / Costa P.M. / Elkadi H.H. / Johnstone J.R. / Irvine E. / Alvarez M.R. / Corbellini C. / Venkatesan G.S. / Mateo-Sierra O. / Martinez-Perez C. / Serrano Gonzalez J. / Hernandez Bartolome M.A. / Diaz Perez D. / Gutierrez Samaniego M. / Galindo Jara P. / Sharma N. / Smart N.J. / Keller D.S.

an international cohort study

2020

Abstract: Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p<0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p<0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p<0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Keywords	Adult ; Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia ; Viral ; Postoperative Complications ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Procedures ; Operative ; Young Adult ; covid19
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing country	it
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Small-scale environmental variation influences whether coral-dwelling fish promote or impede coral growth

Chase, T. J. / Pratchett, M. S. / Walker, S. P. W. / Hoogenboom, M. O.

Oecologia

Volume v. 176,, Issue no. 4

Abstract	Mutualistic symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and facilitate high biodiversity and productivity of ecosystems by enhancing the efficiency of energy and nutrient use within ecological communities. For example, small groups of fish that inhabit coral colonies in reef ecosystems potentially enhance coral growth through defense from coral predators, aeration of coral tissue and nutrient provisioning. This study examines whether the prevalence and consequences of fish-coral interactions vary among sites with different environmental conditions in a coral reef lagoon, using the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus and its preferred coral host Pocillopora damicornis as a study system. Using a field experiment, we tested the site-specific effects of D. aruanus on coral growth, and show that the cost-benefit ratio for corals hosting fish varies with local environmental variation. Results of this study also demonstrate that fish prefer to inhabit coral colonies with particular branch-spacing characteristics, and that the local abundance of D. aruanus influences the proportion of coral colonies within a site that are occupied by fish rather than increasing the number of fish per colony. We also show that corals consistently benefit from hosting D. aruanus via defense from predation by corallivorous butterflyfish, regardless of local environmental conditions. These findings highlight the need to consider the potential for multiple scale- and state-dependent interaction effects when examining the ecology of fish-coral associations. We suggest that fluctuating cost-benefit ratios for species interactions may contribute to the maintenance of different colony phenotypes within coral populations.
Keywords	environmental factors ; biodiversity ; corals ; predation ; fish ; aeration ; ecosystems ; phenotype ; field experimentation ; predators ; energy efficiency ; coral reefs
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	0029-8549
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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